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Mittelamerikanisches Spanisch in den Fernsehnachrichten.: Auf der Suche nach einem regionalen Standard?
No full textDieser Artikel untersucht die verschiedenen Varietäten des in Mittelamerika (mit Ausnahme von Belize) gesprochenen Spanisch und vergleicht sie mit dem von Nachrichtensprechern verwendeten Spanisch. Ziel ist es herauszufinden, ob diese Sprecher ihren eigenen regionalen oder nationalen Sprechweisen treu bleiben oder sich im Gegenteil eine neue Standardvarietät herausbildet.
Die Studie ist qualitativ, empirisch und experimentell angelegt und dient als Pilotprojekt für zukünftige Forschungen. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf den phonetischen Merkmalen der Sprache. Zwischen Februar und März 2024 wurden Fernsehübertragungen, hauptsächlich nationale Nachrichtensendungen aus den jeweiligen Ländern, mit einer Gesamtdauer von zwei Stunden pro Land als Stichproben aufgezeichnet.
Die Datenanalyse zielt darauf ab, die Art der Standardisierung zu identifizieren, die die Sprecher anstreben, und festzustellen, ob diese mit anderen Sprachnormen des Spanischen übereinstimmt oder von ihnen abweicht. Zu diesem Zweck wird die von R. Ávila (2003) entwickelte Klassifizierung des von professionellen Sprechern in verschiedenen Hauptstädten der hispanischen Welt gesprochenen Spanisch verwendet und der Frage nachgegangen, inwiefern sich das von zentralamerikanischen professionellen Sprechern verwendete Spanisch sich in dieser Klassifizierung wiederfindet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das zentralamerikanische Spanisch zwar zur S1-Gruppe dieser Klassifizierung gehört, jedoch keiner der etablierten Normen professioneller Sprecher in der spanischsprachigen Welt entspricht. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass die zentralamerikanischen Nachrichtensprecher sich tendenziell an zwei neuen, geografisch bedingten phonetischen Unterkategorien orientieren.
Darüber hinaus versucht die Studie, eine Beziehung zwischen der im Fernsehen gehörten Varietät des mittelamerikanischen Spanisch und den Einstellungen der Mittelamerikaner zu ihrer eigenen Sprache herzustellen.
This article examines the different varieties of Spanish spoken across Central America, excluding Belize, and compares them with the Spanish used by television announcers. The goal is to determine whether these broadcasters remain faithful to their own regional or national speech patterns or, conversely, are forging a new standardized modality.
The study is qualitative, empirical, and experimental in nature, serving as a pilot for future research. Its focus is on the phonetic aspects of the language. Television broadcasts, primarily national news programs from each country, were sampled between February and March 2024, with a total of two hours of transmission per country.
The data analysis aims to identify the type of standardization the speakers are pursuing and whether it aligns with other linguistic models of Spanish or diverges from them. To this end, the classification of Spanish spoken by professional speakers in various Hispanic capitals, developed by R. Ávila (2003), is used to assess how the Spanish used by Central American professionals fits within this framework. The findings indicate that while Central American Spanish belongs to the S1 group of this classification, it does not conform to any of the established norms for this type of Spanish found in the Hispanic world. This suggests that Central American television announcers are gravitating toward two new, geographically influenced phonetic subcategories.
Additionally, the study seeks to establish a relationship between the variety of Central American Spanish heard in television news and the attitudes of Central Americans towards their own speech.This article examines the different varieties of Spanish spoken across Central America, excluding Belize, and compares them with the Spanish used by television announcers. The goal is to determine whether these broadcasters remain faithful to their own regional or national speech patterns or, conversely, are forging a new standardized modality.
The study is qualitative, empirical, and experimental in nature, serving as a pilot for future research. Its focus is on the phonetic aspects of the language. Television broadcasts, primarily national news programs from each country, were sampled between February and March 2024, with a total of two hours of transmission per country.
The data analysis aims to identify the type of standardization the speakers are pursuing and whether it aligns with other linguistic models of Spanish or diverges from them. To this end, the classification of Spanish spoken by professional speakers in various Hispanic capitals, developed by R. Ávila (2003), is used to assess how the Spanish used by Central American professionals fits within this framework. The findings indicate that while Central American Spanish belongs to the S1 group of this classification, it does not conform to any of the established norms for this type of Spanish found in the Hispanic world. This suggests that Central American television announcers are gravitating toward two new, geographically influenced phonetic subcategories.
