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Can We Get Rid of Bias? Mitigating Systematic Error in Data Donation Studies through Survey Design Strategies
No full textDigital trace data retrieved via data donations holds significant potential for the study of individual behavior. However, data donation studies may be subject to bias. Researchers therefore need to quantify and address systematic error in digital trace data. To complement a-posteriori error correction methods like statistical modeling, we tested how ex-ante approaches, in particular survey design strategies, may help address bias in data donation studies. We conducted two preregistered experiments, one with a convenience sample of students (NI = 345) and one with a convenience sample from an online access panel (NII = 2,039). In both experiments, we analyzed the effects of survey design strategies – technical support during data donation, personalized incentives, and highlighting the societal relevance of participants’ data – on nonresponse rates and nonresponse bias. Our results indicate that while data donation studies are prone to both, our ex-ante strategies could not effectively decrease nonresponse rates or nonresponse bias. Overall, our study underlines the need to (a) make bias in digital trace data more transparent and (b) advance research on error correction methods
Digital implant impression taking: an overview
No full textIntraoral-Scanner finden immer öfter Anwendung im zahnärztlichen Alltag. Neben der digitalen Abformung von präparierten Zähnen lassen sich damit auch Implantate intraoral scannen. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt eine Übersicht der verschiedenen Möglichkeiten intraoraler, digitaler Implantatabformungen. Ebenso werden Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des Vorgehens unter Berücksichtigung des aktuellen Wissensstandes beleuchtet.In dentist’s daily practice, intraoral scanning systems are increased. Besides scanning of prepared teeth, also implants could be scanned intraorally. This clinical report describes the step- by-step techniques to scan digitally intraoral implants with two intraoral scanners (LavaTM C.O.S., 3M Espe and the CEREC AC connected with inLab MC XL, Sirona) for generating implant suprastructures without the use of impression materials, dental stone or implant impression copings. Different workflows, possibilities and limits by scanning dental implants are demonstrated
Barodontalgias, dental and orofacial barotraumas: a survey in Swiss divers and caisson workers
No full textChanging ambient pressure can lead to medical conditions in body cavities filled with air. Intraoral pain elicited by changes in pressure is referred to as barodontalgia. Dental barotraumas are defined as pressure-induced damages of teeth and restorations. The pathophysiologic background so far is not completely clear. The present study deals with dental and orofacial symptoms which can occur as a result of pressure variations. With the aid of cantonal administrations, diving associations, and tunnel construction firms, 520 pressure-exposed individuals (499 scuba/ professional divers, 21 caisson workers operating at excess pressure) were questioned regarding dental problems. A personal interview was conducted with affected individuals. Problems in the dental area were experienced by 15% of all respondents. Toothaches were suffered by 10.2% of the participants. Tooth injuries occurred in 6.3% of all interviewees (26 fractured amalgam restorations, 4 crown fractures, 3 losses of tooth fragments). A proportion of 11.3% among the respondents complained about temporomandibular joint problems or mucosal irritations (for example aphthae) related to the mouthpieces. Barotraumas outside the dental area were incurred by 31.9% of the divers. Of these, 69.9% concerned the ears and 65.6% occurred during the descent. Based on the results obtained from the survey and taking into account the current literature, recommendations for the prevention of barotraumas in divers and caisson workers were prepared. Diagnostic exclusion of dental pathologies and avoidance of retentive reconstruction materials are important factors for the prevention of barodontalgias and dental barotraumas
Orthodontic retention procedures in Switzerland: A survey
No full textObjective: To survey retention procedures used in orthodontic practices in Switzerland.
Material and methods: A questionnaire previously developed by Renkema et al. (2009) was sent to 223 Swiss orthodontists. The questionnaire comprised six parts, mainly containing multiple-choice questions. Information as to background education of the individual orthodontist, retention in general, frequency of different types of removable or bonded retainers that were used, retention pro- tocol, and the type and size of the wire used for bonded retainers was assessed.
Results: The overall response rate was 65 percent. Most orthodontists placed a bonded retainer in the upper and lower arch, except when the upper arch was expanded during treatment or when extractions were performed in the upper arch, in which case they placed a combination of fixed and removable retainers. Opinions varied with regard to how many hours the removable retainers should be worn and the duration of the retention phase. As far as bonded retainers were concerned, 87 percent of the orthodontists preferred life-long retention. Ninety-three percent of the orthodontists considered that the development of a guide- line on retention procedures would be useful.
