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Middleware Support for Generic Actuation in the Internet of Mobile Things
Full text linkAs the Internet of Things is expanding towards applications in almost any sector of our economy and daily life, so is the demand of employing and integrating devices with actuation capabilities, such as smart bulbs, HVAC,smart locks, industrial machines, robots or drones. Many middleware platforms have been developed in orderto support the development of distributed IoT applications and facilitate the sensors-to-cloud communication andedge processing capabilities, but surprisingly very little has been done to provide middleware-level, support andgeneric mechanisms for discovering the devices and their interfaces, and executing the actuation commands, i.e.transferring them to the device. In this paper, we present a generic support for actuation as an extension ofContextNet, our mobile-cloud middleware for IoMT. We describe the design of the distributed actuation supportand present a proof of working implementation that enables remote control of a Sphero mobile BB-8 toy
IT Project Success from the Management Perspective - A Quantitative Evaluation
Full text linkThis work investigates the effects that different success criteria and their dimensions may have on the success of IT projects. It focuses on a model that represents the management's view of the success of an IT project. This is of particular interest due to demand for developing and examining such a model. To show the effects of the success criteria and their dimensions a survey of 646 participants was conducted. The effects of the criteria and dimensions on IT project success were subsequently studied with structural equation modeling. Because of some inconsistencies within the original model of IT project success a deducted model had to be developed. Some of the success criteria and dimensions had to be rearranged or removed from the original model due to the results of the study. The new model shows that the perception and the results of a project have a significant impact on the success rating of an IT project
Integrity Proofs for RDF Graphs
Full text linkRepresenting open datasets with the RDF model is becoming increasingly popular. An important aspect of this data model is that it can utilize the methods of computing cryptographic hashes to verify the integrity of RDF graphs. In this paper, we first develop a number of metrics to compare the state-of-the-art integrity proof methods and then present two new approaches to generate an integrity proof of RDF datasets: (i) semantic-based and (ii) structure-based. The semantic-based approach leverages timestamps (or other inherent notions of ordering) as an indexing key to construct a sorted Merkle tree variation, where timestamps are semantically extractable from the dataset. The structure-based approach utilizes the redundant structure of large RDF datasets to compress the dataset statements prior to generating a variation of a Merkle tree. We provide a theoretical analysis and an experimental evaluation of our two proposed methods. Compared to the Merkle and sorted Merkle tree, the semantic-based approach achieves faster querying performance for large datasets. The structure-based approach is well suited when RDF datasets contain large amounts of semantic redundancies. We also evaluate our methods' resistance to adversarial threats
Consuming Web Data in a Guiding App for Public Bus Users
Full text linkThe complexity of urban public bus networks in big cities makes their use very difficult. This paper presents Notify.me, a set of pervasive services for mobility that employs open data from the public bus network in Madrid. Our solution provides both a guiding service to assist users travelling by bus and a notifying service (visual, acoustical and sensorial) that informs them when a relevant point on their route has been reached (transfer or destination). Notify.me needs a starting point, which can be the user's current location, a destination and the preferences regarding the best route for the user. Notify.me requests a route from the Madrid public bus company via SOAP Web services. The back-end responds with the calculated route, the user's route, which includes the bus lines, the transfers and the pedestrian routes needed to reach the destination. Finally, an empirical evaluation of the experiences of users who employed Notify.me is presented
Hijacking DNS Subdomains via Subzone Registration: A Case for Signed Zones
Full text linkWe investigate how the widespread absence of signatures in DNS (Domain Name System) delegations, in combination with a common misunderstanding with regards to the DNS specification, has led to insecure deployments of authoritative DNS servers which allow for hijacking of subdomains without the domain owner's consent. This, in turn, enables the attacker to perform effective man-in-the-middle attacks on the victim's online services, including TLS (Transport Layer Security) secured connections, without having to touch the victim's DNS zone or leaving a trace on the machine providing the compromised service, such as the web or mail server. Following the practice of responsible disclosure, we present examples of such insecure deployments and suggest remedies for the problem. Most prominently, DNSSEC (Domain Name System Security Extensions) can be used to turn the problem from an integrity breach into a denial-of-service issue, while more thorough user management resolves the issue completely
