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Video-based motion capture smartphone applications for testing human motor performance skills: A scoping review
No full textBackground: Good motor performance skills (MPS) are relevant in all stages of life. Higher MPS are associated with enhanced cognitive abilities and physical and mental health. The assessment of MPS is important to identify deficits in MPS at an early stage and to implement interventions to address these deficits. One method to assess MPS is through marker-based motion capture in a laboratory setting with multiple cameras. However, this approach is expensive and time-consuming, making it impractical, for example, in large-scale studies for MPS assessment. Recent advancements (eg, artificial intelligence) in technology (eg, smartphone cameras) have opened up innovative solutions for various challenges (eg, testing large sample sizes). A potential solution is using video-based smartphone apps to assess MPS through markerless motion capture with a single camera.
Objective: The objectives of this scoping review were to summarize existing smartphone apps designed to digitally assess MPS through motion capture, identify the target population of the apps, determine whether the apps have been validated, and summarize the specific MPS that were assessed.
Methods: The scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. The search was conducted in March 2024 using PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Education Resources Information Centre, and SAGE Publications. All included studies investigated video-based motion capture smartphone apps to assess MPS.
Results: A total of 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. Seven different smartphone apps were used within the studies, 6 of which have already been validated. The MPS assessed through the apps were gait, breaststroke, running, countermovement jump, and shoulder mobility, and 1 study assessed a functional movement test battery. The studied populations were healthy adults, older adults, athletes, or individuals with neurological illnesses.
Conclusions: The assessment of MPS through smartphone apps represents a promising tool, which can be used in a variety of fields, such as health and performance monitoring, coaching, and scientific research. In the future, more studies should focus on developing new smartphone apps to assess different MPS and validate these apps
Measurement of event shapes in minimum-bias events from proton-proton collisions at = 13 TeV
No full textA measurement of event-shape variables is presented, using a data sample produced in a special run with approximately one inelastic proton-proton collision per bunch crossing. The data were collected with the CMS detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 64 μb
. A number of observables related to the overall distribution of charged particles in the collisions are corrected for detector effects and compared with simulations. Inclusive event-shape distributions, as well as differential distributions of event shapes as functions of charged-particle multiplicity, are studied. None of the models investigated are able to satisfactorily describe the data. Moreover, there are significant features common amongst all generator setups studied, particularly showing data being more isotropic than any of the simulations. Multidimensional unfolded distributions are provided, along with their correlations
Experimental investigations on the load-bearing behaviour of the preloaded hybrid connection under variation of overlap length and number of bolts
No full textFatigue-loaded steel structures, such as bridges and thin-walled mechanically joined towers, are preferably executed with slip-resistant connections, as these exhibit high fatigue resistance due to their frictional load transmission. However, the transferable shear loads are limited by the slip factor and the preload level in the bolts. By additionally applying adhesive to the friction surfaces, the preloaded hybrid connection – in literature also called hybrid bonded bolted joint - is formed, resulting in a significant increase in load capacity while maintaining constant deformability. Based on experimental investigations, this paper expands existing knowledge regarding the influence of overlap length and the number of bolts in a row on the load-bearing behaviour of the preloaded hybrid connection
Processing Optimization of the New Steel Grade 45SiCrV9Ni for Modern Leaf Springs in Battery Electric Vehicles
No full textThe optimization of battery electric vehicles requires advanced high-strength steels that combine ductility and toughness, enabling lightweight leaf spring constructions with improved performance. This study investigates processing optimization by comparing the newly developed 45SiCrV9Ni, previously identified as promising for stress peening and fatigue, with the conventional 51CrV4 as a benchmark. Dilatometric, mechanical, and microstructural analyses were conducted in as-supplied and heat-treated conditions. Both steels show excellent high-temperature ductility, making them suitable for hot forming under similar conditions. However, 45SiCrV9Ni requires a higher temperature for homog-enized austenitization. After tempering, it consistently exhibits superior hardness and toughness compared to 51CrV4. Importantly, its ductility remains nearly constant over a wide tempering temperature range, allowing lower ones to be chosen without compromising strength or toughness, offering additional energy-saving possibilities. These results highlight the potential of 45SiCrV9Ni for leaf spring applications
Euratom project Dorado: Applying digital twins and dedicated ontology for robot assisted decommissioning operations
