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Життя від поганого запаху
No full textFocus:
To understand that hydrogen sulphide indicates that there is life at the bottom of the deep-sea.
Learning objectives:
With this activity, we create a nasty smell similar to hydrogen sulphide from rotting organic matter. We use that smell as a foundation for a discussion/lesson on interesting life, animals and food webs from the deep sea floor.
Key words:
Deep-sea, hydrogen sulphide, chemosynthesis, nematodes, tube worms, food webs.Фокусуємося на:
сірководні, який свідчить про те, що на дні глибокого моря є життя.
Навчальні цілі:
За допомогою цієї діяльності ми створюємо неприємний запах, схожий на сірководень за допомогою гнилої органічної речовини. Використовуємо цей запах як основу для обговорення цікавого життя, істот, харчових мереж на дні глибокого моря.
Ключові слова:
Глибоководне море, сірководень, хемосинтез, нематоди, трубочники, харчові мереж
Вплив людини: Екологічні сліди
No full textFocus:
To understand the meaning of the human ecological footprint. Pupils will think about questions like how do our actions (e.g., research) affect the environment around us and, what can we do to reduce the human impact on the oceans?
Learning objectives:
In this activity, pupils will learn to develop an understanding of their relationship with the oceans and the marine environment and hopefully be inspired to turn their knowledge into action.
Key words:
Human impact, footprints, action.Фокусуємося на:
значенні екологічного сліду людини. Учні поміркують над тим, як наші дії (зокрема, дослідження) впливають на навколишнє середовище та що ми можемо зробити, щоб зменшити вплив людини на океани.
Мета навчання:
На цьому занятті учні зрозуміють свій зв’язок з океанами та морським середовищем і, сподіваємось, отримають натхнення перетворити свої знання на дію.
Ключові слова:
Вплив людини, сліди, діі
Extracts from Acta Societatis Regiæ Scientiarum Upsaliensis Ab Anno DMCCXLIV Ad MDCCL
No full textThe file is a facsimile of extracts from the Acta Societatis Regiæ Scientiarum Upsaliensis for the years 1744 to 1750 (printed 1751), comprising the Title Page, Editor\u27s Preface, Table of Contents and an article on the aurora borealis by Olof Peter Hiorter. For a detailed summary of contents, see the introduction by Per Pippin Aspaas
Nyt lys på gamle data: Georg Wenkers sønderjyske spørgeskemaer som kontaktlingvistisk ressource
No full textGeorg Wenkers Sprogatlas over Det Tyske Rige er et klassisk dialektologisk projekt fra sluttet af 1800-tallet, hvor der blev samlet data ind fra (næsten) alle skoledistrikter i hele det daværende Tyskland. Projektets data bliver stadig brugt inden for tysk dialektforskning, og alle spørgeskemaer er efterhånden blevet publiceret digitalt. Mindre kendt er, at materialet ikke kun indeholder data på tysk, men også på mindretalssprogene, der blev talt inden for de daværende tyske grænser. Blandt disse er også sønderjyske data fra i alt 287 skoledistrikter i det forhenværende hertugdømme Slesvig, der i dag er opdelt mellem Danmark og Tyskland. Traditionelt har man inden for dansk dialektforskning ikke anset de danske Sprogatlas-data som særligt interessant, først og fremmest fordi man mente, at det var i høj grad præget af metodiske artefakter, fordi det består af skriftlige oversættelser fra standardtysk til dialekterne. Afvigelser fra de forventede danske strukturer er således tit blevet forklaret med primingeffekter i oversættelsesprocessen. På den anden side har nyere forskning vist, at materialet alligevel kan bruges til undersøgelser af autentiske sprogkontaktfænomener, dvs. tyskpåvirkede træk i de sønderjyske dialekters grammatik. Denne artikel diskuterer de sønderjyske data ud fra et kontaktlingvistisk perspektiv. Dette indebærer både en metodisk diskussion og fire korte casestudier af udvalgte grammatiske træk. Studierne viser for det første, at materialet bør anses som en værdifuld dokumentarisk ressource, der godt kan bruges i kontaktlingvistiske analyser. For det andet demonstrerer de, at tyskpåvirkede grammatiske træk i en vis udstrækning må anses som autentiske og fast etablerede i 1800-tallets sønderjysk.Georg Wenker’s Linguistic Atlas of the German Empire is a classic dialect-ological project from the late 19th century, in which data was collected from (almost) all school districts throughout what was then Germany. The data is still used in German dialect research, and all questionnaires have in recent years been published digitally. Less well known is that the material not only contains questionnaires representing German dialects, but also data representing the minority languages spoken within the then German borders. Among these are also Danish, i.e. South