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Doyens de chrétienté et archiprêtres des temps carolingiens à l’époque moderne : Les moyens de la juridiction ecclésiastique /
No full textExcitation of the bottom-up pathways has no effect on remote muscle fatigue in healthy participants
No full textThe aim of this study is to investigate the effect of induced excitation of the bottom-up pathways at the lateral elbow muscles on local muscle fatigue in the neck region in healthy participants. Eligible participants (n:55) were randomly allocated to an intervention group (n:28) or a control group (n:27). The fatigue of bilateral neck flexor(sternocleidomastoid) and extensor (upper trapezius) muscles was evaluated using surface electromyography, at baseline and immediately post-intervention during a neck flexor and extensor endurance test respectively. Excitation of the bottom-up pathways was performed at multiple lateral elbow muscles in the intervention group by using a temporal summation protocol of mechanical pain, and the pressure pain threshold was determined once in each of the multiple lateral elbow muscles in the control group. Linear mixed model analyses were performed for each outcome measure to evaluate changes over time and within- and between-group differences. No significant "group X time" interaction effects were detected for any of the outcome measures. Significant main effects for time was found for "amplitude over time" of the left upper trapezius (p:0.003) and right sternocleidomastoid muscle (p: 0.013), and for "amplitude changes" of the left upper trapezius muscle (p:0.021). Significant within-group changes were identified in some outcomes in the control group: increased "amplitude over time" of the right sternocleidomastoid muscle (p:0.024) and decreased "amplitude changes" of the left upper trapezius muscle (p:0.024), decreased "normalized median frequency slope over time" of the left UT (p: 0.013). There were no significant within-group changes in the intervention group. No significant between-group differences for any of the outcome measures were found. This study shows no effect of the induction of excitation of the bottom-up pathways at the lateral elbow muscles on the neck muscles' fatigue characteristics compared to a control intervention. Clinical Trial Number: NCT05146960. Date of Registration: December 7, 2021.The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of induced excitation of the bottom-up pathways at the lateral elbow muscles on local muscle fatigue in the neck region in healthy participants. Eligible participants (n:55) were randomly allocated to an intervention group (n:28) or a control group (n:27). The fatigue of bilateral neck flexor(sternocleidomastoid) and extensor (upper trapezius) muscles was evaluated using surface electromyography, at baseline and immediately post-intervention during a neck flexor and extensor endurance test respectively. Excitation of the bottom-up pathways was performed at multiple lateral elbow muscles in the intervention group by using a temporal summation protocol of mechanical pain, and the pressure pain threshold was determined once in each of the multiple lateral elbow muscles in the control group. Linear mixed model analyses were performed for each outcome measure to evaluate changes over time and within- and between-group differences. No significant "group X time" interaction effects were detected for any of the outcome measures. Significant main effects for time was found for "amplitude over time" of the left upper trapezius (p:0.003) and right sternocleidomastoid muscle (p: 0.013), and for "amplitude changes" of the left upper trapezius muscle (p:0.021). Significant within-group changes were identified in some outcomes in the control group: increased "amplitude over time" of the right sternocleidomastoid muscle (p:0.024) and decreased "amplitude changes" of the left upper trapezius muscle (p:0.024), decreased "normalized median frequency slope over time" of the left UT (p: 0.013). There were no significant within-group changes in the intervention group. No significant between-group differences for any of the outcome measures were found. This study shows no effect of the induction of excitation of the bottom-up pathways at the lateral elbow muscles on the neck muscles' fatigue characteristics compared to a control intervention. Clinical Trial Number: NCT05146960. Date of Registration: December 7, 2021.A
Does context matter? Daily diary study exploring the effects of stressor intensity and perceived controllability on the relationship between emotion regulation and affect in adolescents
No full textTheoretical accounts emphasize the importance of context sensitivity in emotion regulation, yet research often neglects this. This study explored how adolescents' use of three emotion regulation strategies-cognitive reappraisal, distraction, and rumination-interacted with stressor intensity and perceived controllability to influence daily emotions. A total of 249 adolescents participated in a daily diary study (Mage = 12.73, SDage = 0.78; 63.1% males). Adolescents reported their daily use of emotion regulation strategies, emotional states, and contextual factors. In high-intensity stress situations, reappraisal and distraction each showed associations with reductions in negative affect, whereas rumination was related to increases in negative affect. In low-intensity stress contexts, reappraisal was associated with decreases in positive affect, and no significant effects emerged for distraction or rumination. For perceived controllability, no impact on negative affect was found; however, positive affect increased in