Additionally, the study seeks to establish a relationship between the variety of Central American Spanish heard in television news and the attitudes of Central Americans towards their own speech.This article examines the different varieties of Spanish spoken across Central America, excluding Belize, and compares them with the Spanish used by television announcers. The goal is to determine whether these broadcasters remain faithful to their own regional or national speech patterns or, conversely, are forging a new standardized modality.
The study is qualitative, empirical, and experimental in nature, serving as a pilot for future research. Its focus is on the phonetic aspects of the language. Television broadcasts, primarily national news programs from each country, were sampled between February and March 2024, with a total of two hours of transmission per country.
The data analysis aims to identify the type of standardization the speakers are pursuing and whether it aligns with other linguistic models of Spanish or diverges from them. To this end, the classification of Spanish spoken by professional speakers in various Hispanic capitals, developed by R. Ávila (2003), is used to assess how the Spanish used by Central American professionals fits within this framework. The findings indicate that while Central American Spanish belongs to the S1 group of this classification, it does not conform to any of the established norms for this type of Spanish found in the Hispanic world. This suggests that Central American television announcers are gravitating toward two new, geographically influenced phonetic subcategories.
Additionally, the study seeks to establish a relationship between the variety of Central American Spanish heard in television news and the attitudes of Central Americans towards their own speech.This article examines the different varieties of Spanish spoken across Central America, excluding Belize, and compares them with the Spanish used by television announcers. The goal is to determine whether these broadcasters remain faithful to their own regional or national speech patterns or, conversely, are forging a new standardized modality.
The study is qualitative, empirical, and experimental in nature, serving as a pilot for future research. Its focus is on the phonetic aspects of the language. Television broadcasts, primarily national news programs from each country, were sampled between February and March 2024, with a total of two hours of transmission per country.
The data analysis aims to identify the type of standardization the speakers are pursuing and whether it aligns with other linguistic models of Spanish or diverges from them. To this end, the classification of Spanish spoken by professional speakers in various Hispanic capitals, developed by R. Ávila (2003), is used to assess how the Spanish used by Central American professionals fits within this framework. The findings indicate that while Central American Spanish belongs to the S1 group of this classification, it does not conform to any of the established norms for this type of Spanish found in the Hispanic world. This suggests that Central American television announcers are gravitating toward two new, geographically influenced phonetic subcategories.
Additionally, the study seeks to establish a relationship between the variety of Central American Spanish heard in television news and the attitudes of Central Americans towards their own speech.This article examines the different varieties of Spanish spoken across Central America, excluding Belize, and compares them with the Spanish used by television announcers. The goal is to determine whether these broadcasters remain faithful to their own regional or national speech patterns or, conversely, are forging a new standardized modality.
The study is qualitative, empirical, and experimental in nature, serving as a pilot for future research. Its focus is on the phonetic aspects of the language. Television broadcasts, primarily national news programs from each country, were sampled between February and March 2024, with a total of two hours of transmission per country.
The data analysis aims to identify the type of standardization the speakers are pursuing and whether it aligns with other linguistic models of Spanish or diverges from them. To this end, the classification of Spanish spoken by professional speakers in various Hispanic capitals, developed by R. Ávila (2003), is used to assess how the Spanish used by Central American professionals fits within this framework. The findings indicate that while Central American Spanish belongs to the S1 group of this classification, it does not conform to any of the established norms for this type of Spanish found in the Hispanic world. This suggests that Central American television announcers are gravitating toward two new, geographically influenced phonetic subcategories.
Additionally, the study seeks to establish a relationship between the variety of Central American Spanish heard in television news and the attitudes of Central Americans towards their own speech.This article examines the different varieties of Spanish spoken across Central America, excluding Belize, and compares them with the Spanish used by television announcers. The goal is to determine whether these broadcasters remain faithful to their own regional or national speech patterns or, conversely, are forging a new standardized modality.
The study is qualitative, empirical, and experimental in nature, serving as a pilot for future research. Its focus is on the phonetic aspects of the language. Television broadcasts, primarily national news programs from each country, were sampled between February and March 2024, with a total of two hours of transmission per country.
The data analysis aims to identify the type of standardization the speakers are pursuing and whether it aligns with other linguistic models of Spanish or diverges from them. To this end, the classification of Spanish spoken by professional speakers in various Hispanic capitals, developed by R. Ávila (2003), is used to assess how the Spanish used by Central American professionals fits within this framework. The findings indicate that while Central American Spanish belongs to the S1 group of this classification, it does not conform to any of the established norms for this type of Spanish found in the Hispanic world. This suggests that Central American television announcers are gravitating toward two new, geographically influenced phonetic subcategories.
