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First results of the Auger Radio Infill SKALA Extension (ARISE)
No full textRadio detection of extensive air showers has become a powerful technique for studying high-energy cosmic rays. To further enhance these measurements, the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina, one of the world`s largest cosmic-ray experiments, has been upgraded with radio antenna stations. This upgrade aims to improve the precision of air-shower energy measurements in the energy range of several tens of PeV and above.
Within this framework, a new experiment, ARISE (``Auger Radio Infill SKALA Extension\u27\u27), has been deployed at the Pierre Auger Observatory. ARISE consists of six stations, each comprising three SKALA antennas installed around a surface detector in the denser infill region.
This presentation will present first air-shower measurements from ARISE recorded in coincidence with the Auger surface detector array
A review on the advances in non-application specific laboratory automation
No full textAutomation is dominating industries with high-throughput processes. Recently automation began gradually to make its way into laboratories in the biochemical, biotechnological and pharmaceutical sectors. For laboratory employees and researchers, it is therefore difficult to keep an overview of the rapid progress of new technologies in this field. Often, they are only aware of the application specific solutions required in their environment. The aim of this work is to review advances of non-application specific laboratory automation in biochemical, analytical and biotechnological laboratories. An insight into the essential hardware and software infrastructure required for non-application specific laboratory automation is provided, and existing state-of-the-art hardware and software technologies are elaborated. Emphasis is placed on the plug-and-play functionality of the different technologies and missing links comprising internal mechanical and control interfaces. Existing approaches to holistic workflow automation are considered according to their hardware- and software implementation. To sum up, this review investigates the state of the art comprising software and hardware technologies for use in holistic workflow automation. We identify criteria that pave the way for future developments and areas with optimization potential to enable plug-and-play functionality and thus cost-effective and rapid integration benefiting end users
Modelling of the effect of particle species on beam losses in W7-X
No full textIn Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X), future campaigns will include H, D and He as both NBI injection and target plasmas but, so far, only H injection and target plasmas have been extensively performed. The species effect on the beam-ion confinement and associated power loads has been studied with the ASCOT code to estimate the location and intensity of the hot spots. For this analysis, standard, high and low mirror configurations were considered to provide results covering the variation of the mirror term most likely to affect the beam-ion behaviour. Beam-ion losses were highest for D beams and lowest for He beams. Changing the target plasma from hydrogenic species to helium also produced higher losses. Hot-spot analysis showed peak loads up to 3 MW m−2 for D beams, with 1 MW m−2 and 0.1 MW m−2 for H and He beams,
respectively. Losses were predominantly to carbon components independent of the mirror term.
This is particularly apparent for the low-mirror configuration, showing that 97%–99% of the power loads avoid the more delicate steel components. The results of the helium injection and target plasmas can be validated against experimental results in the upcoming campaign to support the results for the deuterium modelling
Editorial: The phenomenon of misinformation in different domains and by various disciplines
No full textThis editorial has two main goals: first, to introduce the manuscripts that comprise the Research Topic (see Research Topic), and second, to offer provocative suggestions intended to stimulate the debate on misinformation research (see Outstanding Questions). After reading the editorial, readers will have all they need to navigate the papers, and they will be prompted to form a new and original take on misinformation
Werkstoff- und Prozessanalyse zur Herstellung keramischer Werkstoffverbunde mittels badbasierter Photopolymerisation (VPP-LED)
No full textAufgrund ihrer besonderen Eigenschaften, wie einer hohen mechanischen Festigkeit und chemischen Beständigkeit, werden Keramiken in vielfältigen Anwendungen eingesetzt. Die Additive Fertigung, insbesondere mittels badbasierter Photopolymerisation (VPP), bietet neue Möglichkeiten zur Herstellung komplexer und individualisierter Keramikkomponenten. Eine vielversprechende Weiterentwicklung ist das Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing (MMAM), welches die Kombination verschiedener Materialien in einem Bauteil zum Ziel hat. Dadurch sollen die Bauteileigenschaften verbessert und neue Anwendungen erschlossen werden. Dazu ist es notwendig, die Materialien gezielt aufeinander abzustimmen und die Wechselwirkungen entlang der Prozesskette zu berücksichtigen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden daher Werkstoff- und Prozessanalysen durchgeführt und die Ergebnisse exemplarisch zur Herstellung keramischer Werkstoffverbunde mittels badbasierter Photopolymerisation angewendet. Dazu wird in einer Werkstoffauswahl ein vielversprechendes Werkstoffcluster, das sowohl synergetische Eigenschaften als auch ein hohes Potenzial zur gemeinsamen Verarbeitung entlang der VPP-Prozesskette aufweist, identifiziert. Es werden ein Bindersystem entwickelt, das mit nur geringfügigen Modifikationen für die ausgewählten Werkstoffe anwendbar ist, und geeignete Belichtungseinstellungen für den VPP-Prozess ermittelt. Zur automatisierten Reinigung der Bauteile werden Reinigungsstationen aufgebaut und optimierte Reinigungsstrategien identifiziert. Ferner wird ein Temperaturprofil zum schädigungsfreien Entbindern ermittelt und in weiteren Untersuchungen das Schrumpfungsverhalten der Proben verschiedener Materialien und Füllstoffgehalte während des Sinterprozesses analysiert. Es wird insbesondere betrachtet, wie sich Abweichungen von den typischerweise angewendeten Sinterbedingungen auf die Dichte und die mechanischen Eigenschaften der Bauteile auswirken. Basierend darauf wird ein Temperaturprofil zum gemeinsamen Sintern der ausgewählten Materialien abgeleitet. Die so ermittelten Erkenntnisse werden abschließend zur Herstellung von Werkstoffverbunden eingesetzt. Dabei werden die Ansätze des Sinterfügens sowie des Multi-Material-VPP angewendet. Die Arbeit demonstriert auf Basis einer Werkstoff- und Prozessanalyse das Potenzial der keramischen Multi-Material-Fertigung mittels VPP und bildet eine Grundlage für weitere Optimierungen und spezifische Anwendungen von keramischen Werkstoffverbunden