Conclusions: The choice of retention procedures is mostly based on orthodontists personal preference. A further research into the long-term effectiveness of individual retention protocols is needed
Is Matilda Playing it Safe? : Gender in Computational Text Analysis Methods
No full textNumerous studies document the gender gap in published articles in political science journals, observing systematic imbalances in the sub- mission pool which result in a distorted publication pattern. In this study we test some pathways that may explain the distorted submission pool: a) playing it safe due to the gender perception gap, and b) as a consequence of the Matilda effect setting a higher bar for methodological knowledge, focusing on papers using Computational Text Analysis methods. Papers using Computational Text Analysis Methods are more likely to be published in journals with a ‘masculinized’ perception gap. When women are aiming for these journals, they might ‘play it safe’ by conducting more validation checks than their male colleagues. More- over, embracing the Matilda effect – i.e. internalizing the systematic under-recognition of female scientists and mis-attribution of, especially methodological skills, to men – women scholars are more likely to indicate that a) there are important training needs in more areas; and b) they themselves need (further) training in computational methods and use these reasons not to publish papers employing these methods. We test these claims using a) a unique content analysis of research articles published in the top 20 journals in communication science, political science, sociology and psychology between 2016 and 2020, identifying all 854 articles that involved some form of quantitative textual analysis; and b) a pre-registered expert survey of all authors of quantitative text analytic research identified via said content analysis, which inquired about researchers’ considerations and concerns in the application of computational text analytic strategie
The central giant-cell granulom: a case report
No full textThe central giant-cell granuloma is a tumour-like change in the jawbone of unknown aetiology and morphological similarity to the giant cell tumour of the bone.The central giant-cell granuloma is a tumour-like change in the jawbone of unknown aetiology and morphological similarity to the giant cell tumour of the bone
Autologous platelet concentrates in regenerative dentistry – A narrative literature review.: Part II: clinical application of PRF in periodontology and implantology
No full textDie klinische Anwendung von plättchenreichem Fibrin (PRF) bzw. „Plasma rich in Growth Factors“ (PRGF®) in der regenerativen Zahnmedizin wurde über die letzten zwei Jahrzehnte ausführlich untersucht und belegt und bietet unter anderem diverse Vorteile für die regenerative Parodontaltherapie, bei der Versorgung der Extraktionsalveole im Sinne einer Alveolarkammprophylaxe oder einer Unterstützung der Wundheilung, im Rahmen der Implantologie inklusive der gesteuerten Knochenregeneration sowie beim oralchirurgischen Defektmanagement. Für die Wundheilung im Bereich Gingiva und Weichgewebe scheinen die Vorteile der PRFApplikation relativ klar belegt, was auch in systematischen Übersichtsarbeiten bestätigt wurde. Weniger klar sind die Effekte im Zusammenhang mit der knöchernen Regeneration, wo die Heterogenität bzgl. verschiedener PRF-Protokolle, Indikationen und Applikationsformen einen systematischen Vergleich oft erschwert. Dennoch sind verschiedene Hinweise vorhanden, dass autologe Plättchenkonzentrate einen positiven Einfluss auch für das Hartgewebe bzw. dessen Regeneration aufweisen können. Um aussagekräftige Vergleiche im Sinne von Übersichtsarbeiten zu ermöglichen, ist für alle zukünftigen Studien eine präzise Dokumentation des PRF-Protokolls gefordert.The clinical impact of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF®) respectively has been studied extensively in the field of regenerative dentistry during the last two decades. Literature supports evidence for additional benefits in regenerative periodontal therapy, alveolar ridge preservation, management of extraction sockets, implantology including guided bone regeneration as well as defect management in oral surgery. Regarding gingival wound healing and soft tissue regeneration, there is sufficient evidence for their positive effects which have been confirmed in several systematic reviews. The effects seem less clear in conjunction with osseous regenerative treatments, where the inter-study heterogenity in terms of different PRF-protocols, indications and application forms might hinder a systematic comparison. Nevertheless there is evidence that PRF might have beneficial effects on hard-tissue or its regeneration respectively. For being able to facilitate conclusions in systematic reviews, precise reporting of the used PRF-protocols is mandatory for future (clinical) research in the field of autologous platelet concentrates
Le droit suisse des sociétés en 2022 : Modifications législatives et jurisprudence partiellement commentée
No full textCette contribution propose un aperçu des principales modifications législatives et de la jurisprudence du Tribunal fédéral [TF] de l\u27année 2022 en droit suisse des sociétés. La section consacrée aux modifications législatives (chiffre I) revient sur l\u27entrée en vigueur des modifications du Code des obligations [CO], tandis que les résumés de jurisprudence font l\u27objet de la section suivante (chiffre II) ; les arrêts y sont classés par forme de société et les arrêts publiés au recueil des ATF précèdent les autres arrêts, qui sont classés par ordre chronologique.
