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Elección judicial o parlamentaria del Consejo General del Poder Judicial: impacto en la independencia judicial
No full textEl Consejo General del Poder Judicial (CGPJ) fue erigido por la Constitución Española de 1978 como el órgano encargado de gobierno del Poder Judicial, con la responsabilidad de asegurar la independencia de jueces y magistrados, protegiéndolos de cualquier interferencia de otros poderes del Estado. Sin embargo, tanto la estructura como el sistema de elección de los miembros han sido objeto de un intenso debate. La politización inherente al proceso de elección parlamentaria de los miembros ha puesto en entredicho la independencia del poder judicial, generando un creciente escepticismo sobre la capacidad de este sistema para asegurar un autogobierno judicial efectivo. Este trabajo analiza la evolución histórica del sistema de elección español del CGPJ con especial atención a las reformas legislativas y a la experiencia comparada del modelo italiano. Asimismo, se aborda el debate a nivel europeo y se exploran las implicaciones de la elección judicial o parlamentaria en la independencia judicial
Las redes sociales en la cobertura de conflictos: las percepciones de los periodistas ante los riesgos, las oportunidades y el impacto en las rutinas profesionales
No full textEl uso de las redes sociales ha influido inevitablemente en las rutinas y condiciones laborales de los periodistas que cubren conflictos desde su consolidación durante la Primavera Árabe. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es analizar la visión que los medios españoles tienen acerca de la influencia de las tecnologías digitales en el oficio e indagar en las percepciones que los periodistas muestran en cuanto a los riesgos que presentan y en su impacto tanto en periodistas de plantilla como freelance. El análisis se ha realizado mediante entrevistas en profundidad realizadas a tanto a periodistas de conflicto como a responsables de internacional de medios de comunicación españoles (n=23). Entre los resultados destacan la alta visibilización y accesibilidad, la demanda constante de actualización junto con el consecuente aumento de trabajo, el deterioro de la información fruto del empeoramiento de las condiciones laborales y los retos relativos a las herramientas de seguridad digital que carecen de su presencia en los medios españoles. Finalmente, la necesidad de promocionarse en redes, especialmente en el caso de los periodistas freelance, además de repercutir en sus oportunidades laborales, se presenta como parte de una estrategia para posicionar la marca del medio
Business-as-usual trends will largely miss 2030 global conservation targets
No full textTo address climate change and global biodiversity loss, the world must hit three important international conservation targets by 2030: protect 30% of terrestrial and marine areas, halt and reverse forest loss, and restore 350 Mha of degraded and deforested landscapes. Here, we (1) provide estimates of the gaps between these globally agreed targets and business-as-usual trends; (2) identify examples of rapid past trend-shifts towards achieving the targets; and (3) link these past trend-shifts to different levers. Our results suggest that under a business-as-usual scenario, the world will fail to achieve all three targets. However, trend-shifts that rapidly “bend the curve” have happened in the past and these should therefore be fostered. These trend-shifts are linked to transformative change levers that include environmental governance, economic factors, values, and knowledge. Further research on trend-shifts, as well as bold action on underlying levers, is urgently needed to meet 2030 global conservation targets. © The Author(s) 2024.We thank Eric Lambin and Elena Bennett for their comments on an earlier version of this article. IP was funded by the French National Research Agency\u2019s Programme d\u2019Investissements d\u2019Avenir grant number ANR-19-MPGA-0009. SL was funded by the project PEPRSOLU-BIOD. JMB was funded under UKCEH National Capability projects 09220 and NE/X006247/1. UP acknowledges the Maria de Maeztu excellence accreditation 2023-2026 (Ref. CEX2021-001201-M) which provided funding via MCIN/AEI/ https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033
Experiencia mítica en la experiencia estética: La materialidad intangible
