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Needlestick injuries and related occupational accidents with sharp objects in a dental school: a retrospective analysis over 5 years
No full textThe aim of this study was to retrospectively summarize all occupational incidents involving sharp objects, including needlestick injuries and scalpel blade cuts, reported among dental personnel and dental students at the University Center for Dental Medicine Basel (UZB) over a 5-year period, from 2019 to 2023. These incidents were documented by the UZB Human Resources Department. The information recorded included the two groups (dental personnel, i.e. dentists and dental assistants; dental students) as well as the gender and age of the person. The annual incidence ranged from five to 15 for dental personnel and from two to five for dental students. The mean incidence over the 5-year period was 4.4%. No statistically significant differences were observed between years (p = 0.48), sexes (p = 0.57), or groups (p = 0.99). The highest pooled annual incidence was observed in 2020 with a value of 5.8%. The highest incidence for dental personnel was 6.4% in 2020 and 6.4% in 2019 for dental students. Given the regular occurrence of sharp injuries, it is necessary to implement additional protective measures to further reduce the incidence of such accidents
Qui fabrique l’information scientifique au Québec? Analyse du portrait des journalistes scientifiques 2023: Who produces scientific information in Quebec? Analysis of the profiles of science journalists in 2023
Full text linkCet article présente un portrait des journalistes scientifiques québécois en soulignant les éléments de l’identité et les rôles professionnels de cette spécialité journalistique. Il se fonde sur des réponses à un sondage mené en 2023 auprès de 39 journalistes scientifiques qui résident ou travaillent au Québec. Les données suggèrent que ce segment est majoritairement féminin, relativement âgé et très éduqué. Les résultats révèlent une dualité dans la configuration du marché de travail au Québec. La base de la pyramide salariale est composée surtout par des journalistes indépendants qui gagnent moins que leurs pairs qui travaillent dans d’autres spécialités. Au sommet de cette pyramide se placent les journalistes scientifiques qui ont un emploi permanent généralement dans le système public de radio et télévision. Le rôle de courroie de transmission, responsable de traduire des informations scientifiques à destination d’un public non spécialisé, domine le segment des journalistes scientifiques. Les résultats suggèrent une diversification des rôles secondaires, avec un poids relativement important attribué par les répondants aux dimensions de décideur de l’ordre du jour, chien de garde, connecteur et amuseur. Cet article innove en proposant une typologie des rôles professionnels adaptée au segment du journalisme scientifique.This article presents a profile of science journalists in Quebec, highlighting the identity and professional roles of this “segment” of journalism. It is based on responses to a survey conducted in 2023 among 39 science journalists living or working in Quebec. The data suggest a predominantly female, relatively old, and highly educated segment. The results reveal a duality in the configuration of the labour market in Quebec. At the base of the salary pyramid are mainly freelance journalists, who earn less than their counterparts in other segments of journalism. Science journalists, who have permanent jobs mainly in the public broadcasting system, are at the top of the pyramid. Within the segment of science journalists, the role of conductor, responsible for translating scientific information for a non-specialist audience, emerges as dominant. The results suggest a diversification of secondary roles, with respondents giving relatively high weight to the dimensions of agenda-setter, watchdog, connector, and entertainer. This article breaks new ground by proposing a typology of professional roles adapted to the science journalism segment
"Hello Hackis, stay at home!" A standardised content analysis on the representation of politics and COVID-19 in German entertainment podcasts
No full textThe use of podcasts has grown steadily in recent years, with entertainment podcasts in particular becoming increasingly popular. However, the content of these podcasts remains largely unexplored. This is notable because regular listeners may develop parasocial relationships with podcast hosts, whereby the content conveyed may influence attitudes and behaviour. These potential effects are particularly important in times of socio-political crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study therefore uses a standardised content analysis to examine how often political content was addressed in three popular German entertainment podcasts and how the COVID-19 pandemic was framed. The analysis shows that political content accounts for up to 15 percent of the content discussed in entertainment podcasts. It is also clear that four thematic issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic dominated the podcasts: political discussion, pragmatic proposal, critical criticism and solution-oriented recommendation. Overall, it is clear that the podcast hosts identified the population\u27s handling of the policy measures to combat the pandemic as the dominant problem, and therefore they regularly addressed recommendations for action directly to the population, some of which they underpinned with personal experiences. This shows that popular German entertainment podcasts supported the political measures taken and held the population more accountable than journalistic reporting
Enhancing Children\u27s Understanding of Diseases Through Visualised Medical Metaphors: The Role of Medifoor
No full textIt is generally assumed that children process visualised information better than verbal or written information. To leverage this, we developed and validated visualised narrative medical metaphors (Medifoors) as communication tools for asthma and constipation to support paediatricians in simplifying their explanations. In this mixed-method study, we compared the effects of Medifoor-based explanations on children’s and parental self-reported understanding and children’s recall of disease explanation. This mixed-method study took place between May and July 2022 in Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands. Eighteen children aged 8 to 18 years with symptoms of asthma or constipation, and their parents/caregivers, were included. Compared to the standard verbal explanation, more children reported improved understanding of their disease (2/10 vs. 7/8) and treatment (2/10 vs. 4/8) when Medifoors were used. While the small sample size limits generalisability, these findings suggest that visualised narrative metaphors (Medifoor) may enhance children’s understanding and recall of medical information. However, these findings should be confirmed in further research with larger cohorts
