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Engineering bacteria to enhance mycelium-based materials through in situ delivery of biobased and biodegradable additives
No full textIn the field of leather-working, mycelium-based options have emerged as feasible substitutes for commercial applications, given their robustness and versatility. However, pure mycelium skins cannot reach optimal performance in terms of strength and durability. Thus, post-processing with crosslinking additives has become a suitable approach to improve material properties, despite limitations with regards to uniform distribution and synthetic compound use. In this framework, bacterial cell factories, capable of interacting with mycelium and producing biobased additives (bioadditives), would introduce a novel post-processing approach which tackles current drawbacks. Therefore, our objective is to develop a cocultivation strategy to improve the distribution of additive-producing bacteria between mycelium hyphae. To achieve this, bacterial cells are equipped with the ability to selectively bind to mycelial hyphae, generating a stable interaction between the mycelium and the cell factory, and subsequently engineered to produce promising bioadditives in situ. Lastly, an optimized coculture setup is being developed to produce mycelium leather with improved strength and durability.In the field of leather-working, mycelium-based options have emerged as feasible substitutes for commercial applications, given their robustness and versatility. However, pure mycelium skins cannot reach optimal performance in terms of strength and durability. Thus, post-processing with crosslinking additives has become a suitable approach to improve material properties, despite limitations with regards to uniform distribution and synthetic compound use. In this framework, bacterial cell factories, capable of interacting with mycelium and producing biobased additives (bioadditives), would introduce a novel post-processing approach which tackles current drawbacks. Therefore, our objective is to develop a cocultivation strategy to improve the distribution of additive-producing bacteria between mycelium hyphae. To achieve this, bacterial cells are equipped with the ability to selectively bind to mycelial hyphae, generating a stable interaction between the mycelium and the cell factory, and subsequently engineered to produce promising bioadditives in situ. Lastly, an optimized coculture setup is being developed to produce mycelium leather with improved strength and durability.C
‘Spaces of linguistic non-understanding’ when ‘researching multilingually’ : analyses from a linguistic-ethnographic perspective
No full textAutomated detection of broiler vocalizations a machine learning approach for broiler chicken vocalization monitoring
No full textThe poultry industry relies on highly efficient production systems. For sustainable food production, where maintaining broiler welfare is crucial, it is essential to have robust data collection systems and automated methods for assessing broiler health and welfare. This paper presents the development and implementation of an acoustic system designed to detect and differentiate between four distinct vocalizations of broiler chickens-pleasure notes, distress calls, short peeps, and warbles-while filtering out background noise and other vocalizations. The vocalization detector is designed as a convolutional neural network with 11 two-dimensional convolutional layers and one one-dimensional convolutional layer. For training, a manually labeled vocalization library was built (>2k samples, with a total duration of 190 minutes), based on a large set of continuous audio recordings of ten male Ross 308 broiler chicks aged from 1 to 36 days. An extension with a subset of the AudioSet dataset was made to include background sounds. With this library, an overall balanced accuracy of 91.1 % was achieved by the neural network-based recognizer.The poultry industry relies on highly efficient production systems. For sustainable food production, where maintaining broiler welfare is crucial, it is essential to have robust data collection systems and automated methods for assessing broiler health and welfare. This paper presents the development and implementation of an acoustic system designed to detect and differentiate between four distinct vocalizations of broiler chickens-pleasure notes, distress calls, short peeps, and warbles-while filtering out background noise and other vocalizations. The vocalization detector is designed as a convolutional neural network with 11 two-dimensional convolutional layers and one one-dimensional convolutional layer. For training, a manually labeled vocalization library was built (>2k samples, with a total duration of 190 minutes), based on a large set of continuous audio recordings of ten male Ross 308 broiler chicks aged from 1 to 36 days. An extension with a subset of the AudioSet dataset was made to include background sounds. With this library, an overall balanced accuracy of 91.1 % was achieved by the neural network-based recognizer.A
Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of pinacolboronic esters catalyzed by a well-defined palladium N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyst
No full textWe report a versatile synthetic method for coupling heteroaryl chlorides and bromides with (hetero)aryl pinacolboronic esters of pharmaceutical interest at low catalyst loading of a well-defined palladium-NHC catalyst providing products in good to high isolated yield and purity in short reaction time. The method displays remarkably broad applicability with both 5- and 6-membered heterocycles.We report a versatile synthetic method for coupling heteroaryl chlorides and bromides with (hetero)aryl pinacolboronic esters of pharmaceutical interest at low catalyst loading of a well-defined palladium-NHC catalyst providing products in good to high isolated yield and purity in short reaction time. The method displays remarkably broad applicability with both 5- and 6-membered heterocycles.A
Shin-gi-tai as a guiding principle in Kōdōkan jūdō : yet, another example of historical reinvention?
