Archives of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine UFRGS
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Petrogênese e Geotermobarometria nos Gnaisses calci-silicáticos da Ponta Grossa, Itapema (SC): evidências de metamorfismo regional de elevado fluxo térmico na região leste do Complexo Brusque
No full textThe Brusque Complex is composed of metavolcano-sedimentary rocks of clastic and chemical nature and constitutes the main unit of the Tijucas Terrane in the state of Santa Catarina. The protoliths of these rocks were deposited in an ensialic or passive margin basin installed on the Archean-Paleoproterozoic crust. The metavolcanic rocks of the complex have a basic composition and have characteristics of continental tholeiites. They are intercalated in a concordant manner with the metasedimentary rocks and are interpreted as records of magmatism contemporary with the sedimentation of the precursor basin. On the east coast of Ponta Grossa, in the municipality of Itapema, calc-silicate gneisses outcrop with notable compositional banding consisting of continuous and mm-thick levels with variable contents of hornblende, biotite, quartz, plagioclase, diopside, magnetite, and ilmenite. In these exposures, mafic gneisses are intercalated with layers of pelitic schists of varying thickness. The compositional variation in continuous layers and the alternation between the mineral components found at each band suggest an origin from the mixing of carbonate mud and volcanic ash, indicating that part of the volcanism found in the Brusque Complex may have a subaerial origin. The banded structure characterizes a relict depositional surface (S0) that is parallel to the regional foliation. The development of intrafolial folds with tight to recumbent forms records the transposition of the S1 and S0 foliations and generates an S2 crenulation cleavage. Microprobe analyses were performed in a para-amphibolite level and indicated that the mafic gneisses are composed of magnesian hornblende and oligoclase (An20-30). The metamorphic crystallization temperature of the S2 foliation, defined by the Pl-Hb geothermobarometer in the calc-silicate gneisses, is 628°C, with a lithostatic pressure of 2.22 Kbar. These conditions were reached by heat transfer originating from the emplacement of magmatic bodies belonging to the Valsungana and Nova Trento suites.O Complexo Brusque é constituído por associações metassedimentares de natureza clástica e química, intercaladas com corpos subordinados de rochas metavulcânicas, e constitui a principal unidade do Terreno Tijucas, no estado de Santa Catarina. Os protólitos destas rochas foram depositados em uma bacia ensiálica ou de margem passiva instalada sobre a crosta arqueana-paleoproterozóica do Terreno Luis Alves. Os metabasaltos do complexo apresentam características de toleítos continentais e constituem corpos concordantes com os metasedimentos, sendo interpretados como contemporâneos à sedimentação da bacia precursora. No costão leste da Ponta Grossa, município de Itapema, afloram gnaisses calci-silicáticos com notável bandamento composicional, constituído por níveis contínuos, de espessura milimétrica, com proporções variáveis de hornblenda, biotita, quartzo, plagioclásio, diopsídio, magnetita e ilmenita. Nestas exposições, estão intercalados com níveis de xistos pelíticos com espessuras variadas. A variação composicional em camadas e a alternância entre os componentes minerais sugerem uma origem a partir da mistura entre lama carbonática e cinzas vulcânicas, indicando que parte do vulcanismo do Complexo Brusque pode ter origem subaérea. O bandamento preserva o acamamento plano-paralelo reliquiar (S0) que está concordante com a foliação regional. O desenvolvimento de dobras intrafoliais com formas apertadas a recumbentes registra a transposição da foliação S1 e da S0 e gera uma clivagem de crenulação S2. As análises de química mineral foram realizadas em nível de para-anfibolito e indicaram que o mineral é composto por hornblenda magnesiana e oligoclásio (An20-30). A temperatura de cristalização metamórfica da foliação S2, definida pelo geotermobarometro Pl-Hb nos gnaisses calci-silicáticos é de 628°C, com uma pressão litostática de 2,22 Kbar. Estas condições foram atingidas a partir da transferência térmica originada pela colocação dos corpos magmáticos pertencentes às suítes Valsungana e Nova Trento.
Caracterização Dimensional Ultrassonográfica Hepática Relacionada com o Status Reprodutivo de Vacas Leiteiras
No full textBackground: Ultrasound examination is an essential and accessible tool to evaluate the liver of dairy cows. Detailed ultrasound evaluation of the liver provides information on the size, position, morphology of the parenchyma, among other characteristics inherent to the organ. Morphological variations in hepatic ultrasound may be related to reproductive status, aiding in the differential diagnosis for liver alterations caused by diseases. However, the relationship between liver ultrasound measures and reproductive status is still unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the liver dimensions of lactating dairy cows and their associations with reproductive status.
