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Análise experimental do comportamento ao cisalhamento de vigas de concreto reforçado com fibras de aço (CRFA)
No full textSteel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) is a composite in which the fibers act as reinforcement and control crack opening, modifying the post-cracking behavior of the matrix. The addition of the steel fibers in concrete enhances the shear capacity of beams. SFRC redistributes tensile stresses in diagonally cracked regions due to shear and increases overall strength. Shear failure is brittle in beams lacking or having insuficiente transverse reinforcement. The addition of steel fibers in beams promotes a ductile failure mode and representes an alternative to the use of stirrups. This research aims to investigate the influence of steel fibers on shear behavior of beams without stirrups. Fibers were added to concrete mixes with compressive strength of 30 MPa and 40 MPa, in quantities of 80, 100, and 120 kg/m3 (1%, 1.25%, and 1.50%, respectively). The beams were subjected to flexural loading, and their structural behavior was analyzed. The results indicate a change in the failure mode from brittle to ductile, along with a significant increase in load capacity, correlated with the increase in fiber content. Strain in the reinforcement bars was reduced due to presence of fibers. Experimental values were accurately predicted by the formulation provided in the Brazilian standard.O concreto reforçado com fibras de aço (CRFA) é um material compósito onde as fibras atuam como reforço e controlam a abertura das fissuras, alterando o comportamento após ruptura da matriz. Fibras de aço inseridas no concreto aumentam a capacidade de vigas ao cisalhamento. O CRFA redistribui tensões de tração da diagonal fissurada pelo cisalhamento e aumenta a resistência. A ruptura por cortante é frágil em vigas com ausência ou insuficiente armadura transversal. A adição de fibras de aço em vigas promove ruptura dúctil e é alternativa na substituição dos estribos. A pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar a influência de fibras de aço no comportamento ao cisalhamento de vigas sem estribos. As fibras foram adicionadas a concretos de resistência à compressão 30 MPa e 40 MPa, em quantidades de 80, 100 e 120 kg/m3 (1%, 1,25% e 1,50%, respectivamente). As vigas foram solicitadas à flexão e o comportamento estrutural foi analisado. Resultados obtidos indicam alteração do modo de ruína frágil para dúctil com elevação significativa nos valores das forças e relação com o aumento na quantidade das fibras. As deformações específicas nas barras da armadura foram reduzidas com a presença das fibras. Os valores teóricos da capacidade resistente das vigas de CRFA estimados pela norma brasileira são praticamente iguais aos experimentais
Machine Learning and Explainable Artificial Intelligence in Carbon Nanotubes Predictions
No full textNanotechnology is an area that can be applied in all fields of science and nanomaterials, such as Carbon Nanotubes (CNT), have been the subject of studies in order to reduce costs, time for experiments and development. CNTs have diverse applications because they are highly rigid, have high strength, and have low density. Because of this, the evaluation of the properties of carbon nanotubes and identification of their coordinates are important fields of research for science. Many real problems predictions, including those on carbon nanotubes, are Multi-Target Regression (MTR) tasks, where multiple continuous target variables are predicted. Machine learning techniques are well suited to address these types of problem. However, the literature reports approaches composed of complex models, which are manually configured and do not present any level of explainability. The goal of this work is to use an Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) technique, for which 10 classic machine learning algorithms are available. The proposal, named OurAlg, uses ensemble learning and AutoML to choose an ensemble of algorithms and their hyperparameters to handle MTR problems. Three CNT data sets were used in the experiments, with 3 and 4 targets, to predict the coordinates and properties of the carbon nanotubes. We also tested our approach on a set of 18 real-world data sets, with different numbers of targets, to evaluate its performance. In addition, an explainable artificial intelligence method was applied to CNT problems. Statistical tests were used and the OurAlg algorithm was compared favorably with classical algorithms and also with the literature
"O indivíduo não existe só": Sobre retratos e autorretratos na biografia de Tarsila do Amaral
No full textThis paper reviews the book “Tarsila: uma vida doce-amarga”, written by Mary del Priore (2022). The aim of the present work is to highlight the main angles and choices made by the biographical author in order to develop narratives regarding the life and the trajectory of Tarsila do Amaral, a Brazilian artist understood as a symbol of the modernist movement. Covering the artist's childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age, the analyzed book focuses on her social relationships, her experiences in the arts, in culture and in politics. Accordingly, this review seeks to highlight the biographical genre as a relevant possibility for historiographical studies, considering that such works, by focusing on an individual trajectory, culminate in addressing collective trajectories and experiences. In this sense, it is discussed how biographies are able to account for multiple historical contexts and processes.O presente trabalho se refere à resenha da obra “Tarsila: uma vida doce-amarga”, de Mary del Priore (2022). Busca-se destacar os principais enquadramentos e escolhas realizados pela autora para construir narrativas sobre a vida e trajetória de Tarsila do Amaral, artista brasileira que se tornou símbolo do movimento modernista. Perpassando pela infância, adolescência, vida adulta e velhice da artista, o livro foca em suas relações de sociabilidades, suas vivências e experiências nas artes, cultura e política. Ainda, procura-se destacar nesta resenha o gênero biográfico como uma possibilidade relevante para a historiografia, uma vez que, ao versar sobre uma trajetória individual, acaba por abarcar trajetórias e experiências coletivas. Nesse sentido, as biografias podem abordar distintos contextos e processos históricos. 