No full textJudo national governing bodies in recent years through slogans, posters, cartoons, and web site information have attempted to reignite their members’ appreciation for a judo morality constructed on Japanese bushido. Similarly, several judo federations actively promote ‘shin-gi-tai’ (mind-technique-body) as a guiding principle for rank promotions and conduct allegedly in association with Kano Jigoro’s philosophy. Using translation, critical and heuristic analysis of relevant original historical Japanese sources, it is the purpose of this paper to investigate the origin, etymology and justification of shin-gi-tai as a pre-existing principle in Kodokan judo. Our results show that shin-gi-tai was first used in judo by Michigami Haku while teaching in Shanghai in the 1940s. After his arrival in France in 1953, the concept was introduced and distributed within the Western judo world. However, Michigami was not the original author. It was on the island of Kyushu, from where Michigami hailed, that the term shin-gi-tai appears to have been first used in the Heiho shingitai oboegaki (Memorandum on military arts and mind-technique-body), a text authored by Toyoda Masanaga, an 18th century Niten ichi-ryu heiho swordsman influenced by Miyamoto Musashi. A similar term, shinkitai, later entered sumo through the Yoshida family, also active in Kyushu, who became responsible for the administration of sumo in the late Meiji period. Michigami as a young man had practiced both kendo and sumo. There is no link between Kano Jigoro and shin-gi-tai. While it is acceptable to use shin-gi-tai or any other legitimate meme in coaching athletes, asserting that it represents a fundamental principle that guides rank promotions and ethics in judo is nothing but historical reinvention that lacks any basis.Los órganos nacionales rectores del judo han intentado en los últimos años, a través de eslóganes, carteles, dibujos animados e informaciones en páginas web, reavivar entre sus miembros el aprecio por la moral judo, construida sobre el bushido japonés. Asimismo, algunas federaciones de judo promueven de forma activa el “shin-gi-tai” (mente-técnica-cuerpo) como principio guía para los ascensos de grado y la conducta del practicante, supuestamente en asociación con la filosofía de Kano Jigoro. Utilizando la traducción, el análisis crítico y heurístico de fuentes japonesas históricas, originales y relevantes, este trabajo tiene el propósito de investigar el origen, la etimología y la justificación del shin-gi-tai como principio preexistente en el judo Kodokan. Los resultados muestran que el shin-gi-tai fue utilizado por primera vez en el judo por Michigami Haku mientras enseñaba en Shanghái en la década de 1940. Tras su llegada a Francia en 1953, el concepto fue introducido y difundido en el judo occidental. Sin embargo, Michigami no fue el autor original. Fue en la isla de Kyushu, de donde procedía Michigami, donde el término shin-gi-tai parece haber sido utilizado por primera vez en el Heiho shingitai oboegaki (Memorándum sobre las artes militares y la mente-técnica-cuerpo), un texto cuyo autor fue Toyoda Masanaga, un espadachín heiho de la Niten ichi-ryu del siglo XVIII influenciado por Miyamoto Musashi. Un término similar, shinkitai, entró más tarde en el sumo a través de la familia Yoshida, también activa en Kyushu, que se hizo responsable de la administración del sumo a finales del periodo Meiji. Michigami, de joven, había practicado tanto el kendo como el sumo. No existe ningún vínculo entre Kano Jigoro y el shin-gi-tai. Si bien es aceptable usar el término o cualquier otro meme legítimo en el entrenamiento de atletas, afirmar que representa un principio fundamental que guía los ascensos de rango y la ética en el judo no es más que una reinvención histórica que carece de toda base.Os órgãos governamentais nacionais de judo nos últimos anos, por meio de slogans, pôsteres, desenhos animados e informações de sites, tentaram reacender a apreciação de seus membros por uma moralidade judo construída no bushido japonês. Do mesmo modo, várias federações de judo promovem ativamente o “shin-gi-tai” (mente-técnica-corpo) como princípio orientador das promoções de categoria e da conduta, alegadamente em associação com a filosofia de Kano Jigoro. Utilizando a tradução, a análise crítica e heurística de fontes históricas japonesas originais relevantes, o