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Atmospheric lifetime of sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) and five other trace gases in the BASCOE model driven by three reanalyses
No full textSteel construction facing societal challenges - Research, technical developments and structural solutions; Stahlbau vor gesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen-Forschung, technische Entwicklungen und bauliche Lösungen
No full textDer Stahlbau hat gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen stets begleitet, auch wegen seiner Fähigkeit, sich Anforderungen aus gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen anzupassen. Der vorliegende Aufsatz gibt beispielhaft Einblick in die vielfältigen Entwicklungen im Stahl- und Stahlverbundbau der letzten 25 Jahre. Dabei reicht das Spektrum vom Einsatz hoch- und höchstfester Stähle über integrale Lösungen im Hoch- und Brückenbau bis zu Innovationen in der Verbindungstechnik. Im Hochbau sind hierzu ökologisch nachhaltige und modulare Lösungen mit schneller Herstellung und einfacher Montage zu zählen. Darüber hinaus erfüllen moderne Stahl- beziehungsweise Stahlverbundbrücken besondere Anforderungen an einen raschen Bauablauf, Dauerhaftigkeit und Zuverlässigkeit angesichts eines stetig wachsenden Verkehrsaufkommens. An Beispielen wie unter anderem den Forschungsclustern Nasta und Hochfest wird gezeigt, wie Forschung zu den Entwicklungen beigetragen hat. Schließlich spielt die Normung eine besondere Rolle, denn sie ermöglicht unter anderem die sichere Anwendung neuer Forschungsergebnisse
Enhanced phase-transfer kinetics achieved by atomic iron catalysts on hard carbon toward low-temperature sodium-ion batteries
No full textCa-ion storage enhancement of Ca-pillared vanadium oxide using a malonic-assisted solution combustion process and a novel aqueous AC//Ca(NO₃)₂//CaVO/C hybrid cell
No full textGlass-Ceramic Lithium Thiophosphate Electrolytes with Enhanced Conductivity and (Chemo)mechanical Properties for All-Solid-State Batteries
No full textGenerative Models for Crystalline Materials
No full textUnderstanding structure-property relationships in materials is fundamental in condensed matter physics and materials science. Over the past few years, machine learning (ML) has emerged as a powerful tool for advancing this understanding and accelerating materials discovery. Early ML approaches primarily focused on constructing and screening large material spaces to identify promising candidates for various applications. More recently, research efforts have increasingly shifted toward generating crystal structures using end-to-end generative models. This review analyzes the current state of generative modeling for crystal structure prediction and de novo generation. It examines crystal representations, outlines the generative models used to design crystal structures, and evaluates their respective strengths and limitations. Furthermore, the review highlights experimental considerations for evaluating generated structures and provides recommendations for suitable existing software tools. Emerging topics, such as modeling disorder and defects, integration in advanced characterization, incorporating synthetic feasibility constraints, and model explainability are explored. Ultimately, this work aims to inform both experimental scientists looking to adapt suitable ML models to their specific circumstances and ML specialists seeking to understand the unique challenges related to inverse materials design and discovery
„Sind wir auf dem Weg in die neofeudale Technokratie?“ – KIT Zeithistoriker Rolf-Ulrich Kunze zur Krise der liberalen Demokratie - Campus-Report vom 17. März 2026
No full textDie Demokratie steckt in der Krise. Nicht nur hierzulande sondern rund um den Globus. Und es gibt einen Verdacht: könnte es sein, dass der technologische Fortschritt damit zu tun hat? Überfordern die sich beschleunigenden technischen Revolutionen die Menschen? Sind es die immer perfekteren Instrumente der Naturbeherrschung, die zu der so ungleichen Verteilung des Reichtums geführt haben? Die politische und ökonomische Machtfülle der globalen Tech-Konzerne im amerikanischen Silicon Valley legt das zumindest nahe. Der deutsche Politikwissenschaftler Dirk Jörke und sein amerikanischer Kollege Benjamin Studebaker haben eine Studie zum Verhältnis von technologischer Modernisierung und liberaler Demokratie vorgelegt, die verstören muss: das Versprechen von Freiheit durch Technik gilt nicht mehr, lautet ihre These. Unerlässliche Vorbedingungen für funktionierende demokratische Aushandlungsprozesse werden durch die wie Naturkatastrophen über die Menschen hereinbrechenden Technikrevolutionen zerstört. Der Triumphzug der so genannten generativen Künstlichen Intelligenz ist dabei nur ein Beispiel. An die Stelle des Glaubens an den Fortschritt ist das Schreckgespenst einer neofeudalen Technokratie getreten.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1368431025139391
