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Association of Diabetes Severity and Mortality with Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma
No full text[[abstract]]Purpose: The survival impact of diabetes severity on lung cancer remains unclear. We performed head-to-head propensity score matching to estimate the survival impact of various adapted diabetes complications severity index (aDCSI) scores in patients with both diabetes and lung squamous cell carcinoma (SqCLC).
Patients and methods: We enrolled patients with both diabetes and lung SqCLC and categorized them into the mild (aDCSI = 0-1) and moderate-to-severe (aDCSI ? 2) diabetes groups. The patients in both groups were matched at a 1:1 ratio.
Results: the matching process yielded a final cohort of 5742 patients with both diabetes and lung SqCLC (2871 patients in the mild diabetes group and 2871 patients in the moderate-to-severe diabetes groups) who were eligible for further analysis. A multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR; 95% confidence interval) of all-cause death for the mild diabetes group relative to the moderate-to-severe diabetes group was 1.17 (1.08-1.28; p = 0.0005).
Conclusion: severe diabetes (aDCSI ? 2) is an independent prognostic factor for OS among patients with both diabetes and lung SqCLC who receive standard treatments. Preventing diabetes progression is necessary for patients with diabetes because it not only supports diabetes control but also improves survival for patients with lung SqCLC
Effect of sleep disorders on the risks of cancers and site-specific cancers
No full text[[abstract]]Purpose
Whether preexisting sleep disorder is an independent risk factor for cancer remains unclear. Therefore, we performed this propensity score–matched population-based cohort study to compare the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of specific cancers between patients with and without sleep disorders.
Patients and methods
Patients were categorized into two groups on the basis of the presence or absence of sleep disorders and matched at a 1:1 ratio.
Results
Propensity score matching yielded a final cohort of 289,162 patients (i.e., 144,581 and 144,581 in the sleep disorder and nonsleep disorder groups, respectively) who were eligible for further analysis. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR; 95% confidence interval [CI]) of cancer risk in the sleep disorder group compared with the nonsleep disorder group was 1.07 (1.04–1.12; P = 0.0001). Furthermore, the adjusted IRRs (95% CIs) for all cancers, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer in the patients with sleep disorders were 1.08 (1.02–1.18), 1.20 (1.08–1.32), and 1.30 (1.10–1.52), respectively.
Conclusion
The results suggested that sleep disorders are a significant risk factor for all cancers, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer
Exploitation of a rod-shaped, acid-labile curcumin-loaded polymeric nanogel system in the treatment of systemic inflammation.
No full text[[abstract]]Curcumin is proven to have potent anti-inflammatory activity, but its low water solubility and rapid degradation in physiological conditions limit its clinical use, particularly in intravenous drug delivery. In this study, we fabricated rod-shaped, acid-labile nanogels, using high biosafe and biocompatible polymers, for intravenous application in systemic inflammation treatment. The constituent polymers of the nanogels were prepared via the conjugation of vitamin B6 derivatives, including pyridoxal and pyridoxamine, onto poly(glutamate) with ester bonds. The aldehyde groups of the pyridoxal and amine groups of the pyridoxamine on the polymers enable crosslinking using a Schiff base during the solvent evaporation procedure for the preparation of the rod-shaped nanogels. Our study is the first to introduce this linkage, which is generated from two vitamin B6 derivatives into a nanogel system. It is also the first to fabricate a rod-shaped nanogel system via simple solvent evaporation. Under acidic conditions, such as those encountered in the endosomes and lysosomes within inflammatory macrophage cells spread in the whole body, imine bonds are cleaved and release payloads. The nanogel polymers were successfully synthesized and characterized, and the formation and disappearance of the Schiff base under neutral and acidic conditions were also confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Following curcumin encapsulation, the long, rod-shaped nanogels were able to rapidly internalize into macrophage cells in static or adhere to cells under the flows, release their payloads in the acid milieus, and, thus, mitigate curcumin degradation. Consequently, curcumin-loaded, rod-shaped nanogels displayed exceptional anti-inflammatory activity both in vitro and in vivo, by efficiently inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediator secretion. These results demonstrate the feasibility of our acid-labile, rod-shaped nanogels for the treatment of systemic inflammation
CROSS COVARIANCE NORMALIZED WEIGHT OF GSTAR-SUR MODEL AS INPUT OF NEURAL NETWORK MODEL ON PRECIPITATION FORECASTING
No full text[[abstract]]A neural network constitutes a non-linear model requiring no statistical assumption.
Along with the development of which, the neural network model has been frequently combined
with time series and spatiotemporal models. This current research combined neural network and
spatiotemporal models. One of the spatiotemporal models is the GSTAR-SUR model. The weight
projected in this current research is cross-covariance normalized weight. This sort of weight is
deemed suitable for data with high variability. The significant variable in the GSTAR-SUR model
containing cross-covariance normalized weight was used as the input layer of the neural
network model. The hidden layer made use of 10 neurons fulfilling the criteria of the lowest
RMSE value and there was 1 neuron used as output. The data were in the form of 10-day
precipitations in Junggo, Pujon, Tinjumoyo, and Ngujung, during the period of 2005 to 2014.
The findings in this research were obtained by a model for forecasting precipitations in Junggo,
Pujon, Tinjumoyo, and Ngujung is NN (16, 19,1) - GSTAR-SUR (31). The cross-covariance
normalized weight on the GSTAR-SUR model as input of the neural network model has yielded
better forecasting. This research has found out that the NN-GSTAR-SUR model yielded better
and more accurate forecasting, showing a
value of 61.77%. This study recommends research
is included subset elements in the NN GSTAR-SUR model to improve forecast accurac
Good Governance and Sustainable Investment: The Effects of Governance Indicators on Stock Market Returns.
