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An experimental study of the effects of contextual pressure and performance feedback on coaching styles and athlete experiences in youth basketball
No full textGrounded in Self-Determination Theory, the current experimental study examines how the manipulation of (a) contextual pressure placed on coaches (pressure versus no pressure) and (b) the feedback coaches receive about their teams' performance (performing below expectations versus performing well) affects the perceived coaching style by athletes and athletes' sports experiences in an ecologically valid field experiment in the context of basketball practice. The study involved 262 youth basketball players and their 30 coaches, who were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions. Results, analyzed using linear regression analyses with a random intercept, indicated that athletes of coaches assigned to the pressure conditions experienced less autonomy support than athletes of coaches in the no-pressure conditions. In addition, athletes of coaches who were told that their team performed poorly experienced less need satisfaction than athletes of coaches who received positive performance feedback. When the two antecedents were considered in combination, the condition involving the absence of pressure and the presence of positive feedback experienced the most autonomy support. No effects on perceived coach control, athletes' intrinsic motivation, and feelings of tension were found. The discussion section elaborates on both significant and non-significant findings.Grounded in Self-Determination Theory, the current experimental study examines how the manipulation of (a) contextual pressure placed on coaches (pressure versus no pressure) and (b) the feedback coaches receive about their teams' performance (performing below expectations versus performing well) affects the perceived coaching style by athletes and athletes' sports experiences in an ecologically valid field experiment in the context of basketball practice. The study involved 262 youth basketball players and their 30 coaches, who were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions. Results, analyzed using linear regression analyses with a random intercept, indicated that athletes of coaches assigned to the pressure conditions experienced less autonomy support than athletes of coaches in the no-pressure conditions. In addition, athletes of coaches who were told that their team performed poorly experienced less need satisfaction than athletes of coaches who received positive performance feedback. When the two antecedents were considered in combination, the condition involving the absence of pressure and the presence of positive feedback experienced the most autonomy support. No effects on perceived coach control, athletes' intrinsic motivation, and feelings of tension were found. The discussion section elaborates on both significant and non-significant findings.A
Necrodialogues and media : communicating with the dead in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries
No full textThis volume is an original contribution to the understanding of the various forms of communication with the dead. Terming them “necrodialogues”, we examine these forms of communication in relation to cultural and ritual practices of necromancy and mediumism on the one hand, and to the development of technologies for establishing contact with the beyond on the other. While recent scholarship in media and cultural studies rejects narratives that technological progress in modernity eclipsed religious experiences and occult practices, twentieth- and twenty-first-century literary studies, holding on to the secularization paradigm, still largely dismiss practices of communication with the dead as anti-modern. By bringing together perspectives from different disciplines, this volume emphasizes the interconnectedness of literary necrodialogues and other cultural and media practices of communicating with the dead. The main aim of the collection is to explore the cultural, historical, anthropological, and media contexts in which modern necrodialogues are produced and invested with different meanings.This volume is an original contribution to the understanding of the various forms of communication with the dead. Terming them “necrodialogues”, we examine these forms of communication in relation to cultural and ritual practices of necromancy and mediumism on the one hand, and to the development of technologies for establishing contact with the beyond on the other. While recent scholarship in media and cultural studies rejects narratives that technological progress in modernity eclipsed religious experiences and occult practices, twentieth- and twenty-first-century literary studies, holding on to the secularization paradigm, still largely dismiss practices of communication with the dead as anti-modern. By bringing together perspectives from different disciplines, this volume emphasizes the interconnectedness of literary necrodialogues and other cultural and media practices of communicating with the dead. The main aim of the collection is to explore the cultural, historical, anthropological, and media contexts in which modern necrodialogues are produced and invested with different meanings.B
Vulnerable newborn types : analysis of subnational, population‐based birth cohorts for 541 285 live births in 23 countries, 2000-2021