When mayflies have an erection: functional morphology of the genitalia in Ecdyonurus (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae)
No full textThe aerial copulation of the mayfly Ecdyonurus venosus (Fabricius, 1775) and Ecdyonurus submontanus Landa, 1969 is described based on SEM, dissections, histological serial sections, and µ-CT. The abdomina of a pair in copula and a resting male specimen are reconstructed, with emphasis on sclerites, musculature and associated muscles of the genitalia and the male gonopods. The resulting models reveal a change in penis configuration while the penis is located inside the female vestibulum. This change is facilitated by a pair of intrinsic penis muscles. Its action leads to a depression of the penis shaft sclerite, which is associated with an upward rotation of the penis lobes and the eversion of a pair of spike-like titillators. Once exposed inside the female vestibulum, the penes are slightly moved dorsally. This movement is facilitated by a pair of extrinsic penis muscles. Thereby, the everted titillators are pricking into the female intersegmental membrane between sternites VII and VIII. In this way, the titillators act as an anchoring device, fixing the penes within the female vestibulum and enlarging the latter during copulation. The evolutionary implications of these findings are discussed, and a new nomenclature for the copulatory organs is proposed
Life cycle assessment of grid-scale battery storage: evaluating the environmental competitiveness of sodium-ion systems
No full textThe large-scale deployment of stationary battery storage is critical for enabling renewable energy integration, yet life cycle assessments (LCAs) of these systems often overlook the contributions of balance-of-system (BOS) components. This study establishes a life cycle inventory (LCI) model for two container storage systems (CSSs), a liquid-cooled and an air-cooled system. Consequently, a full LCA is carried out with four different cell types, focusing on sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). The resource and environmental impacts of all BOS subsystems, including containers, thermal management systems (TMSs), power converters, control systems and auxiliary components, are investigated in detail. The results show that BOS components contribute between 32 and 58% of impacts in global warming potential (GWP) and 63–88% in resource use, minerals and metals, emphasizing their significant role in the sustainability of grid-scale storage. Due to its high demand for copper and steel, a transformer is particularly important in this regard. However, the environmental impact attributable to its production can be reduced through correct dimensioning and adequate recycling. It is further shown that SIBs are competitive with lithium-ion batteries in CSSs with regard to environmental impacts, despite their lower energy densities. By shedding light on previously underexplored system elements, this work provides a robust foundation for more comprehensive LCAs of containerized battery storage solutions and enables more informed design, scaling, and policy decisions for future energy systems
Comparative Analysis of MgCl₂ (Salt PCM) and Aluminum (Metallic PCM) for Melting and Solidification Performance in Latent Heat Storage
No full textNext-generation concentrated solar power systems require thermal energy storage technologies capable of reliable operation above 600 °C. This study numerically compares aluminum as a metallic phase change material (PCM) and MgCl₂ as a salt PCM (enhanced with perforated fins) in a shell-and-tube TES unit using liquid sodium as the heat transfer fluid. Simulations were carried out with the enthalpy-porosity method in ANSYS Fluent 2024R2. Contrary to assumptions in the literature, natural convection is not negligible during melting or solidification of aluminum, underlining the need to account for convection in metallic PCM modeling. Results further show that for aluminum, melting and solidification times are almost identical, with only a 7-minute difference, and the overall phase change is nearly twice as fast as MgCl₂. Moreover, the obtained outlet temperature profiles ensure suitable operating conditions for turbines, while the nearly constant heat flux trend approximates steady-state system behavior