Corpos e território em cerco:: A subjetividade da segregação no conflito israelo-palestino
No full textThis article investigates the Israeli-Palestinian conflict from a critical perspective, integrating Achille Mbembe's necropolitics and the intersectionality expanded by Jasbir Puar through the concept of agency (assemblages). Focusing on the concept of the “right to mutilate,” we aim to analyze how sovereign power not only decides who lives or dies, but also uses debilitation as a biopolitical control strategy through colonial dynamics that sustain the Israeli occupation in the Palestinian territories. The text examines how practices of violence, infrastructural destruction, and intergenerational impact shape experiences of oppression and resistance, particularly among Palestinians. It highlights that these practices are not limited to immediate death but also include the economic exploitation of debilitated bodies, transformed into circulatory capital. We also explore how the intersections of race, gender, and class shape the experiences of oppression and resistance in the territory, and interact to perpetuate inequalities within the colonial context.Este artigo investiga o conflito israelo-palestino a partir de uma perspectiva crítica, integrando as teorias da necropolítica de Achille Mbembe e da interseccionalidade expandida por Jasbir Puar a partir do conceito de agenciamento (assemblages). Com foco no conceito de “direito de mutilar” propomo-nos a analisar como o poder soberano não apenas decide quem vive ou morre, mas também utiliza a debilidade como estratégia de controle biopolítico a partir de dinâmicas coloniais que sustentam a ocupação israelense nos territórios palestinos. O texto examina como práticas de violência, destruição infraestrutural e impacto intergeracional moldam as experiências de opressão e resistência, especialmente entre palestinos. Destaca-se que essas práticas não se limitam à morte imediata, mas incluem a exploração econômica de corpos debilitados, transformados em capital circulatório. Exploramos, ainda, como as intersecções de raça, gênero e classe moldam as vivências de opressão e resistência no território e se interagem para perpetuar as desigualdades no contexto colonial
Enchentes, açudes e a cidade: as inundações na cidade de São Raimundo Nonato, Piauí, durante as grandes enchentes do Rio Piauí (1910-2004)
No full textThis article explores the effects of the floods of the Piauí River, an intermittent river, on the city of São Raimundo Nonato based on the articulation between the memories of residents of the communities Fechadão, Caldeirão and Lagoa Dantas, located in the rural area of the municipality of São Raimundo Nonato, state of Piauí, with written documents such as newspapers, technical reports from the Inspection of Works Against Drought (IOCS), bulletins from the National Department of Works Against Drought (DNOCS) and the encyclopedia of Brazilian municipalities. In dialogue with Emile O’Gorman and Tainara Santana de Castro, I understand floods as an event that is awaited, celebrated and that impacts people’s daily lives. However, at the same time that floods are expected, they bring with them the possibility of flooding in the center of São Raimundo. The presence of dams and the filling of parts of the riverbed for the construction of houses and commercial establishments have increased the destructive power of inundation and, in the context of climate change, represent a constant threat to the city center.Este artigo aborda os efeitos das enchentes do Rio Piauí, um rio intermitente, sobre a cidade de São Raimundo Nonato a partir da articulação entre a memória de moradores das comunidades rurais Fechadão, Caldeirão e Lagoa Dantas com documentos escritos como jornais, relatório técnicos da Inspetoria de Obras Contra a Seca (IOCS), dentre outros. No plano teórico-metodológico diálogo com Emily O’Gormam (2009) e Tainara Santana de Castro (2022) para pensar as enchentes como um evento que é aguardado, comemorado e que impacta o cotidiano das pessoas, com Paul Ricoeur (1994) e Halbwachs (1990) para pensar a memória como um processo de interpretação e recriação de perspectivas de futuro. Na narrativa das pessoas há uma separação entre enchentes, desejadas, e inundações, causadoras de destruição, que permeia o modo como os alagamentos da cidade de São Raimundo são vivenciados e lembrados.