Jutlandic, data from a total of 287 school districts in the former Duchy of Schleswig, today divided between Denmark and Germany. Traditionally, the Danish dataset has not been considered particularly interesting by Danish dialectologists, mainly because it was thought to be tainted with methodological artefacts, consisting as it does of written translations from Standard German into the dialects. Deviations from the expected Danish grammar have thus often been explained with priming effects in the translation process. However, recent research has shown that the data can nevertheless be used for studies of authentic language contact phenomena, i.e. German-influenced features in South Jutlandic dialects. The present article discusses the South Jutlandic data from a contact linguistic perspective. This entails both a methodological discuss¬ion and four short case studies of selected grammatical features. The studies show, firstly, that the data should be considered a valuable documentary resource that is well-suited for contact linguistic analyses. Secondly, they demonstrate that German-influenced grammatical features, to a certain extent, have to be considered authentic and firmly established in nineteenth-century South Jutlandic.Georg Wenkers Sprogatlas over Det Tyske Rige er et klassisk dialektologisk projekt fra slutningen af 1800-tallet, hvor der blev samlet data ind fra (næsten) alle skoledistrikter i hele det daværende Tyskland. Projektets data bruges stadig inden for tysk dialektforskning, og spørgeskemaerne er efterhånden blevet publiceret digitalt. Mindre kendt er, at materialet ikke kun indeholder tysk, men også mindretalssprogene, der blev talt inden for datidens tyske grænser. Blandt disse er også danske, dvs. sønderjyske, data fra i alt 287 skoledistrikter i det forhenværende hertugdømme Slesvig, der i dag er opdelt mellem Danmark og Tyskland. Traditionelt har man inden for dansk dialektforskning ikke anset de danske Sprogatlas-data som særligt interessante, først og fremmest fordi man mente, at de i høj grad var præget af metodiske artefakter, idet de består af skriftlige oversættelser fra standardtysk til dialekterne. Afvigelser fra de forventede danske strukturer er således tit blevet forklaret med primingeffekter i oversættelsesprocessen. Nyere forskning har dog vist, at materialet trods alt kan bruges til undersøgelser af autentiske sprogkontaktfænomener, dvs. tysk-påvirkede træk i de sønderjyske dialekters grammatik. Denne artikel diskuterer de sønderjyske data ud fra et kontaktlingvistisk perspektiv. Dette indebærer både en metodisk diskussion og fire korte casestudier af udvalgte grammatiske træk. Studierne viser for det første, at materialet bør anses som en værdifuld dokumentarisk ressource, der med fordel kan bruges i kontaktlingvistiske analyser. For det andet demonstrerer de, at tyskpåvirkede grammatiske træk i en vis udstrækning må anses som autentiske og etablerede i 1800-tallets sønderjysk
Robin Pre-Training for the Deep Ritz Method
No full textWe analyze the training process of the Deep Ritz Method for elliptic equations with Dirichlet boundary conditions and highlight problems arising from essential boundary values. Typically, one employs a penalty approach to enforce essential boundary conditions, however, the naive approach to this problem becomes unstable for large penalizations. A novel method to compensate this problem is proposed, using a small penalization strength to pre-train the model before the main training on the target penalization strength is conducted. We present numerical evidence that the proposed method is beneficial
Using deep convolutional neural networks to predict patients age based on ECGs from an independent test cohort
No full textElectrocardiography is one of the most frequently used methods to evaluate cardiovascular diseases. However, the last decade has shown that deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) can extract information from the electrocardiogram (ECG) that goes beyond traditional diagnostics, such as predicting a persons age. In this study, we trained two different 1-dimensional CNNs on open datasets to predict age from a persons ECG.
The models were trained and validated using 10 seconds long 12-lead ECG records, resampled to 100Hz. 59355 ECGs were used for training and cross-validation, while 21748 ECGs from a separate cohort were used as the test set. We compared the performance achieved on the cross-validation with the performance on the test set. Furthermore, we used cardiologist annotated cardiovascular conditions to categorize the patients in the test set in order to assess whether some cardiac condition leads to greater discrepancies between CNN-predicted age and chronological age.
