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“We Recognise the Value of Animal Experimentation, but we Recognise the Value of Animals as well”: Qualitative Insights on the Conflicting Experiences of Researchers on the Implementation of the 3Rs in Switzerland
No full textThe practice of animal experimentation leads to conflicting obligations experienced by laboratory staff, e.g. regarding the dual status of laboratory animals or the severity of procedures versus the societal benefit of research. This generates ethical tensions that may remain unresolved and directly impact the implementation of best practices in animal research, in particular regarding the 3R principles (replace, reduce, refine). In this study, we conducted 35 semi-structured interviews with Swiss researchers working in public institutions. Following a qualitative analysis through reflexive thematic analysis, we identified two broad categories of conflicting experiences in relation to the implementation of the 3Rs: (1) Loyalty conflicts between their professional obligation to advance science, their own career, and to care for animals; (2) Conflicting personal attitudes on how researchers relate to animals, perceive the 3Rs, and perceive transparency. This empirical mapping of experiences lived by researchers shows the complex nature of dilemmas in this setting and the specificities of this stakeholder group. Conversely, it also uncovers how researchers cope with these dilemmas, which can help to design more targeted ethical research on the topic. These insights call for further ethical and legal guidance to provide better axiological clarity in this context
Mapping Digital Campaign Strategies: How Political Candidates Use Social Media to Communicate Constituency Connection and Policy Stance
No full textSocial media have become a crucial tool for candidates seeking election, allowing them to build a public profile by posting curated content to appeal to potential voters. Focusing on the 2020 Irish General Election, this study investigates how candidates used Twitter to signal their campaign efforts and policy positions, and how their communicative priorities varied based on their gender, competitiveness, and political experience. To do so, we first demonstrate that a transformer-based machine-learning approach based on sentence embeddings can successfully identify social media posts that contain policy and electioneering content. Our findings show that experienced candidates are more likely to emphasise policy-related content than less experienced ones. This pattern also holds for electioneering content when we account for previous engagement with such posts. Contrary to our pre-registered expectations, we find no meaningful differences in the emphasis on electioneering or policy content based on candidates\u27 gender or electoral competitiveness. Overall, our results demonstrate how candidates strategically use social media to shape their public personas during election campaigns in Ireland\u27s candidate-centred electoral system, with multi-member constituencies and strict campaign spending limits
Klassiker der Reformation neu gelesen: Huldrych Zwingli, "Der Hirte" (1524)
No full textNo abstract available.No abstract available
Reflexe paduanischer Universitätsphilosophie bei Durich Chiampell
No full textAt the beginning of a treatise written for the Graubünden Synod of 1577 to falsify the derivation of sin from a Scotist understanding of God’s omnipotence, as it had become known in the Lower Engadine through two Italian Capuchins who had converted to the Reformation, but continued the way of Franciscan thinking, the Engadine reformer Durich Chiampell polemizes against old and new Epicureans. While the latter were characterized by the reception of the original Epicureanism on the basis of the Lucretius manuscript discovered by Poggio Bracciolini during the Council of Constance, the term “old Epicureans” refers back to an expansion of meaning that the term had experienced through its transfer to radical Aristotelianism, which had been challenging official orthodoxy since the 13th century. In nearby Padua it persisted until the 17th century and from there spread to Graubünden in a variety of forms.At the beginning of a treatise written for the Graubünden Synod of 1577 to falsify the derivation of sin from a Scotist understanding of God’s omnipotence, as it had become known in the Lower Engadine through two Italian Capuchins who had converted to the Reformation, but continued the way of Franciscan thinking, the Engadine reformer Durich Chiampell polemizes against old and new Epicureans. While the latter were characterized by the reception of the original Epicureanism on the basis of the Lucretius manuscript discovered by Poggio Bracciolini during the Council of Constance, the term “old Epicureans” refers back to an expansion of meaning that the term had experienced through its transfer to radical Aristotelianism, which had been challenging official orthodoxy since the 13th century. In nearby Padua it persisted until the 17th century and from there spread to Graubünden in a variety of forms
Manfred Svensson, The Aristotelian Tradition in Early Modern Protestantism: Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Commentaries on the Ethics and the Politics, 2024
No full textNo abstract available.No abstract availabl
Briefkultur der Reformationszeit, hg. von Johannes Schilling, 2023
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Sara Janner, Zwischen Machtanspruch und Autoritätsverlust: Zur Funktion von Religion und Kirchlichkeit in Politik und Selbstverständnis des konservativen alten Bürgertums im Basel des 19. Jahrhunderts, 2012
No full textNo abstract available.No abstract available
«Du sollst deinen Nächsten lieben und deinen Feind hassen»
Full text link«Ihr habt gehört, dass gesagt worden ist: Du sollst deinen Nächsten lieben und deinen Feind hassen.» Der matthäische Jesus setzt dagegen: «Ich aber sage euch: Liebt eure Feinde und betet für die, welche euch verfolgen. So werdet ihr Kinder eures Vaters im Himmel, weil er seine Sonne aufgehen lässt über Böse und Gute und es regnen lässt über Gerechte und Ungerechte.» (Mt 5,43–45) Die letzte der sogenannten Antithesen in der Bergpredigt des Matthäusevangeliums gilt, so Ulrich Luz in seinem Evangelienkommentar, als «einer der zentralsten christlichen Texte». Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird versucht, über einige Fragen nachzudenken, mit denen das Gebot der Feindesliebe uns konfrontiert. 1. Was ist gemeint mit der Aufforderung, den Nächsten zu lieben? 2. Wer hat gesagt, dass wir unsere Feinde hassen sollen? 3. Wie ist der Gottesbezug zu verstehen, mit dem begründet wird, dass wir unsere Feinde lieben sollen? 4. Wie könnten wir das Gebot der Feindesliebe verstehen
Toxic Hazard? The Challenge of Developing Theory- and Evidence-Based Messages for the Prevention of Child Poisoning Accidents
No full textChild poisoning accidents are a serious public health problem that could significantly be reduced by adopting preventive measures. This raises the question of how communication campaigns can address caregivers to increase the likelihood of performing preventive behaviours that may reduce childhood accidents. To develop evidence-based interventions, we first developed a theory-based model for explaining the intention to prevent child poisoning accidents based on determinants of pre-existing models. The model was tested among a quota sampled survey of parents of children under seven years in Germany (Study 1, N = 1,013). The attitude towards preventing poisoning accidents and the perceived behavioural control (PBC) showed the strongest relationship with the intention. Furthermore, behavioural and control beliefs based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) were identified and experimentally addressed in Study 2 (N = 550) to examine effects on attitude, PBC, and intention. Addressing these beliefs did not affect the dependent variables. However, there was a relationship between the respective beliefs, attitudes, and the PBC. Furthermore, attitude and PBC were strongly related to the intention. The results suggest that in the communication of child accident prevention, addressing the attitude towards preventive behaviour, the PBC, and risk perception may be useful