Do Tabuleiro ao Digital: Avaliação e Expansão do Jogo Os Aventureiros da Vila Belga na Educação Patrimonial
No full textO artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento e a avaliação do jogo Os Aventureiros da Vila Belga e de seu gerenciador digital de narrativas, concebidos para promover a valorização do patrimônio histórico e cultural no contexto do Distrito Criativo Centro-Gare, em Santa Maria (RS). O jogo físico, de caráter cooperativo e narrativo-investigativo, adota a estrutura de um livro-jogo, em que as decisões dos participantes conduzem o avanço da história e a resolução dos desafios. Ele foi avaliado quanto à estética, jogabilidade e potencial educativo, apresentando resultados positivos de engajamento, cooperação e aprendizagem contextualizada. Foi desenvolvido um gerenciador digital que permite criar novas aventuras baseadas na estrutura original, ampliando sua replicabilidade e autoria docente. A avaliação da ferramenta indicou usabilidade satisfatória e coerência com sua proposta educacional
Guia de Gamificação Personalizada no Design de Jogos Inclusivos para Pessoas com TEA: Diretrizes para a Educação Imersiva
No full textEsta revisão sistemática da literatura (2019–2024) investigou diretrizes de gamificação personalizada aplicadas ao design de jogos digitais inclusivos para pessoas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). As buscas foram realizadas nas bases IEEE, ACM e Scopus, com critérios de inclusão e exclusão previamente definidos. A análise resultou na sistematização de diretrizes organizadas em quatro categorias: visuais, relacionadas à clareza e à adaptação de estímulos gráficos; estruturais, voltadas à sequência e à previsibilidade das tarefas; de feedback, que abrangem respostas imediatas e multimodais; e colaborativas, que destacam a participação de especialistas em TEA no processo de design. O guia elaborado a partir dessas evidências fornece parâmetros técnicos para designers, além de apoio pedagógico a educadores e terapeutas, favorecendo a acessibilidade, a imersão e o engajamento em contextos educacionais e terapêuticos
Projeto Snotra: promovendo a educação alimentar através do pensamento computacional e aprendizagem baseada em problemas
No full textEste estudo investigou a integração do Pensamento Computacional (PC) e da Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (PBL) na educação alimentar de 23 adolescentes do ensino médio de uma escola pública no interior do RS. A metodologia envolveu o desenvolvimento do projeto Snotra , uma formação interativa na plataforma Scratch baseada nos princípios da Design Science Research. As atividades, mediadas por uma docente de Biologia, progrediram desde a lógica de programação e seus fundamentos, como variáveis e condicionais, até projetos autorais focados em temas como macronutrientes e cálculo de IMC. Os resultados demonstraram que a abordagem interdisciplinar e o trabalho colaborativo promoveram uma aprendizagem contextualizada sobre alimentação saudável, desenvolvendo habilidades de PC como abstração, decomposição e reconhecimento de padrões, mesmo em alunos sem experiência prévia. Conclui-se que a integração do PC e PBL é uma abordagem eficaz e replicável para fortalecer o protagonismo estudantil e conferir um caráter aplicado e significativo à aprendizagem de temas complexos
Tonsillar Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Dog: Therapeutic Effects of Carboplatin Alone and Adjuvant Piroxicam
No full textBackground: Primary tonsillar neoplasia in dogs is rare, and among these tumors, tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is of particular concern because of its aggressive biological behavior, high metastatic rate, and generally poor prognosis. Reported treatment strategies for this include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, the optimal therapeutic approach remains undefined, and data regarding the efficacy of systemic chemotherapy as a single modality are limited. This report describes the clinical course and outcome of a dog with advanced tonsillar SCC managed with carboplatin in combination with adjuvant piroxicam.