uncontrollable situations when levels of reappraisal and rumination were low. Overall, the findings underscore the importance of stressor intensity and perceived controllability, suggesting that distraction's effectiveness is less context-dependent than reappraisal and rumination. The current study hypotheses and data analytic plan were preregistered on The Open Science Framework at https://osf.io/dfhqx/.Theoretical accounts emphasize the importance of context sensitivity in emotion regulation, yet research often neglects this. This study explored how adolescents' use of three emotion regulation strategies-cognitive reappraisal, distraction, and rumination-interacted with stressor intensity and perceived controllability to influence daily emotions. A total of 249 adolescents participated in a daily diary study (Mage = 12.73, SDage = 0.78; 63.1% males). Adolescents reported their daily use of emotion regulation strategies, emotional states, and contextual factors. In high-intensity stress situations, reappraisal and distraction each showed associations with reductions in negative affect, whereas rumination was related to increases in negative affect. In low-intensity stress contexts, reappraisal was associated with decreases in positive affect, and no significant effects emerged for distraction or rumination. For perceived controllability, no impact on negative affect was found; however, positive affect increased in uncontrollable situations when levels of reappraisal and rumination were low. Overall, the findings underscore the importance of stressor intensity and perceived controllability, suggesting that distraction's effectiveness is less context-dependent than reappraisal and rumination. The current study hypotheses and data analytic plan were preregistered on The Open Science Framework at https://osf.io/dfhqx/.A
Women’s intention to apply to top-executive positions : the role of gender meta-stereotypes in job ads
No full textWomen are still underrepresented at the top levels of organizations across Europe and the United States. Scholars haveidentified obstacles that hinder women’s climb to the top but have overlooked women’s perceptions of job advertisements fortop-level positions as a potential barrier to top-level positions. The present study investigated the effects of meta-stereotypedperson requirements (positive vs. negative) and their wording (dispositional vs. behavioral) in job ads for top-level executivepositions on female candidates’ application intention, as well as the mediating effect of job attractiveness. An experimentalfield study in a large, Western European governmental organization (Nmain study = 432 female officers), preceded by a pilotstudy (verbal protocol analysis; Npilot = 19 female executives) showed that compared to positively meta-stereotyped personrequirements, negatively meta-stereotyped person requirements reduced female candidates’ attraction to a job and, in turn,their intention to apply for top-level executive positions. The way person requirements were worded in job ads (i.e., in abehavioral versus dispositional way) also affected women’s perceived job attractiveness, yet this depended on the type ofrequirement. Implications are considered for drafting job ads to encourage more qualified female candidates to apply.Women are still underrepresented at the top levels of organizations across Europe and the United States. Scholars haveidentified obstacles that hinder women’s climb to the top but have overlooked women’s perceptions of job advertisements fortop-level positions as a potential barrier to top-level positions. The present study investigated the effects of meta-stereotypedperson requirements (positive vs. negative) and their wording (dispositional vs. behavioral) in job ads for top-level executivepositions on female candidates’ application intention, as well as the mediating effect of job attractiveness. An experimentalfield study in a large, Western European governmental organization (Nmain study = 432 female officers), preceded by a pilotstudy (verbal protocol analysis; Npilot = 19 female executives) showed that compared to positively meta-stereotyped personrequirements, negatively meta-stereotyped person requirements reduced female candidates’ attraction to a job and, in turn,their intention to apply for top-level executive positions. The way person requirements were worded in job ads (i.e., in abehavioral versus dispositional way) also affected women’s perceived job attractiveness, yet this depended on the type ofrequirement. Implications are considered for drafting job ads to encourage more qualified female candidates to apply.A
Validation of a coarse-grained martini 3 model for molecular oxygen
No full textMolecular oxygen (O2) is essential for life, and continuous effort has been made to understand its pathways in cellular respiration with all-atom (AA) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of, e.g., membrane permeation or binding to proteins. To reach larger length scales with models, such as curved membranes in mitochondria or caveolae, coarse-grained (CG) simulations could be used at much lower computational cost than AA simulations. Yet a CG model for O2 is lacking. In this work, a CG model for O2 is therefore carefully selected from the Martini 3 force field based on criteria including size, zero charge, nonpolarity, solubility in nonpolar organic solvents, and partitioning in a phospholipid membrane. This chosen CG model for O2 (TC3 bead) is then further evaluated through the calculation of its diffusion constant in water and hexadecane, its permeability rate across pure phospholipid- and cholesterol-containing membranes, and its