No full text[[abstract]]This research uses the WGI data as proxied of good governance and employs The Fixed Effect Model (FEM) and Random Effect Model (REM) on the panel data from the sustainable stock market returns of six Asian countries to examine the relationship among variables. Further, the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) Regression panel regression was conducted to achieve robust findings. Our empirical analysis found that political stability and absence of violence (PSA) and regulatory quality (REQ) positively influence sustainable investment returns in the Asian region. While control of corruption (COC) exhibits a significant negative impact on sustainable investment returns. These findings imply that more excellent political stability and reasonable regulations contribute to higher stock market returns. Conversely, contradictory with the Control of Corruption leads to downward stock market returns as the growth of the COC index increases. Our empirical analysis found that political stability and absence of violence (PSA) and regulatory quality (REQ) positively influence sustainable investment returns in the Asian region. While control of corruption (COC) exhibits a significant negative impact on sustainable investment returns. These findings imply that more excellent political stability and reasonable regulations contribute to higher stock market returns. Conversely, contradictory with the Control of Corruption leads to downward stock market returns as the growth of the COC index increases. This research has several crucial policy implications for sustainable investors concerning the country-level governance index to create profitable and sustainable portfolio strategies. Moreover, policymakers should strengthen the implementation of anti-corruption to increase the sustainable investors in the Asian region. This research contributes to the recent literature presenting causal relations of quality country-level governance on sustainable investment returns in the Asian region
Synthesis of Tricyclic Methyl Cyclopentapyridopyrimidin-6-carboxylates and Cyclopentaimidazopyridin-6-carboxylates from Genipin.
No full text[[abstract]]An effective one-pot reaction was successfully developed for the synthesis of tricyclic methyl cyclopentapyridopyrimidin-6-carboxylates and cyclopentaimidazopyridin-6-carboxylates from genipin with a variety of diamines, including aliphatic, sterically hindered substituted and N-substituted diamines, and cyclohexane-1,2-diamine under nitrogen atmosphere. The tricyclic and tetracyclic methyl cyclopentapyridopyrimidin-6-carboxylate or cyclopentaimidazopyridin-6-carboxylate were successfully afforded in good to excellent yields. This facile and efficient one-pot reaction involved N-substitution reaction, cyclization, sequential dehydration, and final N-substitution reaction in four-step reactions. The reactivity tendency of diamines was also determined from the isolated yields of products in this work. On the other hands, we also evaluated genipin with amines and diamines under air atmosphere to determine the potential colour variation range areas. Fortunately, we firstly isolated the unstable methyl dihydro-2H-cyclopenta[c]pyridine-4-carboxylate intermediates 3?a–b and assigned by simple spectrum analysis technique
The role of renewable energy and urbanization towards greenhouse gas emission in top Asian countries: Evidence from advance panel estimations
No full text[[abstract]]The increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and environmental degradation (ED) is a serious concern for the various economies, and a similar issue is observed in Asia. This paper investigated the role of clean energy from renewable sources, urbanization, and economic growth in determining the level of GHG emissions from 1995 to 2018 for ten Asian States through a cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lagged (CS-ARDL) model. Meanwhile, the current research also examined the cross-sectional dependence, unit root properties, and co-integration between the study variables. The study findings confirmed that clean energy and GDP2 played their constructive role in reducing GHG emissions in the natural environment or targeted economies. In contrast, urbanization and economic growth caused more GHG emissions both in the long and short run. Furthermore, the robust check through augmented mean group (AMG) and common correlated effect means group (CCEMG) also confirmed that clean energy and GDP2 have a good sign for lowering ED compared to GDP and urbanization. The study findings could support policymakers, specifically in the field of energy economics and environmental sustainability. Therefore, it is highly recommended that some strong policy implications are needed to reduce environmental issues through controlling the negative impact of economic growth and urbanization. This study contributes in the literature of GHG emission with respect to economic growth, urbanization and clean energy and guided the regulators while formulating policies related to control the GHG emission
5-day multi-session intermittent theta burst stimulation over bilateral posterior superior temporal sulci in adults with autism-a pilot study
No full text[[abstract]]Background: Theta burst stimulation (TBS), a patterned repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) protocol with shorter simulation duration and lower stimulus intensity, could be a better protocol for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Our study aimed to explore the impacts of intermittent TBS (iTBS) over the bilateral posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) on intellectually able adults with ASD.
Methods: In this randomized, single-blinded, sham-controlled crossover trial, 13 adults with ASD completed iTBS for 5 consecutive days over the bilateral pSTS and inion (as a sham control) in a 16-weeks interval and in a randomly assigned order. The neuropsychological function was measured with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) for cognitive flexibility while the clinical outcomes were measured with both self-rate and parents-rate Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) before and after 5-day iTBS interventions.
Results: The results revealed significantly immediate effects of multi-session iTBS over the bilateral pSTS on parent-rate autistic symptoms in adults with ASD. The post-hoc analysis revealed the impacts of multi-session iTBS on cognitive flexibility were affected by baseline social-communicative impairment and baseline cognitive performance. Besides, the impacts of multi-session iTBS on clinical symptoms was affected by the concurrent psychotropic medication use and baseline autistic symptoms.
Conclusions: Given the caveat of the small sample size and discrepancy of multiple informants, this pilot study suggests the therapeutic potential of 5-day multi-session iTBS over the pSTS in adults with ASD. Individual factors modulating the response to rTMS should be explicitly considered in the future trial.
Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder; Neuropsychological function; Posterior superior temporal sulcus; Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; Theta burst stimulation