Case: A 14-year-old castrated male Mongrel dog was evaluated for anorexia, lethargy, and bilateral cervical masses. Physical examination and ultrasonography identified marked enlargement of the bilateral medial retropharyngeal and right submandibular lymph nodes (LNs), as well as a hypoechoic nodule in the spleen. Fine needle aspiration of both the lymph nodes and the splenic lesion revealed malignant epithelial cells. Computed tomography further demonstrated a right tonsillar mass consistent with a primary tumor, supporting a diagnosis of tonsillar SCC with concurrent lymph node and splenic metastases. The patient underwent 7 cycles of carboplatin chemotherapy (179.4-207 mg/m2, intravenous, every 3 weeks) administered concurrently with oral piroxicam (0.3 mg/kg, once, daily). Following the initial cycle, the dog exhibited rapid improvement in clinical signs, including resolution of anorexia, lethargy, and weight loss. Serial physical examination and imaging demonstrated a partial response, characterized by substantial reduction in the cumulative size of metastatic lymph nodes and complete resolution of splenic metastasis although the primary tonsillar lesion remained stable in size. After the 7th carboplatin cycle, the dog developed severe neutropenia accompanied by gastrointestinal signs, prompting discontinuation of chemotherapy at the owner’s request. Palliative management with piroxicam alone was continued, but progressive lymphadenopathy and worsening clinical symptoms ensued. The patient was transitioned to hospice care and died at home 53 days after cessation of chemotherapy, surviving 208 days from the time of diagnosis.
Discussion: This case highlights several important clinical considerations in the management of canine tonsillar SCC. Although regional lymph node involvement is common, the occurrence of splenic metastasis is rare, underscoring the importance of comprehensive diagnostic staging in patients with suspected primary tonsillar tumors. While multiple treatment modalities are available, including surgery and radiation therapy, no single strategy has been shown to consistently improve long-term outcomes, particularly in cases with advanced local invasion or metastasis where local therapies are of limited benefit. In this patient, the combination of carboplatin and piroxicam achieved meaningful clinical improvement, prolonged survival, and control of metastatic lesions in the absence of surgery or radiotherapy. These findings suggest that carboplatin, when administered alongside NSAID therapy, may provide therapeutic benefit in selected cases of advanced canine tonsillar SCC. Further studies are warranted to establish the efficacy, safety, and optimal role of chemotherapy and adjunctive agents in the management of this aggressive neoplasm.
Keywords: dogs, tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma, carboplatin, chemotherapy, piroxicam
Osteossíntese de Metatarso em uma Terneira Neonata
No full textBackground: In ruminants, metacarpal and metatarsal fractures are more frequent in young animals, typically due to trauma during dystocia management, improper handling, or maternal trampling. Diagnosis is based on history, clinical signs, and radiographic examination. In most cases, initial assessment consists of determining the location and type of fracture and the cost of treatment. This study reports the case of a complete transverse fracture in the distal third of the diaphysis of the 3rd metatarsal bone of a newborn calf, with treatment consisting of osteosynthesis using a locking plate and screws.
Case: A 3-day-old female Nellore calf, weighing 30 kg, presented with functional impotence of the right pelvic limb stemming from being trampled by its mother. X-ray examination revealed a complete transverse fracture of the distal 3rd of the diaphysis of the 3rd metatarsal bone. The calf underwent an osteosynthesis procedure with internal fixation using a 3.5-mm locking plate and 5 screws, extending from the proximal to the distal region of the metatarsal. After internal fixation, bone positioning and joint motion range were evaluated and found to be within normal limits. In the post-operative period, the calf received meloxicam1 [Maxicam 2%®️ - 0.1 mg/kg, SC, every 24 h for 3 days], dipyrone monohydrate2 [Dipirona Ibasa 50%®️ - 25 mg/kg, SC, every 24 h for 5 days], tramadol hydrochloride3 [Cronidor 2%®️ - 2 mg/kg, IM, every 12 h for 3 days], and ceftiofur sodium4 [Cef50®️ - 1 mg/kg, IM, every 24 h for 7 days]. The limb was externally immobilized for 15 days, changed every 5 days. X-rays were taken immediately and 30 days after surgery to assess the apposition, alignment, apparatuses, and biological activity of the healed area. The implant was removed 86 days after surgery due to both good bone healing of the fragments and the absence of a fracture line.