No full textSetting: Subnational, population-basedbirth cohort studies (n = 45) in 23 low-andmiddle-incomecountries (LMICs) spanning 2000–2021.Population: Liveborn infants.Methods: Subnational, population-basedstudies with high-qualitybirth outcomedata from LMICs were invited to join the Vulnerable Newborn MeasurementCollaboration. We defined distinct newborn types using gestational age (preterm[PT], term [T]), birthweight for gestational age using INTERGROWTH-21ststandards(small for gestational age [SGA], appropriate for gestational age [AGA] or largefor gestational age [LGA]), and birthweight (low birthweight, LBW [<2500 g], non-LBW) as ten types (using all three outcomes), six types (by excluding the birthweightcategorisation), and four types (by collapsing the AGA and LGA categories). We definedsmall types as those with at least one classification of LBW, PT or SGA. Wepresented study characteristics, participant characteristics, data missingness, andprevalence of newborn types by region and study.Results: Among 541 285 live births, 476 939 (88.1%) had non-missingand plausiblevalues for gestational age, birthweight and sex required to construct the newborntypes. The median prevalences of ten types across studies were T+AGA+nonLBW(58.0%), T+LGA+nonLBW (3.3%), T+AGA+LBW (0.5%), T+SGA+nonLBW(14.2%), T+SGA+LBW (7.1%), PT+LGA+nonLBW (1.6%), PT+LGA+LBW (0.2%),PT+AGA+nonLBW (3.7%), PT+AGA+LBW (3.6%) and PT+SGA+LBW (1.0%). Themedian prevalence of small types (six types, 37.6%) varied across studies and withinregions and was higher in Southern Asia (52.4%) than in Sub-SaharanAfrica (34.9%).Conclusions: Further investigation is needed to describe the mortality risks associatedwith newborn types and understand the implications of this framework for localtargeting of interventions to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes in LMICs.Setting: Subnational, population-basedbirth cohort studies (n = 45) in 23 low-andmiddle-incomecountries (LMICs) spanning 2000–2021.Population: Liveborn infants.Methods: Subnational, population-basedstudies with high-qualitybirth outcomedata from LMICs were invited to join the Vulnerable Newborn MeasurementCollaboration. We defined distinct newborn types using gestational age (preterm[PT], term [T]), birthweight for gestational age using INTERGROWTH-21ststandards(small for gestational age [SGA], appropriate for gestational age [AGA] or largefor gestational age [LGA]), and birthweight (low birthweight, LBW [<2500 g], non-LBW) as ten types (using all three outcomes), six types (by excluding the birthweightcategorisation), and four types (by collapsing the AGA and LGA categories). We definedsmall types as those with at least one classification of LBW, PT or SGA. Wepresented study characteristics, participant characteristics, data missingness, andprevalence of newborn types by region and study.Results: Among 541 285 live births, 476 939 (88.1%) had non-missingand plausiblevalues for gestational age, birthweight and sex required to construct the newborntypes. The median prevalences of ten types across studies were T+AGA+nonLBW(58.0%), T+LGA+nonLBW (3.3%), T+AGA+LBW (0.5%), T+SGA+nonLBW(14.2%), T+SGA+LBW (7.1%), PT+LGA+nonLBW (1.6%), PT+LGA+LBW (0.2%),PT+AGA+nonLBW (3.7%), PT+AGA+LBW (3.6%) and PT+SGA+LBW (1.0%). Themedian prevalence of small types (six types, 37.6%) varied across studies and withinregions and was higher in Southern Asia (52.4%) than in Sub-SaharanAfrica (34.9%).Conclusions: Further investigation is needed to describe the mortality risks associatedwith newborn types and understand the implications of this framework for localtargeting of interventions to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes in LMICs.A
News in motion : a quantitative analysis of incremental news updates by Flemish online news outlets
No full textOnline news has rapidly claimed its place in the media landscape, and with it came the practice of incremental news updates being integrated in existing content. Yet, considering this fluid news production, researchers have been struggling with freezing the news flow and capturing the different article versions, implying that incremental news updates form an understudied phenomenon. Therefore, we conduct a large-scale study on the usage of online news updates by applying regular interval content capturing. Using in-house developed software, all 291,666 articles and 197,979 associated updates written by six leading Flemish news outlets in a period of two years (2019-2021) are collected. It is examined how commonly and in what ways updates are applied. Furthermore, a subset of 11,293 articles is manually analyzed to examine the reason(s) for applying updates. Results indicate that updates are commonly applied across all news outlets and topics. 35% of the articles are updated at least once and an updated article is updated 1.94 times on average. Approximately 4.2% of textual changes are made to correct objective or subjective errors, typically without any communication towards the reader. Therefore, we argue that transparency regarding news updates should be enhanced.Online news has rapidly claimed its place in the media landscape, and with it came the practice of incremental news updates being integrated in existing content. Yet, considering this fluid news production, researchers have been struggling with freezing the news flow and capturing the different article versions, implying that incremental news updates form an understudied phenomenon. Therefore, we conduct a large-scale study on the usage of online news updates by applying regular interval content capturing. Using in-house developed software, all 291,666 articles and 197,979 associated updates written by six leading Flemish news outlets in a period of two years (2019-2021) are collected. It is examined how commonly and in what ways updates are applied. Furthermore, a subset of 11,293 articles is manually analyzed to examine the reason(s) for applying updates. Results indicate that updates are commonly applied across all news outlets and topics. 35% of the articles are updated at least once and an updated article is updated 1.94 times on average. Approximately 4.2% of textual changes are made to correct objective or subjective errors, typically without any communication towards the reader. Therefore, we argue that transparency regarding news updates should be enhanced.A