objetivo deste artigo é investigar a origem, a etimologia e a justificação do shin-gi-tai como um princípio pré-existente em Kodokan judo. Os nossos resultados mostram que o shin-gi-tai foi usado pela primeira vez no judo por Michigami Haku enquanto ensinava em Xangai na década de 1940. Após a sua chegada a França em 1953, o conceito foi introduzido e distribuído no judo ocidental. No entanto, Michigami não foi o autor original. Foi na ilha de Kyushu, de onde Michigami era originário, que o termo shin-gi-tai parece ter sido usado pela primeira vez no Heiho shingitai oboegaki (Memorando sobre artes militares e mente-técnica-corpo), um texto da autoria de Toyoda Masanaga, um espadachim heiho de Niten ichi-ryu do século XVIII influenciado por Miyamoto Musashi. Um termo semelhante, shinkitai, entrou mais tarde no sumo através da família Yoshida, também ativa em Kyushu, que se tornou responsável pela administração do sumo no final do período Meiji. Michigami, quando jovem, praticou tanto kendo quanto sumo. Não existe qualquer ligação entre o Kano Jigoro e o shin-gi-tai. Embora seja aceitável utilizar o shin-gi-tai ou qualquer outro meme legítimo no treino de atletas, afirmar que representa um princípio fundamental que orienta as promoções de categoria e a ética no judo não passa de uma reinvenção histórica sem qualquer fundamento.Judo national governing bodies in recent years through slogans, posters, cartoons, and web site information have attempted to reignite their members’ appreciation for a judo morality constructed on Japanese bushido. Similarly, several judo federations actively promote ‘shin-gi-tai’ (mind-technique-body) as a guiding principle for rank promotions and conduct allegedly in association with Kano Jigoro’s philosophy. Using translation, critical and heuristic analysis of relevant original historical Japanese sources, it is the purpose of this paper to investigate the origin, etymology and justification of shin-gi-tai as a pre-existing principle in Kodokan judo. Our results show that shin-gi-tai was first used in judo by Michigami Haku while teaching in Shanghai in the 1940s. After his arrival in France in 1953, the concept was introduced and distributed within the Western judo world. However, Michigami was not the original author. It was on the island of Kyushu, from where Michigami hailed, that the term shin-gi-tai appears to have been first used in the Heiho shingitai oboegaki (Memorandum on military arts and mind-technique-body), a text authored by Toyoda Masanaga, an 18th century Niten ichi-ryu heiho swordsman influenced by Miyamoto Musashi. A similar term, shinkitai, later entered sumo through the Yoshida family, also active in Kyushu, who became responsible for the administration of sumo in the late Meiji period. Michigami as a young man had practiced both kendo and sumo. There is no link between Kano Jigoro and shin-gi-tai. While it is acceptable to use shin-gi-tai or any other legitimate meme in coaching athletes, asserting that it represents a fundamental principle that guides rank promotions and ethics in judo is nothing but historical reinvention that lacks any basis.Los órganos nacionales rectores del judo han intentado en los últimos años, a través de eslóganes, carteles, dibujos animados e informaciones en páginas web, reavivar entre sus miembros el aprecio por la moral judo, construida sobre el bushido japonés. Asimismo, algunas federaciones de judo promueven de forma activa el “shin-gi-tai” (mente-técnica-cuerpo) como principio guía para los ascensos de grado y la conducta del practicante, supuestamente en asociación con la filosofía de Kano Jigoro. Utilizando la traducción, el análisis crítico y heurístico de fuentes japonesas históricas, originales y relevantes, este trabajo tiene el propósito de investigar el origen, la etimología y la justificación del shin-gi-tai como principio preexistente en el judo Kodokan. Los resultados muestran que el shin-gi-tai fue utilizado por primera vez en el judo por Michigami Haku mientras enseñaba en Shanghái en la década de 1940. Tras su llegada a Francia en 1953, el concepto fue introducido y difundido en el judo occidental. Sin embargo, Michigami no fue el autor original. Fue en la isla de Kyushu, de donde procedía Michigami, donde el término shin-gi-tai parece haber sido utilizado por primera vez en el Heiho shingitai oboegaki (Memorándum sobre las artes