Additionally, the study seeks to establish a relationship between the variety of Central American Spanish heard in television news and the attitudes of Central Americans towards their own speech
Desorientación normativa y variación gramatical en el español de Canarias
No full textIn the Spanish of the Canary Islands, it seems that the national standard coexists with a regional norm, which has yet to be defined at the morphosyntactic level. There is a lack of empirical studies on the variational status of many constructions which have been registered in the Canary Islands for decades and which differ from the European standard. The main aim of this paper is to raise the problems of normative disorientation that derive from this situation. To this end, the process of linguistic standardization initiated in the Canary Island is analyzed, a list of morphosyntactic phenomena with undefined status is presented, and, in the case of three variables, the results obtained from a sociolinguistic questionnaire addressed to Canarian university students are discussed.In the Spanish of the Canary Islands, it seems that the national standard coexists with a regional norm, which has yet to be defined at the morphosyntactic level. There is a lack of empirical studies on the variational status of many constructions which have been registered in the Canary Islands for decades and which differ from the European standard. The main aim of this paper is to raise the problems of normative disorientation that derive from this situation. To this end, the process of linguistic standardization initiated in the Canary Island is analyzed, a list of morphosyntactic phenomena with undefined status is presented, and, in the case of three variables, the results obtained from a sociolinguistic questionnaire addressed to Canarian university students are discussed.En el español de Canarias parece que el estándar nacional coexiste con una norma regional, la canaria, aún por definir en el nivel morfosintáctico. Carecemos de estudios empíricos que informen sobre el estatus variacional de muchas construcciones que se vienen registrando en el archipiélago desde hace décadas y que son diferenciales respecto al estándar europeo. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es plantear los problemas de desorientación normativa que se derivan de esta situación. Para ello se analiza el proceso de normalización lingüística iniciado en Canarias, se presenta una nómina de fenómenos morfosintácticos de estatus indefinido y, en el caso de tres variables, los resultados obtenidos en un cuestionario sociolingüístico dirigido a estudiantes universitarios canarios.In the Spanish of the Canary Islands, it seems that the national standard coexists with a regional norm, which has yet to be defined at the morphosyntactic level. There is a lack of empirical studies on the variational status of many constructions which have been registered in the Canary Islands for decades and which differ from the European standard. The main aim of this paper is to raise the problems of normative disorientation that derive from this situation. To this end, the process of linguistic standardization initiated in the Canary Island is analyzed, a list of morphosyntactic phenomena with undefined status is presented, and, in the case of three variables, the results obtained from a sociolinguistic questionnaire addressed to Canarian university students are discussed.In the Spanish of the Canary Islands, it seems that the national standard coexists with a regional norm, which has yet to be defined at the morphosyntactic level. There is a lack of empirical studies on the variational status of many constructions which have been registered in the Canary Islands for decades and which differ from the European standard. The main aim of this paper is to raise the problems of normative disorientation that derive from this situation. To this end, the process of linguistic standardization initiated in the Canary Island is analyzed, a list of morphosyntactic phenomena with undefined status is presented, and, in the case of three variables, the results obtained from a sociolinguistic questionnaire addressed to Canarian university students are discussed.In the Spanish of the Canary Islands, it seems that the national standard coexists with a regional norm, which has yet to be defined at the morphosyntactic level. There is a lack of empirical studies on the variational status of many constructions which have been registered in the Canary Islands for decades and which differ from the European standard. The main aim of this paper is to raise the problems of normative disorientation that derive from this situation. To this end, the process of linguistic standardization initiated in the Canary Island is analyzed, a list of morphosyntactic phenomena with undefined status is presented, and, in the case of three variables, the results obtained from a sociolinguistic questionnaire addressed to Canarian university students are discussed.In the Spanish of the Canary Islands, it seems that the national standard coexists with a regional norm, which has yet to be defined at the morphosyntactic level. There is a lack of empirical studies on the variational status of many constructions which have been registered in the Canary Islands for decades and which differ from the European standard. The main aim of this paper is to raise the problems of normative disorientation that derive from this situation. To this end, the process of linguistic standardization initiated in the Canary Island is analyzed, a list of morphosyntactic phenomena with undefined status is presented, and, in the case of three variables, the results obtained from a sociolinguistic questionnaire addressed to Canarian university students are discussed
Considering the fate of equestrian sport after the Olympic Games in Paris 2024