The best CNN model, using an Inception Time architecture, showed a significant drop in performance, in terms of mean absolute error (MAE), from cross-validation on the training set (7.90 ± 0.04 years) to the performance on the test set (8.3 years). On the other hand, the mean squared error (MSE) improved from the training set (117.5 ± 2.7 years^2) to the test set (111 years^2). We also observed that the cardiovascular condition that showed the highest deviation between predicted and biological age, in terms of MAE, was the patients with pacing rhythm (10.5 years), while the patients with prolonged QT-interval had the smallest deviation (7.4 years) in terms of MAE.
This work contributes to existing knowledge of age prediction using deep CNNs on ECGs by showing how a trained model performs on a test set from a separate cohort to that used in the training set
Reducing Annotator\u27s Burden: Cross-Pseudo Supervision for Brain Tumor Segmentation
No full textDeep learning is proven to help with common medical image processing procedures, namely segmentation. Labeling data is a core requirement for training a deep learning model; this is time-consuming and expert annotators are in short supply. Strategies that lower data annotation requirements are highly desirable. In this study, we adapt cross-pseudo supervision (CPS) for 3D medical segmentation, a state-of-art semi-supervised deep-learning method where labeled and unlabeled data are used in conjunction to further improve the resulting model. Using the 2021 BraTS dataset, a fully labeled publicly available brain tumor dataset, we train CPS-based networks using a varying number of labeled and unlabeled samples and compare the resulting models against the fully-supervised baseline. The results show that CPS improves performance scores across all combinations of dataset sizes, with an increase in the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 2.6-4.2% and a decrease in the 95th percentile Hausdorff distance (95% HD) of 24-27%
Measuring Adversarial Robustness using a Voronoi-Epsilon Adversary
No full textPrevious studies on robustness have argued that there is a tradeoff between accuracy and adversarial accuracy. The tradeoff can be inevitable even when we neglect generalization. We argue that the tradeoff is inherent to the commonly used definition of adversarial accuracy, which uses an adversary that can construct adversarial points constrained by -balls around data points. As gets large, the adversary may use real data points from other classes as adversarial examples. We propose a Voronoi-epsilon adversary which is constrained both by Voronoi cells and by -balls. This adversary balances two notions of perturbation. As a result, adversarial accuracy based on this adversary avoids a tradeoff between accuracy and adversarial accuracy on training data even when is large. Finally, we show that a nearest neighbor classifier is the maximally robust classifier against the proposed adversary on the training data
Brill and Open Access
No full textAn online conversation with two representatives of Brill, a publisher that is particularly strong in the Humanities and Social Sciences. A 340-year-old publishing house, Brill still primarily sells books and journals in a traditional manner, i.e. as hardcopies and online fulltexts behind a paywall. Currently, Brill has a total output of around 1,400 academic books per year. Just over 10% of these titles are published in Open Access thanks to authors (or their institutions) paying a Book Processing Charge (BPC). Among its 300+ peer-reviewed journals, approx. 10% are published according to the Diamond Open Access model, meaning that some sort of sponsorship allows Brill to offer its services with no author- or reader-facing charges. In the discussion, Open Research Officer Stephanie Veldman explains the economic mechanisms and strategic thinking behind Brill’s work in the field of open access. Publishing director for History, Social Sciences and Biology Arjan van Dijk highlights the author’s and editor’s perspectives, using the successful Journal of Jesuit Studies (launched in 2013) as a concrete example. Both Veldman and van Dijk see it as an important part of their mission to increase the proportion of books and journals that are published in open access.
First published online: June 7, 2023
Kunnskapsoppsummering og klassifisering av tiltaket: Cool Kids (1. utg.)
No full textBackground: This paper is a systematic review of the effects of Cool Kids, a program with the main goal of helping children and young people aged 6-18 years to deal with anxiety and related difficulties. The program can be offered both individually and in group format, with approx. 10 meetings. The Cool Kids program is theoretically grounded in cognitive behavioral therapy, emphasizing psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, exposure and parental inclusion. Training, approval of supervisors and approval as a Cool Kids therapist are offered free of charge by RKBU Vest. The program is currently offered in Norway in the municipal health service, the school health service and the specialist health service.