militares y la mente-técnica-cuerpo), un texto cuyo autor fue Toyoda Masanaga, un espadachín heiho de la Niten ichi-ryu del siglo XVIII influenciado por Miyamoto Musashi. Un término similar, shinkitai, entró más tarde en el sumo a través de la familia Yoshida, también activa en Kyushu, que se hizo responsable de la administración del sumo a finales del periodo Meiji. Michigami, de joven, había practicado tanto el kendo como el sumo. No existe ningún vínculo entre Kano Jigoro y el shin-gi-tai. Si bien es aceptable usar el término o cualquier otro meme legítimo en el entrenamiento de atletas, afirmar que representa un principio fundamental que guía los ascensos de rango y la ética en el judo no es más que una reinvención histórica que carece de toda base.Os órgãos governamentais nacionais de judo nos últimos anos, por meio de slogans, pôsteres, desenhos animados e informações de sites, tentaram reacender a apreciação de seus membros por uma moralidade judo construída no bushido japonês. Do mesmo modo, várias federações de judo promovem ativamente o “shin-gi-tai” (mente-técnica-corpo) como princípio orientador das promoções de categoria e da conduta, alegadamente em associação com a filosofia de Kano Jigoro. Utilizando a tradução, a análise crítica e heurística de fontes históricas japonesas originais relevantes, o objetivo deste artigo é investigar a origem, a etimologia e a justificação do shin-gi-tai como um princípio pré-existente em Kodokan judo. Os nossos resultados mostram que o shin-gi-tai foi usado pela primeira vez no judo por Michigami Haku enquanto ensinava em Xangai na década de 1940. Após a sua chegada a França em 1953, o conceito foi introduzido e distribuído no judo ocidental. No entanto, Michigami não foi o autor original. Foi na ilha de Kyushu, de onde Michigami era originário, que o termo shin-gi-tai parece ter sido usado pela primeira vez no Heiho shingitai oboegaki (Memorando sobre artes militares e mente-técnica-corpo), um texto da autoria de Toyoda Masanaga, um espadachim heiho de Niten ichi-ryu do século XVIII influenciado por Miyamoto Musashi. Um termo semelhante, shinkitai, entrou mais tarde no sumo através da família Yoshida, também ativa em Kyushu, que se tornou responsável pela administração do sumo no final do período Meiji. Michigami, quando jovem, praticou tanto kendo quanto sumo. Não existe qualquer ligação entre o Kano Jigoro e o shin-gi-tai. Embora seja aceitável utilizar o shin-gi-tai ou qualquer outro meme legítimo no treino de atletas, afirmar que representa um princípio fundamental que orienta as promoções de categoria e a ética no judo não passa de uma reinvenção histórica sem qualquer fundamento.A
Titanium carbide MXene/anatase titanium dioxide-supported gold catalysts for the low-temperature oxidation of benzene in indoor air
No full textIn the present study, the oxidative removal of benzene (model carcinogenic aromatic volatile organic compound (VOC)) from indoor air is investigated using titanium carbide (Ti3C2) MXene/anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2)-supported gold (Au) catalysts under dark and low-temperature (DLT: 30–90 °C) conditions. The reduction pre-treatment (catalyst labelled with the ‘R’ suffix) has been used to form metallic Au (Au0) nanoparticles and anatase TiO2 in the MXene structure. The relative ordering in the Au catalysts, if assessed in terms of room-temperature (RT) benzene (5 ppm) conversion (XB (%)) at 10,191 h−1 gas hourly space velocity, is found as: 0.5 %-Au/Ti3C2-R (85 ± 5.5 %) > 0.2 %-Au/Ti3C2-R (71 ± 1.8 %) ≈ 0.5 %-Au/Ti3C2 (71 ± 2.8 %) > 1 %-Au/Ti3C2-R (52 ± 5.8 %). The catalytic activity peaks at 0.5 wt% Au loading with reduction pre-treatment and is further enhanced by decreasing the flow rate, benzene concentration, and relative humidity (or by increasing the catalyst mass). The 0.5 %-Au/Ti3C2-R catalyst maintains stable benzene mineralization for 24 h time-on-stream (maximum tested reaction time) at RT without noticeable deactivation. Benzene oxidation on the 0.5 %-Au/Ti3C2-R surface proceeds through diverse reaction intermediates (e.g., phenolate, catecholate, o-, p-benzoquinone, formate, and carbonate). The adsorption of benzene and molecular oxygen (O2) occurs near the Au0 sites. Hydrogen first migrates from benzene to O2, forming an –OOH group attached to Au0. Subsequently, hydrogen transfers from benzene to –OOH, leading to