No full textIn mythical thought, poetry and plastic art are given in an immaterial way, in terms of the production of images and in the act of creation is gestated indefinitely in an eternal return and eloquence of the archetype. The relationship between freedom and necessity occurs in the linkage of the mythemes, as between art and nature, as Schelling had already postulated. Also as consciousness and non-consciousness of creation. In these relationships, encounters occur that generate beauty thus making the myth aesthetic and unfathomable, since it belongs to the psyche, to the divine. This beauty is generated in ethical choices, bringing it closer to the idea of good. The lack of hierophanies in art implies an artistic insignificance that brings it closer to the circumstantial than to the transcendental. These manifestations, more typical of an art attached to or absorbed by the current socio-political system, have lost their sacred character. The mythical experience has been largely extirpated from aesthetics, becoming ephemeral and devoid of the essence that is most proper to it.; En el pensamiento mítico se dan poesía y arte plástico de un modo inmaterial, en cuanto a producción de imágenes y por cuanto se gesta indefinidamente el acto de creación en un eterno retorno y elocuencia del arquetipo. la relación de libertad y necesidad se da en la ilación de los mitemas como entre arte y naturaleza, como Schelling ya postulara. También como consciencia y no consciencia de la creación. en dichas relaciones se producen encuentros que generan belleza haciendo al mito estético e insondable, pues compete a la psiqué, a lo divino. Esta belleza se genera en elecciones de índole ética, acercándolo a la idea de bien. La carencia de hierofanías en el arte supone una intrascendencia artística que lo acerca más a lo circunstancial que a lo trascendental. Estas manifestaciones, más propias de un arte adherido o absorbido por el sistema sociopolítico actual, han perdido su carácter sagrado. La experiencia mítica ha sido en gran parte extirpada de la estética, resultando efímero y exento de la esencia que le es más propia
Neural dynamics of social verb processing: an MEG study
No full textPublished on 27 December 2024Human vocabularies include specifc words to communicate interpersonal behaviors, a core linguistic function mainly afforded by
social verbs (SVs). This skill has been proposed to engage dedicated systems subserving social knowledge. Yet, neurocognitive evidence
is scarce, and no study has examined spectro-temporal and spatial signatures of SV access. Here, we combined magnetoencephalogra phy and time-resolved decoding methods to characterize the neural dynamics underpinning SVs, relative to nonsocial verbs (nSVs), via
a lexical decision task. Time-frequency analysis revealed stronger beta (20 Hz) power decreases for SVs in right fronto-temporal sensors
at early stages. Time-resolved decoding showed that beta oscillations signifcantly discriminated SVs and nSVs between 180 and 230 ms.
Sources of this effect were traced to the right anterior superior temporal gyrus (a key hub underpinning social conceptual knowledge) as
well as parietal, pre/motor and prefrontal cortices supporting nonverbal social cognition. Finally, representational similarity analyses
showed that the observed fronto-temporal neural patterns were specifcally predicted by verbs’ socialness, as opposed to other psy cholinguistic dimensions such as sensorimotor content, emotional valence, arousal, and concreteness. Overall, verbal conveyance
of socialness seems to involve distinct neurolinguistic patterns, partly shared by more general sociocognitive and lexicosemantic
processes.This research was supported by the Basque Government
through the BERC 2022-2025 program and by the Spanish State
Research Agency through BCBL Severo Ochoa excellence accreditation CEX2020-001010-S, and the project PID2021-123575OB I00 (SCANCER) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and
Innovation (MICINN). Adolfo García is an Atlantic Fellow at the
Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI) and is supported by the
National Institute On Aging of the National Institutes of Health
(R01AG075775, 2P01AG019724, R01AG083799); ANID (FONDECYT
Regular 1210176, 1210195); Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científca y Tecnológica (01-PICTE-2022-05-00103); Programa Inter disciplinario de Investigación Experimental en Comunicación y
Cognición (PIIECC), Facultad de Humanidades, USACH; and the
Multi-partner Consortium to Expand Dementia Research in Latin
America (ReDLat), which is supported by the Fogarty International Center and the National Institutes of Health, the National
Institute on Aging (R01AG057234, R01AG075775, R01AG21051, and
CARDS-NIH), Alzheimer’s Association (SG-20-725707), Rainwater
Charitable Foundation’s Tau Consortium, the Bluefeld Project
to Cure Frontotemporal Dementia, and the Global Brain Health
Institute. This project received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 101025814
Effectiveness of a nutrition education programme for individuals with celiac disease and their supporters through social media (GLUTLEARN project)
No full textIntroduction
Social media has become a popular tool for patients with Celiac Disease (CD) to find information about their disease. However, limited research has been conducted to evaluate the impact of information shared on social media, specifically regarding CD.