Methods: This review is based on a systematic literature search in the databases Embase, Medline, Psykinfo, NORART, Cochrane, Cristin, NORA, SCOPUS and SweMed. International databases on evidence have also been searched, as well as information about the intervention from the program provider. Results from literature searches and the other information obtained were reviewed to identify Nordic effect studies, international systematic reviews, and eventually other Norwegian studies of the intervention.
Results: The literature search resulted in 220 hits, of which a total of 9 articles were included, eight Nordic effect studies and a systematic review. Cool Kids is described in detail and is theoretically rooted in cognitive behavioral therapy, which has broad research support as a treatment for anxiety disorders. The studies of Cool Kids maintain good research methodological quality, with before, after, and follow-up measurements, relevant and valid and reliable measurement instruments, and a multi-informant perspective in the majority of the studies. The studies were conducted in both a clinical and indicated preventive setting. In the majority of the studies, there was a statistically significant difference between the intervention group (Cool Kids) and the comparison group. In a clinical and indicated preventive context, small to strong effects are generally shown. Follow-up studies show that the effect level is largely maintained over time.
Conclusion: Cool Kids is an evidence-based intervention that has a solid theoretical foundation. The program is well described. Results from Nordic effect studies indicate that the program can contribute to the reduction of anxiety and depressive symptoms compared with regular treatment and the effect has been shown to last over time for several main outcome measures. Cool Kids is classified at evidence level 5 - Measures with strong documentation of effect.Bakgrunn: Denne artikkelen er en kunnskapsoppsummering og klassifisering av tiltaket Cool Kids, et program med hovedmålsetting å hjelpe barn og unge i alderen 6-18 år å håndtere angst og relaterte vansker. Programmet kan tilbys både individuelt og i gruppeformat, med ca. 10 møter. Cool Kids -programmet er teoretisk forankret i kognitiv adferdsterapi. Sentrale metoder i programmet omfatter psykoedukasjon, kognitiv restrukturering, eksponering og inkludering av foreldre. Opplæring, godkjenning av veiledere og godkjenning som Cool Kids-terapeut tilbys gratis av RKBU Vest. Programmet tilbys per i dag i Norge i kommunehelsetjenesten, skolehelsetjenesten og spesialisthelsetjenesten
Metode: Denne kunnskapsoppsummeringen bygger på et systematisk litteratursøk i databasene Embase, Medline og Psykinfo, NORART, Cochrane, Cristin, NORA, SCOPUS og SweMed. Det er også søkt i internasjonale kunnskapsdatabaser om evidens samt innhentet informasjon om tiltaket fra tiltakseier. Litteratursøk og annen innhentet informasjon ble gjennomgått for å identifisere nordiske effektstudier, internasjonale oppsummeringsstudier og eventuelt andre norske studier om tiltaket.
Resultater: Litteratursøket resulterte i 220 treff hvorav totalt 9 artikler ble inkludert, åtte nordiske effektstudier og en kunnskapsoppsummering. Cool Kids er detaljert beskrevet og er teoretisk forankret i kognitiv atferdsterapi, som har bred forskningsstøtte som behandling for angstlidelser. Studiene av Cool Kids holder god forskningsmetodisk kvalitet, med før, etter, og oppfølgingsmålinger, relevante og utprøvde måleinstrumenter og et multiinformant perspektiv i flertallet av studiene. Studiene ble gjennomført både i en klinisk gruppe og en gruppe som fikk indikert forebyggende (barn og ungdom som skårer over en terskelverdi på angst) tiltak. I flertallet av studiene var det en statistisk signifikant forskjell mellom intervensjonsgruppen (Cool Kids) og sammenligningsgruppen. I både en klinisk og i en indikert forebyggende kontekst ble det påvist små til store effektstørrelser. Oppfølgingsstudier viser at effektnivået i stor grad opprettholdes over tid.
Konklusjon: Cool Kids er et evidensbasert tiltak som har et solid teoretisk fundament. Programmet er godt beskrevet. Resultater fra nordiske effektstudier tyder på at programmet kan bidra til reduksjon av angst og depresjonssymptom sammenlignet med vanlig behandling og effekten er vist å holde seg over tid for flere hoved utfallsmål. Cool Kids klassifiseres på evidensnivå 5 – Tiltak med sterk dokumentasjon på effekt