Using technology broadcasting to explore market applications : the moderating role of a firm's domain‐specific and general knowledge
No full textInnovative firms, like startups, are increasingly making use of technology broadcasting to explore market applications for their technology. While findings from previous studies suggest that these firms can get access to a large pool of suggestions for market applications through technology broadcasting, we lack empirical evidence on whether firms that use technology broadcasting will actually be able to process and explore these suggestions. The current study points to the distinct role of firms' domain‐specific and general knowledge base in this respect. It proposes that technology broadcasting is positively related to the number of market applications a firm explores. Moreover, it hypothesizes that this relationship is weakened by the firm's domain‐specific knowledge and strengthened by its general knowledge base. We use Poisson analyses on hand‐collected survey and secondary data on a sample of 205 Flemish startups. We find that technology broadcasting is positively associated with the number of market applications a firm explores. Furthermore, this positive relationship is stronger with increasing general knowledge, but weaker with increasing domain‐specific knowledge. These findings advance our understanding of the boundary conditions of technology broadcasting. Additionally, our study contributes to the open innovation literature which has called for more attention to the challenges an organization faces in managing its external knowledge search. Finally, our study provides important practical insights for innovative firms that are trying to find market applications for their technology.Innovative firms, like startups, are increasingly making use of technology broadcasting to explore market applications for their technology. While findings from previous studies suggest that these firms can get access to a large pool of suggestions for market applications through technology broadcasting, we lack empirical evidence on whether firms that use technology broadcasting will actually be able to process and explore these suggestions. The current study points to the distinct role of firms' domain‐specific and general knowledge base in this respect. It proposes that technology broadcasting is positively related to the number of market applications a firm explores. Moreover, it hypothesizes that this relationship is weakened by the firm's domain‐specific knowledge and strengthened by its general knowledge base. We use Poisson analyses on hand‐collected survey and secondary data on a sample of 205 Flemish startups. We find that technology broadcasting is positively associated with the number of market applications a firm explores. Furthermore, this positive relationship is stronger with increasing general knowledge, but weaker with increasing domain‐specific knowledge. These findings advance our understanding of the boundary conditions of technology broadcasting. Additionally, our study contributes to the open innovation literature which has called for more attention to the challenges an organization faces in managing its external knowledge search. Finally, our study provides important practical insights for innovative firms that are trying to find market applications for their technology.A
'The university is made for those who can climb the stairs' : dialoguing with counterstories in higher education
No full textEntering higher education presents significant challenges for students whose learning styles differ from the norm of the "(neuro)typical student." In Flanders, the prevailing notions persist in asserting that people with disabilities do not belong in a higher education system due to perceived shortcomings in meeting the traditional standards. In this article, we focus on a podcast "I write so I am: The power of the dyslexic brain" created by a former student. By drawing on a critical dialogical methodology we engage with the stories presented in the podcast, contemplating ways to progress toward an affirmative and relational approach to disability. We make this more concrete by plugging-in concepts such as "recognition," "relational accessibility," and "caring communities" as they guide us in challenging ableist structures. The practice of dialoguing calls for engaging communities where listening with care opens negotiations to bypass the current rigid system of "reasonable accommodations."Entering higher education presents significant challenges for students whose learning styles differ from the norm of the "(neuro)typical student." In Flanders, the prevailing notions persist in asserting that people with disabilities do not belong in a higher education system due to perceived shortcomings in meeting the traditional standards. In this article, we focus on a podcast "I write so I am: The power of the dyslexic brain" created by a former student. By drawing on a critical dialogical methodology we engage with the stories presented in the podcast, contemplating ways to progress toward an affirmative and relational approach to disability. We make this more concrete by plugging-in concepts such as "recognition," "relational accessibility," and "caring communities" as they guide us in challenging ableist structures. The practice of dialoguing calls for engaging communities where listening with care opens negotiations to bypass the current rigid system of "reasonable accommodations."A