Objetive
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a nutrition education program on CD and gluten-free diet (GFD) delivered through social networks by experts in the field.
Method
The program, called GLUTLEARN, was delivered over six weeks via Instagram to individuals with CD and their supporters (people involved in the care of individuals with CD). Pre and post-intervention questionnaires were used to evaluate the program's effectiveness.
Results
A total of 93 participants (63 with CD, 30 supporters), predominantly female (92.5 %) and European (93.5 %), took part in the program. GLUTLEARN has been found to be effective in improving the knowledge of people with CD and their supporters and improving attitudes among individuals. Furthermore, they showed a high level of concern about the disease and an interest in continuous learning.
Conclusion
Social networks give advantages for promoting nutrition education. Nevertheless, it is important to feed these nets with reliable information. The GLUTLEARN program is a valuable method for delivering reliable and current education about CD and the GFD, which leads to better disease control. It would be beneficial for more interventions to focus not only on individuals with CD but also on those who are avoiding gluten for various reasons or are involved in their care.Maialen Vázquez-Polo and Gesala Perez-Junkera are fellowships of the University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, and the Basque Government, respectively. The GLUTEN3S research group is supported by a grant (GIU18/78, GIU21/053) from the UPV/EHU, and it is recognized by the Basque Government (IT-1419-19). This research was funded by two grants from the University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU (University-Society US20/16 and US22/22)
Adimen artifiziala giza baliabideen aukeraketa prozesuan: pertsonalitate test-ak
No full textLanak, Adimen artifiziala (AA) giza baliabideen kudeaketan iraultza nola egiten ari den aztertzen du, talentuaren hautaketan zentratuz. AAk hautagaiak identifikatzeko, gaitasunak ebaluatzeko eta datuetan oinarritutako erabakiak hartzeko duen eragina aztertzen du, eta prozesua eraginkorragoa eta zehatzagoa izateko duen ahalmena nabarmentzen du. Gainera, langileak hautatzeko funtsezko zereginak optimizatzen dituen laguntzaile birtual bat diseinatzea planteatzen da, hura ezartzearen onurei eta mugei buruz gogoeta eginez
Machine learning for predicting the diagnosis of tuberculous versus malignant pleural effusion: External validation and accuracy in two different settings
No full textObjective: To perform an external validation of a previously reported machine learning (ML) approach for predicting the diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis.
Patients and methods: We defined two cohorts: a Training group, comprising 273 out of 1,220 effusions from our prospective study (2013-2022); and a Testing group, from a retrospective analysis of 360 effusions from 832 consecutive patients in Bajo Deba health district (1996-2012). All the effusions included were exudative and lymphocytic. In Training and Testing groups respectively, 49 and 104 cases were tuberculous, 143 and 92 were malignant, and 81 and 164 were diagnosed with "other diseases"; pre-test probabilities of pleural tuberculosis were 4% and 12.7%. Variables included were: age, pH, adenosine deaminase, glucose, protein, and lactate dehydrogenase levels, and white cell counts (total and differential) in pleural fluid. We used two ML classifiers: binary (tuberculous and non-tuberculous), and three-class (tuberculous, malignant, and others); and compared them with Bayesian analysis.
Results: The best binary classifier yielded a sensitivity of 88%, specificity of 98%, and accuracy of 95%. The best three-class classifier achieved the same accuracy and correctly classified 83% (77/92) of malignant cases. The ML models yielded higher positive predictive values than Bayesian analysis based on ADA > 40 U/l and lymphocyte percentage ≥ 50% (92%).
Conclusions: This external validation confirms the good performance of the previously reported ML approach for predicting the diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis based on exudative and lymphocytic pleural effusions, and for discriminating the cases most lik