No full textThe equestrian sports industry constitutes a lucrative branch of business for numerous stakeholders. This article aims to show the reality of animal welfare standards in modern equestrian sports, its pros, cons and the possible fate of these Olympic disciplines in the nearest future. After presenting the legal foundations of equestrian sports, the latest controversies and most important facts connected with the ethics of using horses in equestrian sports, the problem of the position of horses in these sports is presented, trying to place them somewhere between athletes and victims. As the next step, the main negative aspects of equestrian sports are pointed out, combining the social and psychological aspects of sport rivalry and the impact that human emotions – inevitable in any sporting rivalry – may have on the ethics of using horses. The conclusions present my opinion regarding the possible future of equestrianism, including answering the question as to whether it should remain an Olympic discipline.The status of animals in the modern world has significantly changed over the last decades and the ethics of using horses in sport are now being questioned. This article aims to show the reality of animal welfare standards in modern equestrian sport, its pros and cons, and the possible fate of these Olympic disciplines in the near future, presenting various aspects of animal law and ethics, as well as combining the social and psychological aspects of sporting rivalry and the impact that human emotions – inevitable in any sporting rivalry – have on the ethics of using horses. The simple fact is that no matter what rules are put in place by any governing body, it is impossible to eliminate all cases of animal abuse in the training of horses. Therefore, what leads to such behaviour towards horses are the psychological underpinnings of sporting rivalries. Therefore, changing the rules of equestrian sport by making it significantly less competitive and lowering the expectations towards horses – which is inevitably connected to removing equestrian sport from the Olympic Games – will result in a massive change in the quality of life and welfare of horses
Systemic communication in the dental context
No full textAs patients in a dental or medical context, persons find themselves in a vulnerable, exceptional psychological and physical situation, in which the solution-oriented regulation of emotions requires mindful, systemic communication. This review describes typical placebo and nocebo effects in verbal, paraverbal and non-verbal communication and their impact on patients and their relationship with dental or medical professionals. In addition, a training curriculum for second-year undergraduate dental master’s students is described, that not only provides students with the necessary competences for solution-oriented systemic communication, but also enables them to experience its effectiveness in the clinical context.As patients in a dental or medical context, persons find themselves in a vulnerable, exceptional psychological and physical situation, in which the solution-oriented regulation of emotions requires mindful, systemic communication. This review describes typical placebo and nocebo effects in verbal, paraverbal and non-verbal communication and their impact on patients and their relationship with dental or medical professionals. In addition, a training curriculum for second-year undergraduate dental master’s students is described, that not only provides students with the necessary competences for solution-oriented systemic communication, but also enables them to experience its effectiveness in the clinical context
Judith Engeler, Das Erste Helvetische Bekenntnis von 1536: Die Schweizer Protestanten zwischen Bekenntnis und Bündnis, 2023
No full textNo abstract available.No abstract available
127. Jahresbericht des Zwinglivereins über das Jahr 2023
No full textNo abstract available.No abstract available
The Relational Approach in Humanitarian Negotiations and the Uncertainty Reduction of armed Counter Parts on the Front Lines: Critical Analysis of current Policy
No full textHumanitarian negotiations in frontline conflict zones involve significant challenges, including high uncertainty and complex power dynamics. Current policies emphasize the relational approach, which focuses on building relationships to improve negotiator effectiveness and achieve positive outcomes. Despite recent updates, scholarly literature highlights ongoing issues of security and mistrust, which impede initial uncertainty reduction. This study examines gaps in existing policies regarding the initial interactions with armed counterparts and offers practical recommendations for improvement. Using a qualitative desk literature review, this paper analyzes five policy manuals and relevant experiences through the lens of the Uncertainty Reduction Theory (URT) of interpersonal communication. The analysis focuses on seven URT axioms: verbal communication, nonverbal expressiveness, information seeking, intimacy levels, reciprocity, similarity, and liking. The URT’s framework is well-suited for analyzing communication between strangers, which mirrors the context faced by humanitarian negotiators. Additionally, URT’s emphasis on fostering future relationships complements the relational approach advocated in humanitarian negotiations. Findings reveal several areas lacking sufficient guidance. Notably, the current policy does not sufficiently address strategies to enhance the predictability of verbal communication—a critical URT principle for trust-building and uncertainty reduction. Moreover, there is an absence of guidance on culturally sensitive nonverbal gestures. The policy also lacks strategies for safely obtaining non-sensitive information from armed actors and offers incomplete advice on avoiding overly personal relationships. Based on these findings, three practical recommendations are proposed. First, adopting URT s “predictability method” for verbal communication to enhance clarity and manage expectations. Second, practicing “reciprocity in information sharing” for obtaining non-sensitive information. Finally, setting boundaries by avoiding high-level intimacy in conversations is emphasized to prevent the development of inappropriate emotional bonds.