Materials, Methods & Results: This work utilized lactating cows and aimed to find any possible relationship between reproduction and liver measurable characteristics. No previous preparation of the cows was necessary, only the application of liquid alcohol at 70% during ultrasound scanning. The ultrasound evaluation of liver morphology was done at the right antimer, at the cranial abdominal region, between 12th and 5th intercostal espace (ICE). Liver measures evaluated: distances of spinous processes from dorsal vertebrae to liver apice (M1); distances of spinous processes from dorsal vertebrae to the furthest ventral limit of liver (M2); measures resulting from differences between 2 anterior vertebrae (M3), distances between lateral liver edge and portal vein (M4) and distances between lateral liver edge and vena cava (M5). In addition, we studied the diameter measures of caudal vena cava and portal vein. The organ showed regular contours and parenchyma with fine homogeneous echotexture of habitual echogenicity, regardless of reproductive status. The caudal vena cava presented triangular shape (shape related to the inlay in the hepatic sulcus) or slightly oval (shape that is not considered normal, correlated with thrombosis, heart failure or compression caused by the chest), with hypoechogenic wall, located at the hepatic edge. In addition, in animals with BCS greater than 3.25, it was more difficult to locate and evaluate the vena cava. The portal vein presented a characteristic rounded shape with branching, hyperechogenic wall and was easier to be localized and evaluated, in relation to the vena cava, even in cows with BCS greater than 3.25. Liver measures were: M1: 35.09 ± 5.92 cm, M2: 66.14 ± 10.71 cm, M3: 31.05 ± 7.96 cm, M4: 95.08 ± 12.66 mm, M5: 128.21 ± 13.64 mm and the diameter of portal vein and caudal portal vein, in mm, were respectively: 40.34 ± 5.79 and 37.83 ± 6.93. Pregnant cows showed M1 < 36 cm, M2 < 66 cm, M3 < 31 cm, M4 < 96 mm and M5 ≥ 128 mm, and empty cows M1 ≥ 36 cm, M2 ≥ 66 cm, M3 ≥ 31 cm, M4 ≥ 96 mm and M5 < 128 mm.
Discussion: The distance of the liver thickness, in the position of the portal vein of pregnant cows, presented a lower value than that of empty cows. The use of reference values in different reproductive stages is recommended for comparison with animals affected by diseases. Liver dimensions and reproductive status of dairy cows showed a significant correlation and may be used in the future for prediction and aid in reproductive diagnosis, as well as for differential diagnoses of liver dysfunctions in these animals. There is enough scientific evidence in the present work to subsidize the presence of a correlation between the reproductive status and ultrasound measures evaluated in this research.
Keywords: liver, ultrasound, cattle, portal vein, vena cava
Intestinal Parasites in Ducks from Central Jiangsu, China : Epidemiological Survey
No full textBackground: Domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) are essential to rural livelihoods, supplying meat and eggs. However, they are frequently affected by intestinal parasites, primarily helminths and protozoa, which reduce growth, egg yield, and survival. Coccidiosis severely impacts ducklings, with infection rates of 30-60%. As duck farming intensifies, parasite dynamics are shifting. While morphological identification is conventional, it lacks resolution for cryptic species. Molecular tools, particularly ribosomal markers, improve detection and phylogenetic accuracy. This study combines both approaches to assess parasite prevalence and diversity in central Jiangsu.
Materials, Methods & Results: Between June and November 2023, fecal samples were collected from 36 duck farms employing diverse rearing systems across 6 districts in 3 cities. Samples were analyzed using morphological methods and PCR amplification of 18S rDNA, ITS, and SSU rRNA gene regions, followed by sequencing. Morphological identification revealed several parasites, including Eimeria anatis, Isospora mandarin, Drepanidotaenia lanceolata, Capillaria spp., and trematode eggs. Molecular data confirmed these findings and further identified associations with reference strains such as Capillaria anatis, Echinostoma miyagawai, and Cryptosporidium baileyi. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 86.11%, with Cryptosporidium spp. most prevalent (58.33%), followed by coccidia (30.56%) and helminths (16.66%). Infection rates varied by region, duck age, and rearing system. Ducks aged 21-50 days exhibited the highest prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. (71.43%), while older ducks showed higher Eimeria spp. infections. Intensive floor-rearing and water-based free-range systems had higher infection rates than courtyard pasture systems.
Discussion: This study revealed a high prevalence and diversity of intestinal parasites in domestic ducks. A 100% infection rate with Cryptosporidium spp. was observed in ducks reared in multilayer cages, despite the absence of helminths or coccidia-likely reflecting hygienic and automated management, though the limited sample size warrants cautious interpretation. Helminth eggs, including D. lanceolata, Capillaria spp., and trematodes, were recovered via nylon-sieve washing and saturated salt flotation. D. lanceolata eggs were distinguished from Fimbriaria fasciolaris by the absence of polar filaments. PCR targeting ITS and 18S rDNA identified trematodes clustering with E. miyagawai and Capillaria spp. with isolates from Gallus gallus domesticus. Coccidian oocysts were preliminarily identified as E. anatis and I. mandarin. The former were ovoid with thick walls and micropyles; high temperature hindered sporulation, complicating differentiation from Tyzzeria perniciosa or Wenyonella philiplevinei. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed E. anatis, while I. mandarin oocysts, containing 2 sporocysts with 4 sporozoites and refractile bodies, showed high similarity (PV785220.1) to waterfowl Eimeria. Close phylogenetic clustering reflects shared Eimeriidae traits in sporozoite development and host invasion. Ecological and immunological characteristics of waterfowl may promote co-infection and niche overlap. Nested PCR targeting SSU rRNA confirmed C. baileyi infection, showing 100% identity with a Passer montanus isolate. While C. baileyi typically infects avian respiratory and intestinal tracts, molecular data on duck-derived isolates in China remain scarce. Overall, this study underscores the substantial burden and diversity of intestinal parasites in ducks from central Jiangsu, emphasizing the importance of integrating morphological and molecular diagnostics. Long-term, large-scale studies are essential for designing targeted control strategies in duck farming systems.