the formation of water as the final product. The benzene ring is then unzipped to yield carbon dioxide through various reaction steps. The present work offers insights into developing Au catalysts for practical DLT control of indoor air pollutants.In the present study, the oxidative removal of benzene (model carcinogenic aromatic volatile organic compound (VOC)) from indoor air is investigated using titanium carbide (Ti3C2) MXene/anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2)-supported gold (Au) catalysts under dark and low-temperature (DLT: 30–90 °C) conditions. The reduction pre-treatment (catalyst labelled with the ‘R’ suffix) has been used to form metallic Au (Au0) nanoparticles and anatase TiO2 in the MXene structure. The relative ordering in the Au catalysts, if assessed in terms of room-temperature (RT) benzene (5 ppm) conversion (XB (%)) at 10,191 h−1 gas hourly space velocity, is found as: 0.5 %-Au/Ti3C2-R (85 ± 5.5 %) > 0.2 %-Au/Ti3C2-R (71 ± 1.8 %) ≈ 0.5 %-Au/Ti3C2 (71 ± 2.8 %) > 1 %-Au/Ti3C2-R (52 ± 5.8 %). The catalytic activity peaks at 0.5 wt% Au loading with reduction pre-treatment and is further enhanced by decreasing the flow rate, benzene concentration, and relative humidity (or by increasing the catalyst mass). The 0.5 %-Au/Ti3C2-R catalyst maintains stable benzene mineralization for 24 h time-on-stream (maximum tested reaction time) at RT without noticeable deactivation. Benzene oxidation on the 0.5 %-Au/Ti3C2-R surface proceeds through diverse reaction intermediates (e.g., phenolate, catecholate, o-, p-benzoquinone, formate, and carbonate). The adsorption of benzene and molecular oxygen (O2) occurs near the Au0 sites. Hydrogen first migrates from benzene to O2, forming an –OOH group attached to Au0. Subsequently, hydrogen transfers from benzene to –OOH, leading to the formation of water as the final product. The benzene ring is then unzipped to yield carbon dioxide through various reaction steps. The present work offers insights into developing Au catalysts for practical DLT control of indoor air pollutants.A
Origin and development of uniparental and polyploid blastomeres
No full textWhole-genome (WG) abnormalities, such as uniparental diploidy and triploidy, cause fetal death. Occasionally, they coexist with biparental diploid cells in live births. Understanding the origin and early development of WG abnormal blastomeres is crucial for explaining the formation of androgenotes, gynogenotes, triploidy, chimerism, and mixoploidy. By haplotyping 118 bovine blastomeres from the first cleavages, we identified that heterogoneic division occurs in both multipolar and bipolar cleaving zygotes. During heterogoneic division, parental genomes segregate into distinct blastomeres, resulting in the coexistence of uniparental and biparental diploid or polyploid cells. After culturing the totipotent blastomeres to three preimplantation stages and exploring transcriptomes of 446 cells, we discovered that stress responses contribute to developmental impairment in WG abnormal cells, resulting in either cell arrest or blastocyst formation. Their dominance in preimplantation embryos represents an overlooked cause of abnormal development. Haplotypebased screening could improve in vitro fertilization outcomes.Whole-genome (WG) abnormalities, such as uniparental diploidy and triploidy, cause fetal death. Occasionally, they coexist with biparental diploid cells in live births. Understanding the origin and early development of WG abnormal blastomeres is crucial for explaining the formation of androgenotes, gynogenotes, triploidy, chimerism, and mixoploidy. By haplotyping 118 bovine blastomeres from the first cleavages, we identified that heterogoneic division occurs in both multipolar and bipolar cleaving zygotes. During heterogoneic division, parental genomes segregate into distinct blastomeres, resulting in the coexistence of uniparental and biparental diploid or polyploid cells. After culturing the totipotent blastomeres to three preimplantation stages and exploring transcriptomes of 446 cells, we discovered that stress responses contribute to developmental impairment in WG abnormal cells, resulting in either cell arrest or blastocyst formation. Their dominance in preimplantation embryos represents an overlooked cause of abnormal development. Haplotypebased screening could improve in vitro fertilization outcomes.A