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Etorkizuneko Ikasgela eta STEAM Ikas-egoera baten diseinuan oinarritutako hezkuntza berrikuntzaren proposamena
No full text[EU] Hezkuntza-sistema gizartearen beharrei erantzuteko prest egon behar da, eta beraz, erronka berriei erantzuteko prest. Hala, behar edo erronka horiei aurre egiteko espazioa kontuan hartu behar den alderdia dela justifikatu da, zeinetan Etorkizuneko Ikasgelak oinarri diren. Hori horrela, espazioaren, teknologiaren eta pedagogiaren garrantzia aztertu da, eta baita indarrean dagoen legea ere; izan ere, ikaskuntza esanguratsua izan dadin, testuingurura egokitzea ezinbestekoa da. Ondorioz, Etorkizuneko Ikasgela baten diseinua proposatzen da lan honetan eta baita STEAMen oinarritutako ikas-egoera baten diseinua ere, zeinetan Garapen Iraunkorreko Helburu batzuk barne hartzen diren. Aipatutakoa kontuan hartuta, ikaskuntza aberasgarria eta esanguratsua izan dadin, argi izan behar da etengabeko hausnarketa eta egokitzapena direla hezkuntza berritzaile eta eraginkor baten ezaugarri nagusiak.[ES] El sistema educativo debe estar preparado para responder a las necesidades de la sociedad y, por tanto, a los nuevos retos. Así, se ha justificado que el espacio es un aspecto a tener en cuenta para afrontar estas necesidades o retos, en los que se basan las Aulas del Futuro. De ese modo, se ha analizado la importancia del espacio, la tecnología y la pedagogía, así como la ley vigente, ya que para que el aprendizaje sea significativo, la adaptación al contexto es imprescindible. En consecuencia, en este trabajo se propone el diseño de un Aula de Futuro y de una situación de aprendizaje basada en STEAM, en la que se incluyen algunos Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, para que el aprendizaje sea enriquecedor y significativo, hay que tener claro que una educación innovadora y eficaz se caracteriza por la reflexión y la adaptación continua.[EN] The education system must be prepared to respond to the needs of society and, therefore, to new challenges. Thus, it has been justified that space is an aspect to be taken into account in order to face these needs or challenges, on which the Future Classrooms are based. In this way, the importance of space, technology and pedagogy has been analysed, as well as the current law, since for learning to be meaningful, adaptation to the context is essential. Consequently, this work proposes the design of a Future Classroom and a learning situation based on STEAM, in which some Sustainable Development Goals are included. Taking into account the above, in order for learning to be enriching and meaningful, it must be clear that innovative and effective education is characterised by reflection and continuous adaptation
Ddesarrollo de competencias genéricas en la educación tecnológica mexicana: análisis desde la perspectiva del estudiantado
No full text368 p.Esta tesis doctoral analiza el desarrollo de competencias genéricas en estudiantes de Institutos Tecnológicos del Tecnológico Nacional de México (TecNM), fundamentales en un mercado laboral globalizado. Basado en el modelo Tuning América Latina, se investigan competencias instrumentales, interpersonales y sistémicas, así como su relación con factores sociodemográficos y académicos. Además, se evalúa el impacto de metodologías activas como el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas.El marco teórico destaca la importancia de estas competencias en la formación integral de profesionales. La metodología emplea un enfoque cuantitativo, no experimental y transversal, con datos obtenidos mediante encuestas a estudiantes de tecnológicos en Michoacán. Los resultados muestran variaciones significativas en el desarrollo de competencias según género, semestre y experiencia laboral, destacando la efectividad de metodologías activas.En la discusión se abordan implicaciones educativas y se proponen mejoras curriculares para fortalecer estas competencias. Las conclusiones ofrecen recomendaciones prácticas y teóricas para optimizar la formación en el TecNM, alineándola con las demandas de un entorno profesional dinámico y competitivo
Caracterización de modelos de ventilación y reducción del riesgo de infección por COVID-19 en espacios cerrados.