No full textData Sharing as a stepping stone for emerging additive manufacturing ecosystems
No full textAdditive manufacturing (AM), the layer-wise construction of parts based on a digital product model, is approaching a new state of maturity. Even though this technology should decouple and simplify supply networks, the literature posits the development of intricate AM ecosystems. A literature review reveals that this is primarily driven by data-related tasks and associated data-sharing activities. In a qualitative study we elicited insights into real-life AM ecosystems and data-sharing relationships. We condense the answers to data sharing use cases and associated data profiles. A deeper look reveals that there are smaller “sub-ecosystems” with differentiated roles, data formats, and even certification. Together, the data profiles, use cases and sub-ecosystems form a conceptual model for describing and discussing AM ecosystems. Our results leave us with the conclusion that we observed a complex business ecosystem in the process of maturing with various opportunities for both existing and future use cases and business models
Benchtop NMR Signal Enhancement of Metabolites in Urine Extract using SABRE - Data
No full textMetabolites in a urine extract are signal-enhanced by SABRE hyperpolarization and detected using a benchtop NMR spectrometer. Quantification by standard addition is demonstrated for endogenic urinary nicotinamide (vitamin B3). Even higher sensitivity is achieved in an automated setup for multi-scan SABRE experiments. This hyperpolarization scheme is able to expedite biomarker detection and quantification, while maintaining low infrastructural requirements
SSZ‐13‐Zeolith mit Isolierten Co‐Zentren als ein Effizientes und Beständiges Katalysatorsystem für die Nichtoxidative Ethandehydrierung
No full textDie nichtoxidative Ethandehydrierung (EDH) ist eine attraktive Methode für die zielgerichtete Herstellung von Ethen. Es bleibt jedoch schwierig, mit Katalysatoren auf Basis von in der Erdkruste reichlich vorkommenden Metallen eine hohe Aktivität und insbesondere eine hohe Beständigkeit zu erreichen. In dieser Arbeit stellen wir das Co/SSZ-13-System mit ausschließlich zweiwertigen Kobaltionen (Co2+) vor, welches die oben genannten Anforderungen erfüllt. Mithilfe komplementärer Charakterisierungsmethoden konnten zwei Co2+-Spezies nachgewiesen werden: Co2+–Z2 in den sechsgliedrigen Ringfenstern und [Co(OH)]+-Z in den achtgliedrigen Ringfenstern, wobei Z für ein geladenes Zentrum des Zeolithgerüsts steht. Eine quantitative Korrelation zwischen der Ethenbildungsgeschwindigkeit und der Zentrenbesetzung bestätigt Co2+ Z2 als die aktive Spezies. Die strukturelle und elektronische Stabilität dieser wurde mittels In-situ-Röntgenabsorptionsspektroskopie unter Hochtemperaturreaktionsbedingungen bestätigt. Der optimierte 0.9Co/SSZ-13-Katalysator(0.9Co) war über 200 Dehydrierungs-/oxidativen Regenerationszyklen bei 600–650 °C besonders beständig und arbeitete 150 Stunden mit industriell relevanter Produktivität. In dieser Hinsicht übertrifft der Katalysator alle zuvor entwickelten Katalysatoren, einschließlich solcher, die Platin als aktive Komponente enthalten. Die diskutierten Ergebnisse legen die Ursachen der EDH-Aktivität/Beständigkeit des Co/SSZ-13-Systems auf atomarer Ebene offen und unterstreichen die zentrale Rolle der Position der Metallzentren im Zeolithgerüst für die Entwicklung von hochaktiven, selektiven und beständigen Katalysatoren für die zielgerichtete Ethenproduktion
High-Resolution Spatiotemporal Monitoring of Secondary Microseisms via Multi-Array Analysis
No full textThis study presents a workflow to monitor spatiotemporal variations of the secondary microseisms using multi-array analysis. We employ ambient-noise cross-correlation beamforming (CC beamforming) across three dense seismic networks with different instrument responses: ANTICS in Albania (nodal-geophone and broadband), Hi-net in Japan (short-period) and SCSN (broadband) in Southern California. Independent of their instrumentation, these networks enable us to track the spatial and temporal evolution of secondary microseism sources in the Northern Hemisphere from autumn 2022 to spring 2023. The workflow involves continuous data pre-processing for different instrumented sensors, ambient-noise cross-correlation, beamforming and beam-power back-projection into a global map. We also propose sliding-window raw-data beamforming (RA beamforming) for the continuous broad-band data in this workflow to record the absolute amplitudes of secondary microseisms recorded by ANTICS. Joint CC beamforming analysis across the three different networks improves the resolution of ambient-noise source localization and displays high consistency with the equivalent vertical force at the ocean floor. The results indicate that secondary microseism sources in the Northern Hemisphere are predominantly driven by winter storms in the northern Atlantic and northern Pacific. The relative and absolute amplitudes of the beam-power for the northern Atlantic are also extracted from CC beamforming based on geophone sensors and RA beamforming based on broad-band instruments from ANTICS, respectively. Both approaches provide robust estimates of microseism strength in the northern Atlantic, with CC beamforming displaying a higher correlation with the modelled ocean floor equivalent forces. This study confirms the feasibility of using cost-effective nodal seismic arrays for detailed monitoring of secondary microseisms and highlights the potential for integrating multi-array seismic data with oceanographic models for an improved understanding of seismic noise generation and propagation