Keywords: ducks, intestinal parasites, molecular identification, epidemiology, rearing systems
Feline Atopic Dermatitis: Therapeutic Potential of Vitamin C as an Adjunct Therapy
No full textBackground: Feline atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as non-flea, non-food hypersensitivity dermatitis, is a chronic pruritic skin condition associated with environmental allergens such as dust mites and pollens. Although the age of onset is variable, it generally occurs before 5 years of age. Similar to dogs, pruritus is a key feature of atopic dermatitis in cats, although the distribution of pruritus and lesions is often more variable. The initial workup should include a thorough history, complete dermatologic and physical examination, and routine tests such as flea combing, skin scrapings, and fungal cultures. A diagnosis of feline AD is established once other differential diagnoses have been excluded. The feline dermatitis extent and severity index (FEDESI) and the scoring feline allergic dermatitis (SCORFAD) are commonly used in the evaluation the severity of feline AD. Treatment of feline AD typically involves a combination of anti-inflammatory medications and supportive care to control pruritus and inflammation. Long-term management should be supported by identifying trigger factors and implementing environmental control measures. This study investigated the potential benefits of vitamin C as an adjunctive treatment for feline AD, utilizing the pruritus visual analog scale (pVAS) and the FEDESI as assessment tools.
Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty cats with dermatological symptoms, free from infectious, parasitic, or fungal diseases, were included. After hematological and diagnostic evaluations, they were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 received methylprednisolone alone, while Group 2 received methylprednisolone combined with vitamin C (25-75 mg/kg) for 14 days. Clinical assessments, pVAS, FEDESI scores, and eosinophil counts were recorded on days 0, 7, and 14. Both groups showed clinical improvement, with reductions in pruritus and skin lesions. However, Group 2 exhibited a more rapid decrease in pVAS and FEDESI scores by day 7. Eosinophil counts also dropped more significantly in the Group 2. By day 14, clinical outcomes were similar between groups, and statistical differences were no longer significant.
Discussion: Feline AD is a pruritic disease in which affected cats exhibit a hypersensitivity reaction to inhaled or contacted environmental allergens. Skin lesions may be seasonal or non-seasonal. In recurrent cases, otitis externa, miliary dermatitis, pruritis in the head and neck region, and eosinophilic granuloma complex lesions may be associated with atopy. The primary symptom is pruritus, and depending on the severity of pruritus, erosion, excoriations and alopecia may be observed in the lesions. In this study, it was observed that the clinical findings were compatible with the literature data. The primary goal of treatment is to reduce pruritus and inflammation to levels below the threshold for clinical manifestation. To achieve this, a classical multimodal approach is typically employed, incorporating both anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents. Although classical treatment yields highly effective results, vitamin C may be considered as an adjunct therapy in the management of feline AD due to its roles in skin barrier support and antioxidant activity. The findings suggest that vitamin C may contribute to faster short-term relief of clinical signs in feline AD, possibly through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. While the long-term efficacy remains uncertain, early results indicate that vitamin C can support initial treatment response when used alongside corticosteroids. In conclusion, parenteral vitamin C may serve as a supportive therapy in feline AD, helping to accelerate early clinical improvement. Further large-scale and long-term studies are necessary to confirm its role in routine treatment protocols.
Keywords: atopic dermatitis, feline, vitamin C
Laboratorío de Pesquísas Clinícas Dr. Mario Bernd
No full textPropaganda Laboratorío de Pesquísas Clinícas Dr. Mario Bern
Revista de novos livros
No full textComentários sobre o livro Insuficiência hepática en la cirurgia del ígado, Dr. Osvaldo F. Mazzini. Buenos Aires. El Atenco. 1938
Discurso pronunciado na Faculdade de Medicina por ocasião da recepção ao ilustre oculista espanhol Prof. [Hermenegildo] Arruga em 30 de junho de 1938
No full text
Combate á lepra
No full textComo homenagem à campanha que se realiza em prol do Amparo Santa Cruz, obra de grande benemerência social, os "Arquivos Rio Grandenses de Medicina" publicam o discurso do ilustre prof. Raul Moreira, proferido na sessão de encerramento