Discussion: There is a high prevalence of metacarpal and metatarsal bone fractures in cattle due to the lack of protective soft tissue and vulnerability to external trauma. Their occurrence is often associated with inadequate handling practices, dystocia, or accidents such as maternal trampling. Fractures are identified by clinical signs such as swelling, pain, lameness, crepitus, and limb impotence. Imaging tests are essential to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate treatment, which depends on factors such as fracture type and extent, soft tissue damage, and economic viability. The choice of treatment methods varies between confinement, external coaptation, and external or internal fixation. In the present case, the use of a locking plate and screws was chosen due to the weight of the calf, which was similar to that of a large dog. This approach presents advantages essential for proper fracture healing, such as lower tissue damage, preservation of periosteal irrigation, and bone stability. The combination of internal fixation and external immobilization using synthetic plaster was strategic, ensuring stability and facilitating walking during the recovery period. The report emphasizes the importance of an individualized choice of treatment, considering not only the surgical technique but also post-operative monitoring and environmental management to prevent complications. The case illustrates the effectiveness of using a locking plate in specific situations, highlighting the progress achieved in fracture management in cattle.
Keywords: ruminant, neonatal, fracture, locking plate, internal fixation.
Título: Osteossíntese de metatarso em uma terneira neonata
Descritores: ruminantes, neonato, fratura, placa bloqueada, fixação interna. Background: In ruminants, metacarpal and metatarsal fractures are more frequent in young animals, typically due to trauma during dystocia management, improper handling, or maternal trampling. Diagnosis is based on history, clinical signs, and radiographic examination. In most cases, initial assessment consists of determining the location and type of fracture and the cost of treatment. This study reports the case of a complete transverse fracture in the distal third of the diaphysis of the third metatarsal bone of a bovine, with treatment consisting of osteosynthesis using a locking plate and screws.
Case: A three-day-old female Nelore cattle, weighing 30 kg, presented with functional impotence of the right pelvic limb stemming from being trampled by its mother. X-ray examination revealed a complete transverse fracture of the distal third of the diaphysis of the third metatarsal bone. The calf underwent an osteosynthesis procedure with internal fixation using a 3.5-mm locking plate and five screws, extending from the proximal to the distal region of the metatarsal. After internal fixation, bone positioning and joint motion range were evaluated and found to be within normal limits. In the post-operative period, the calf received meloxicam1 (Maxicam 2%®️ at a dose of 0.1mg/kg, subcutaneously, every 24 hours for three days), dipyrone monohydrate2 (Dipirona Ibasa 50%®️, 25mg/kg, subcutaneously, every 24 hours for five days), tramadol hydrochloride3 (Cronidor 2%®️, 2mg/kg, intramuscularly, every twelve hours for three days), and ceftiofur sodium4 (Cef50®️, 1mg/kg, intramuscularly, every 24 hours for seven days). The limb was externally immobilized for 15 days, changed every five days. X-rays were taken immediately and 30 days after surgery to assess the apposition, alignment, apparatuses, and biological activity of the healed area. The implant was removed 86 days after surgery due to both good bone healing of the fragments and the absence of a fracture line.
Discussion: There is a high prevalence of metacarpal and metatarsal bone fractures in cattle due to the lack of protective soft tissue and vulnerability to external trauma. Their occurrence is often associated with inadequate handling practices, dystocia, or accidents such as maternal trampling. Fractures are identified by clinical signs such as swelling, pain, lameness, crepitus, and limb impotence. Imaging tests are essential to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate treatment, which depends on factors such as fracture type and extent, soft tissue damage, and economic viability. The choice of treatment methods varies between confinement, external coaptation, and external or internal fixation. In the present case, the use of a locking plate and screws was chosen due to the weight of the calf, which was similar to that of a large dog. This approach presents advantages essential for proper fracture healing, such as lower tissue damage, preservation of periosteal irrigation, and bone stability. The combination of internal fixation and external immobilization using synthetic plaster was strategic, ensuring stability and facilitating walking during the recovery period. The report emphasizes the importance of an individualized choice of treatment, considering not only the surgical technique but also post-operative monitoring and environmental management to prevent complications. The case illustrates the effectiveness of using a locking plate in specific situations, highlighting the progress achieved in fracture management in cattle