Cute but concerning : investigating the impact of portraying children in momfluencer content on engagement, advertising value and advertising effectiveness
No full textMany momfluencers heavily feature their children on their social media profiles, often in an attempt to increase promotional success. Contrary to our assumptions and those from prior research, the results of our three experimental studies with mothers show that including a child in sponsored momfluencer content does not directly boost social and advertising potential. The first study (N = 154) indicates that child presence (versus absence) does not contribute to higher audience engagement, advertising value, or advertising effectiveness. The second study (N = 144) reveals similar direct results, but also shows that branded content featuring a child is perceived as cuter, positively impacting engagement and advertising outcomes. Notably, authenticity did not drive any effects. The third study (N = 170) aligns with these results and adds that child presence also heightens privacy awareness, which triggers moral advertising literacy and, in turn, negatively affects engagement and advertising outcomes. Considering that child presence in sponsored content does not yield differences in advertising impact, this article highlights the importance of prioritizing the protection of children's privacy.Many momfluencers heavily feature their children on their social media profiles, often in an attempt to increase promotional success. Contrary to our assumptions and those from prior research, the results of our three experimental studies with mothers show that including a child in sponsored momfluencer content does not directly boost social and advertising potential. The first study (N = 154) indicates that child presence (versus absence) does not contribute to higher audience engagement, advertising value, or advertising effectiveness. The second study (N = 144) reveals similar direct results, but also shows that branded content featuring a child is perceived as cuter, positively impacting engagement and advertising outcomes. Notably, authenticity did not drive any effects. The third study (N = 170) aligns with these results and adds that child presence also heightens privacy awareness, which triggers moral advertising literacy and, in turn, negatively affects engagement and advertising outcomes. Considering that child presence in sponsored content does not yield differences in advertising impact, this article highlights the importance of prioritizing the protection of children's privacy.A
Developing musical creativity through movement : navigating the musical affordance landscape
No full textSchools too often undermine creativity, said Ken Robinson, an educationalist who has changed thinking on schools. In his famous TEDtalk "Do schools kill creativity?," he argues that the undermining of creativity results from being too focused on children's heads rather than on their bodies. In line with Robinson's observation, music education has been criticized for a lack of creative approaches, and a focus on disembodied learning experiences. In our view, the development of creative and embodied approaches to music education needs a deeper understanding of the embodied processes that underlie creativity, especially with regard to the use of the body in music learning. Using a dynamic, relational, and action-oriented perspective on creativity, we connect creativity to the concepts of affordance navigation, metastability, and cognitive flexibility. Next, we elaborate on how body movement may support creatively exploring the musical environment and developing a deepened musical understanding through purposeful affordance navigation.Schools too often undermine creativity, said Ken Robinson, an educationalist who has changed thinking on schools. In his famous TEDtalk "Do schools kill creativity?," he argues that the undermining of creativity results from being too focused on children's heads rather than on their bodies. In line with Robinson's observation, music education has been criticized for a lack of creative approaches, and a focus on disembodied learning experiences. In our view, the development of creative and embodied approaches to music education needs a deeper understanding of the embodied processes that underlie creativity, especially with regard to the use of the body in music learning. Using a dynamic, relational, and action-oriented perspective on creativity, we connect creativity to the concepts of affordance navigation, metastability, and cognitive flexibility. Next, we elaborate on how body movement may support creatively exploring the musical environment and developing a deepened musical understanding through purposeful affordance navigation.A