Information on Integration: Administrative Offerings & Immigrant Engagement —An Explorative Large-N Analysis of the \u27Integreat\u27 Platform in Germany
No full textWhich topics do local administrations focus on when providing refugees and other immigrants with information about their first steps after arrival – and how well are they received? These questions are particularly important in federal systems, where regions bear significant responsibility for integration efforts, despite limited resources and a complex network of offices to navigate. This study explores “Integreat”, Germany’s largest multilingual information platform designed to facilitate integration at the district and city levels. Using the platform’s full website visit history from 2018–2024, it analyzes several million records from 100+ participating regions. Results document significant differences in the thematic focus across districts. While some topics, such as work and training, are widely available, others are much less frequently covered. Multivariate analyses comparing topic availability and the likelihood of visiting related pages reveal several key insights. Pages offering immediate practical value (opening hours; mobility) are highly visited when available, yet absent in many districts. Topics related to acquiring essential skills or knowledge (e.g., language learning) show intense engagement relative to supply and users readily navigate detailed pages to access them. Finally, engagement differs across translations (e.g., Arabic, Ukrainian) for given topic availability, reflecting the diverse needs of different immigrant groups. The work concludes by deriving implications for administrative practice and noting the potential of these data for further descriptive and inferential research on refugee and immigrant integration
Evaluating Text-to-Image Platforms\u27 Content Moderation During the 2024 US Presidential Election
No full textHow do generative AI platforms’ content moderation policies handle the creation of political deepfakes? We evaluate how AI platforms mitigate this risk using an automated pipeline for politically diverse, externally valid evaluations of text-to-image (T2I) systems during the 2024 US Presidential election. Our system transformed media references to candidates into prompts for generative AI systems and sent prompts to three prominent T2I platforms each week for the final three months of the 2024 campaign. We first show that the platforms took fundamentally different approaches to content moderation, with little consistency in blocking behavior between platforms. We then show that there is little consistency in the blocking behavior within platforms over time. Almost no prompts were blocked in every week of our collection and Stability AI allowed almost all prompts featuring political figures until a sudden change two weeks before the 2024 election. Our findings highlight the importance of developing scalable context-specific approaches to monitoring T2I platforms
Information Overload and Information Appreciation Across News, Entertainment, and Personal Communication: Scale Development and Application
No full textThe advent of digital information communication technologies (ICTs) has created an unprecedented abundance of information across news, entertainment, personal communication, and other media contexts. While prior research has emphasized negative outcomes such as information overload, positive responses to abundance remain underexplored. To address this gap, we developed and validated the Information Overload and Information Appreciation Scale (IOIAS) using a mixed-methods design that combined focus groups and two surveys in German-speaking Switzerland (N = 2,049). The IOIAS captures both negative experiences of overload and positive experiences of appreciation, providing a tool to compare these responses consistently across different media contexts. Applying the instrument, we found that appreciation for abundance was about twice as common as overload in news, entertainment, and personal communication. Contextual differences were modest: overload was slightly more frequent in news, while appreciation peaked in personal communication. More pronounced differences emerged across age, with younger people reporting higher levels of both overload and appreciation, whereas gender, education, and income differences were minimal. Overall, the findings suggest that while overload is a real concern for some, appreciation constitutes a more widespread response to information abundance. Thereby, overload and appreciation are not opposites but can co-occur, underscoring the ambivalent ways in which people experience today’s information-rich environments
Review of Wilhelm, Raymund (2024): Le tradizioni discorsive. Dalle norme comunicative alla storia della lingua
No full textHealth insurance and socioeconomic disparities in childhood caries: impact on prevalence, treatment, and recurrence in a Swiss private practice
No full textSocial inequalities are strongly associated with disparities in oral health, particularly in the development of childhood caries. This 4-year cohort study analyzed the impact of socioeconomic status (SES)- defined on the basis of the health insurance type- on the prevalence, treatment, and recurrence of dental caries in children. A total of 198 children (21 with social insurance, 177 with private insurance) were included. Caries prevalence at baseline was significantly higher in children with social insurance (95 % with >4 caries) compared to those with private insurance (29 % with >4 caries). No children with social insurance were caries-free, whereas 35 % of those with private insurance were caries-free. Pulpotomy and extraction needs were higher in the socially insured group, with 43 % requiring pulpotomies and 62 % requiring extractions, compared to 12 % and 10 %, respectively, in the privately insured group. General anesthesia (GA) use was more frequent in the socially insured group (72 % vs. 13 %), especially among younger children (100 % of 2-4 years old vs. 25 % in the private insurance group). In contrast, conventional anesthesia was more frequently used in the private insurance group (31 % vs. 14 %). Recall appointments were less frequent in the socially insured group, with 24% having no follow-up, compared to 12 % in the privately insured group. Caries recurrence was higher in the socially insured group (62 % had >3 new carious lesions) compared to the privately insured group, where 38 % of children had no new caries at follow-up. These findings highlight the impact of SES on caries burden, treatment modalities, and the importance of preventive measures for disadvantaged groups