binding to the T4 lysozyme L99A protein. Our CG model shows semiquantitative agreement between CG diffusivity and permeation rates with the corresponding AA values and available experimental data. Additionally, it captures the binding to hydrophobic cavities of the protein, aligning well with the AA simulation of the same system. Thus, the results show that our O2 model approximates the behavior observed in the AA simulations. The CG O2 model is compatible with the widely used multifunctional Martini 3 force field for biological simulations, which will allow for the simulation of large biomolecular systems involved in O2's transport in the body.Molecular oxygen (O2) is essential for life, and continuous effort has been made to understand its pathways in cellular respiration with all-atom (AA) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of, e.g., membrane permeation or binding to proteins. To reach larger length scales with models, such as curved membranes in mitochondria or caveolae, coarse-grained (CG) simulations could be used at much lower computational cost than AA simulations. Yet a CG model for O2 is lacking. In this work, a CG model for O2 is therefore carefully selected from the Martini 3 force field based on criteria including size, zero charge, nonpolarity, solubility in nonpolar organic solvents, and partitioning in a phospholipid membrane. This chosen CG model for O2 (TC3 bead) is then further evaluated through the calculation of its diffusion constant in water and hexadecane, its permeability rate across pure phospholipid- and cholesterol-containing membranes, and its binding to the T4 lysozyme L99A protein. Our CG model shows semiquantitative agreement between CG diffusivity and permeation rates with the corresponding AA values and available experimental data. Additionally, it captures the binding to hydrophobic cavities of the protein, aligning well with the AA simulation of the same system. Thus, the results show that our O2 model approximates the behavior observed in the AA simulations. The CG O2 model is compatible with the widely used multifunctional Martini 3 force field for biological simulations, which will allow for the simulation of large biomolecular systems involved in O2's transport in the body.A
Kofferverhalen.
No full textUitgegeven in samenwerking met Fenix, het Rotterdams kunstmuseum over migratie
Pluricentricity and pluriareality : dialects, variation, and standards /
No full text"This edited collection approaches the contentious debate surrounding standard varieties and their distribution. For the past three decades, these arguments have coalesced around two camps: pluricentricity (the idea that standard varieties are intimately associated with nation states, with more powerful national standard varieties affecting the less powerful), and pluriareality (the idea that standard varieties are not limited by national borders and, instead, overlap heavily across dialect boundaries). With chapters focused on English, German, and Dutch, this book injects fresh perspectives on these theoretical constructs with data drawn from a variety of standards, and a range of methodological approaches to their analysis. Researchers of all levels in standard language variation will find these discussions valuable, especially regarding the volume's integrative approach to pluricentricity and pluriareality - attempting to show that these models overlap heavily rather than being in strict opposition"-- Provided by publisher.Includes bibliographical references and index.Modeling variation: pluricentricity and pluriareality - The debate surrounding both models, and potentials for their complementarity / Philipp Meer & Ryan Durgasingh -- Pluriareal languages and the case of German / Stephan Elspass -- Conceptualization of German from an Austrian perspective: empirical evidence from Austrian schools / Jutta Ransmayr -- Regiocentric use and national indexicality: enregisterment as a theoretical integration for standard German / Konstantin Niehaus -- Pluricentricity versus pluriareality? Areal patterns in the English-speaking world / Edgar W. Schneider -- The pluricentricity vs. pluriareality debate: what postcolonial diffusion and transnational language contact can tell us / Sarah Buschfeld -- A Scottish perspective on the pluricentricity/pluriareality debate / Andreas Weilinghoff -- Revising the Algemene Nederlandse Spraakkunst: a pluricentric approach to diatopic variation in the grammar of Standard Dutch? / Arne Dhondt, Timothy Colleman & Johan De Caluwe -- Pluricentricity AND pluriareality: building the case for complementarity / Ryan Durgasingh & Philipp Meer."This edited collection approaches the contentious debate surrounding standard varieties and their distribution. For the past three decades, these arguments have coalesced around two camps: pluricentricity (the idea that standard varieties are intimately associated with nation states, with more powerful national standard varieties affecting the less powerful), and pluriareality (the idea that standard varieties are not limited by national borders and, instead, overlap heavily across dialect boundaries). With chapters focused on English, German, and Dutch, this book injects fresh perspectives on these theoretical constructs with data drawn from a variety of standards, and a range of methodological approaches to their analysis. Researchers of all levels in standard language variation will find these discussions valuable, especially regarding the volume's integrative approach to pluricentricity and pluriareality - attempting to show that these models overlap heavily rather than being in strict opposition"-- Provided by publisher