Backcasting the Future of the Automotive Industry: Leveraging Digital Technologies for the Circular Economy
No full textThe automotive industry faces environmental challenges due to fossil fuels reliance and linear production models. Transitioning to a circular economy (CE) is essential for reducing emissions and achieving sustainability. This study uses backcasting to envision a circular automotive industry by 2050, aligned with the European Green Deal’s carbon neutrality objectives. Our envisioned future leverages digital technologies like AI, digital twins, and product passports to enhance data sharing, traceability, and decision making across the supply chain. We examine how these technologies improve lifecycle management of electric vehicles, enhance circularity in design and manufacturing, and ensure transparency from production to end-of-life. While these technologies extend product lifecycles and minimize waste, transitioning towards circularity presents challenges such as data sharing, emphasizing the need for collaborative industry platforms. By engaging key stakeholders, we developed a pathway from the current state to the envisioned circular future. Focusing on CE principles, the study seeks to foster a systemic shift towards circularity, bridging the gap between information systems and CE research. Strategic policy interventions and cooperative frameworks are recommended to enable the transition. The paper contributes insights into digitalization’s impact on CE, providing actionable strategies for industry stakeholders aiming to implement sustainable practices amid global resource constraints
Improved description of diffraction effects for phase contrast imaging with applications to magnetically confined fusion plasmas
No full textWe present an improved diffraction model for phase contrast imaging (PCI), relevant to the measurement of electron density fluctuations in magnetically confined fusion plasmas. The model applies to optical systems containing multiple special components, such as phase plates, localization masks, and apertures, connected by segments describable in terms of ray transfer matrices. Fresnel diffraction in the connecting segments may be described using linear canonical transforms, while the special components are characterized by their respective transfer functions. For a PCI system with ideal placement of the phase plate and localization mask, deviations between the Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction models are entirely determined by the distance from the diffraction plane to the object plane of the optical system. Application of the developed model to the synthetic PCI diagnostic at the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator shows minimal impact of diffraction on the DC detector power. However, significant amplitude modifications due to phase scintillation from diffraction are expected for high-wavenumber PCI sound wave calibration signals at W7-X, in qualitative agreement with the experimental observations. In contrast to previous expectations, diffraction is found to have only a small impact on the localization mask response characteristics at W7-X. Based on this observation, we show that the synthetic PCI mask response at W7-X can be reproduced by a model which only considers the signal at the beam center in the image plane without diffraction. We further use a similar model to reproduce the experimentally observed mask response from the DIII-D tokamak, indicating the general applicability of such models
Analysis of Complementary Load Profiles for Optimal Use of Power Flow Controllers in Low-Voltage Grid Areas
No full textPilot: Power-Aware Hybrid Fault Tolerance in Multi-Core Embedded Systems
No full textWith the advancement of technology size and the integration of multiple cores on a single chip, the probability of fault occurrence has increased. These faults can be transient or permanent, requiring techniques to manage both types. Hybrid fault tolerance techniques have emerged as effective solutions to handle both types. In this paper, we propose a power-aware hybrid fault tolerance (called Pilot). Our approach utilizes checkpointing with rollback-recovery and primary/backup techniques, tolerating two kinds of faults. Moreover, in real-time embedded systems, power consumption is a critical constraint that must be managed. To do this, we exploit the Thermal Safe Power (TSP) constraint for each processing core. Based on this constraint and the utilization of each core, tasks are mapped and scheduled, while guaranteeing the timing constraints. Our experimental results demonstrate that our proposed methods can meet the reliability target by tolerating the optimal number of fault occurrences in each task while reducing power consumption. Our proposed methods are compared to state-of-the-art techniques in terms of schedulability, power consumption, Quality of Service (QoS), energy consumption, and reliability. The peak power and energy consumption are reduced on average by 34.2% and 15.9%, respectively, the QoS is improved on average to 28.7%, and the schedulability is improved on average to 14.6% while satisfying the system reliability target
Tree diversity is changing across tropical Andean and Amazonian forests in response to global change
No full textClimate and atmospheric changes are impacting forest function and structure worldwide, but their effects on tropical forest diversity are unclear. Nowhere is the scientific challenge greater than in the Andes and the Amazon, which together include the world’s most diverse forests. Here, using 406 permanent plots spanning four decades of intact lowland and montane forest dynamics, we test for long-term change in species richness and assess the influence of climate and other variables. We show that, at a continental scale, species richness appears stable, but this masks substantial regional variation. Species richness increased in Northern Andean and Western Amazon plots, yet declined in the Central Andes, Guyana Shield and Central-Eastern Amazon. Overall, warmer, drier and more seasonal forests lost species, while those at higher elevations, in less fragmented areas and with faster rates of tree turnover experienced increases. Region-specific drivers, particularly precipitation seasonality and demographic factors, modulated these trends. The results highlight the diverse ways in which Amazon–Andes forests are changing and underscore the critical need to preserve large-scale ecosystem integrity to maintain local tree diversity. By doing so, Northern Andean forests in particular could serve as an important refuge for species increasingly displaced by climate change