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Dieser Beitrag bietet einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Gesetzesänderungen und die Rechtsprechung des Bundesgerichts für das Jahr 2022 im Schweizer Gesellschaftsrecht. Der Abschnitt über die Gesetzesänderungen (Ziffer I) geht auf das Inkrafttreten der Änderungen des OR und anderer handelsrechtlicher Gesetze ein, während die Zusammenfassungen der Rechtsprechung Gegenstand des darauffolgenden Abschnitts (Ziffer II) sind. Die Urteile sind dort nach Gesellschaftsform geordnet und die in der amtlichen Sammlung des Bundesgerichts publizierten Leitentscheide (BGE) gehen den anderen Urteilen, die chronologisch geordnet sind, voraus
From party to pandemic – Frames and metaphors in the news coverage of the COVID-19 outbreak in Austria
Get PDFMedia framing facilitates people’s understanding of a threat and affects one’s emotional reaction. It therefore plays a vital role in both individual and societal responses to a public health crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a combination of conceptual metaphor analysis and qualitative frame analysis, this article examines how three Austrian newspapers framed the initial national outbreak of COVID-19 in March 2020. The results show that at that early stage, media coverage was primarily concerned with the national government’s political actions to contain the disease. Only a few articles framed the situation in terms of personal experiences and possible economic or social consequences. As has been the case in research reporting on other health crises, metaphors of war, journeys, and natural disasters were used to conceptualize the coronavirus pandemic. Yet, overall, the tone remained neutral, as the media framing was clearly aimed at passing on information and conveying a sense of urgency while at the same time trying to avoid scare tactics
Experience, Affect, and Attitude: On Biographical Spaces of Experience, Affective Attitudes, and Political Potentials
No full textDie Frage nach affektiven Anteilen von Haltungen, ihren emanzipatorischen wie antiemanzipatorischen Potentialen, rückt in den Vordergrund, wenn in Krisenzeiten rationale Einstellungsdimensionen zurückgedrängt werden, Zustimmungswerte zur Demokratie sinken und menschenfeindliche Einstellungen zunehmen, während gleichzeitig verstärkte Akte der Solidarität zu beobachten sind. Der Beitrag geht davon aus, dass ein durch biographische Erfahrungen geprägtes Selbst- und Weltverhältnis auf der affektiven Ebene eine je spezifische Ansprechbarkeit nach sich zieht, in der zum Ausdruck kommt, was ich in meiner Forschung mit dem Arbeitsbegriff der affektiven Haltung zu fassen suche. Im Zentrum des Artikels steht ein biographisch-narratives Interview, die darin geschilderten Erlebnisräume, Affekte und daran anschließenden (politischen) Handlungspotentiale. Unter Rückgriff auf theoretische Bezüge zu Habitus (Bourdieu), Interaktionsformen (Lorenzer) und affektiver Intentionalität (Slaby) wird der Entstehung entsprechender affektiver Haltungen nachgegangen. Mithilfe des Konzepts der Provinzialität (Belina; Adorno) werden dabei sozialisierende Eigenschaften der Erfahrungsräume in den Blick genommen und es wird nachgezeichnet, welche Spuren sie im (affektiven) Erleben des Interviewpartners hinterlassen.The issue of the affective components of attitudes, their emancipatory and anti-emancipatory potential, becomes more important when rational attitudes are pushed back in times of crisis, approval ratings for democracy decline, and misanthropic attitudes increase, while at the same time more acts of solidarity can be observed. The article assumes that a relationship to the self and the world shaped by biographical experiences entails a specific responsiveness on the affective level, which expresses what I try to capture in my research with the working concept of affective attitude. At the center of the article is a biographical-narrative interview: the spaces of experience, affects, and the subsequent (political) potential for action described therein. Drawing on theoretical references to habitus (Bourdieu), forms of interaction (Lorenzer), and affective intentionality (Slaby), the emergence of corresponding affective attitudes is explored. Utilizing the concept of provinciality (Belina; Adorno), socializing characteristics of the experiential spaces are examined and the traces they leave behind in the (affective) experience of the Interviewee are outlined