Towards Intrinsic Molecular Communication Using Isotopic Isomerism
Full text linkIn this paper we introduce a new approach for molecular communication (MC). The proposed method uses isotopomers as symbols in a communication scenario, and we name this approach isotopic molecular communication (IMC). We propose a modulation scheme based on isotopic isomerism, where symbols are encoded via isotopes in molecules. This can be advantageous in applications where the communication has to be independent from chemical molecular concentration. Application scenarios include nano communications with isotopes in a macroscopic environment, i.e. encoding freshwater flow of rivers or drinking water utilities, or medical applications where blood carries isotopomers used for communication in a human or animal body. We simulate the capacity of communication in the sense of symbols per second and maximum symbol rate for different applications. We provide estimations for the symbol rate per distance and we demonstrate the feasibility to identify isotopes reliably. In summary, this isotopic molecular communication is a new paradigm for data transfer independent from molecular concentrations and chemical reactions, and can provide higher throughput than ordinary molecular communications
Smartwatch-Based IoT Fall Detection Application
Full text linkThis paper proposes using only the streaming accelerometer data from a commodity-based smartwatch (IoT) device to detect falls. The smartwatch is paired with a smartphone as a means for performing the computation necessary for the prediction of falls in realtime without incurring latency in communicating with a cloud server while also preserving data privacy. The majority of current fall detection applications require specially designed hardware and software which make them expensive and inaccessible to the general public. Moreover, a fall detection application that uses a wrist worn smartwatch for data collection has the added benefit that it can be perceived as a piece of jewelry and thus non-intrusive. We experimented with both Support Vector Machine and Naive Bayes machine learning algorithms for the creation of the fall model. We demonstrated that by adjusting the sampling frequency of the streaming data, computing acceleration features over a sliding window, and using a Naive Bayes machine learning model, we can obtain the true positive rate of fall detection in real-world setting with 93.33% accuracy. Our result demonstrated that using a commodity-based smartwatch sensor can yield fall detection results that are competitive with those of custom made expensive sensors
Past, Present and Future of the ContextNet IoMT Middleware
Full text linkThe Internet of Things with support to mobility is already transforming many application domains, such as smart cities and homes, environmental monitoring, health care, manufacturing, logistics, public security etc. in that it allows to collect and analyze data from the environment, people and machines, and to implement some form of control or steering on these elements of the physical world. But in order to speed the development of applications for the Internet of Mobile Things (IoMT), some middleware is required. This paper summarizes seven years of research and development on the ContextNet middle ware aimed at IoMT, discusses what we achieved and what we have learned so far. We also share our vision of possible future challenges and developments in the Internet of Mobile Things
Towards a Model-driven Performance Prediction Approach for Internet of Things Architectures
Full text linkIndisputable, security and interoperability play major concerns in Internet of Things (IoT) architectures and applications. In this paper, however, we emphasize the role and importance of performance and scalability as additional, crucial aspects in planning and building sustainable IoT solutions. IoT architectures are complicated system-of-systems that include different developer roles, development processes, organizational units, and a multilateral governance. Its performance is often neglected during development but becomes a major concern at the end of development and results in supplemental efforts, costs, and refactoring. It should not be relied on linearly scaling for such systems only by using up-to-date technologies that may promote such behavior. Furthermore, different security or interoperability choices also have a considerable impact on performance and may result in unforeseen trade-offs. Therefore, we propose and pursue the vision of a model-driven approach to predict and evaluate the performance of IoT architectures early in the system lifecylce in order to guarantee efficient and scalable systems reaching from sensors to business applications
Data Credence in IoT: Vision and Challenges
Full text linkAs the Internet of Things permeates every aspect of human life, assessing the credence or integrity of the data generated by "things" becomes a central exercise for making decisions or in auditing events. In this paper, we present a vision of this exercise that includes the notion of data credence, assessing data credence in an efficient manner, and the use of technologies that are on the horizon for the very large scale Internet of Things