No full text184 p.La pandemia de COVID-19 ha revelado la importancia de entender la ventilación en espacios cerrados. Este estudio analiza parámetros ambientales en un aula informática con 15 sujetos durante 90 minutos, todos usando mascarillas quirúrgicas o FP2. Se midieron temperatura, humedad relativa, concentración de CO2 y PM2.5 con dispositivos Arduino YUN, Arduino UNO y APS-3321. Se evaluó la eficiencia de la ventilación natural en dos escenarios: con ventanas abiertas y con ventanas y puertas abiertas. Los resultados mostraron que la ventilación afecta la temperatura, la concentración de CO2 y el tamaño de las partículas, mientras que la humedad depende de las condiciones externas. Otro capítulo investigó la dispersión y evaporación de gotículas emitidas por una tos a distintas velocidades usando un modelo de fluidodinámica computacional. Se simuló un ascensor con dos individuos, observando que las gotículas menores de 150 µm se evaporaron en menos de 10 segundos. Las trayectorias de las gotículas variaron según su tamaño: las menores de 30 µm fueron influenciadas por movimientos Brownianos, mientras que las mayores estuvieron afectadas por fuerzas inerciales y gravitacionales. En otro apartado, se modeló un ascensor hospitalario con un ventilador extractor y una rejilla de ventilación, analizando un estornudo, una tos y un discurso continuo. Se concluyó que el ventilador expulsó hasta el 60% de las gotículas pequeñas, pero también dispersó partículas dentro del ascensor, siendo el discurso continuo el escenario de mayor riesgo por la saturación de gotículas. Finalmente, se estudió el impacto de la ventilación mecánica en un ascensor hospitalario con dos sujetos: uno sano y otro infectado. Se modelaron tres estrategias de ventilación: sin ventilación, ventilación ascendente y ventilación descendente. Los resultados mostraron discrepancias en la efectividad según el parámetro evaluado, sugiriendo que la ventilación descendente o la ausencia de ventilación podrían ser más apropiadas dependiendo del criterio considerado. Esta tesis doctoral aporta conocimientos esenciales sobre ventilación en espacios cerrados, destacando la importancia de estrategias adecuadas para reducir la propagación de patógenos en contextos de alto riesgo durante una pandemi
Detección y análisis de manchas de sangre: comparativa entre luminol y Bluestar Forensic
No full textLa detección y el análisis de manchas de sangre en los distintos escenarios delictivos son esenciales en la investigación criminal, ya que permiten la identificación de individuos implicados y facilitan la reconstrucción de los hechos. El presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado realiza una revisión bibliográfica comparativa entre dos reactivos para la revelación de sangre latente: luminol y Bluestar Forensic. Se analizan las ventajas y limitaciones de ambos, concluyendo que el Bluestar Forensic presenta mejoras significativas frente al luminol en la mayoría de los aspectos. Una correcta detección y análisis de las manchas hemáticas puede llegar a alcanzar un alto valor probatorio en el proceso penal
Affordable automated modules for lab-scale high-throughput synthesis of inorganic materials
No full textThe development of sustainable advanced materials is increasingly driven by the need for sustainable, faster, scalable, and more efficient research workflows. Advancements in computational screening, high-throughput experimentation, and artificial intelligence (AI) are accelerating progress in materials discovery. To fully leverage the benefits of these complementary approaches, the implementation of materials acceleration platforms (MAPs) and self-driving laboratories (SDL) has emerged as a promising strategy. Here, we present the development of a semi-automated station for the lab-scale high-throughput synthesis (HTS) of inorganic materials, as part of the Materials Acceleration and Innovation plaTform for ENergy Applications (MAITENA). The system integrates two in-house-designed liquid-handling modules capable of performing sol-gel, Pechini, solid-state, and hydro/solvothermal syntheses. Each module enables the preparation of several dozen gram-scale samples per week with high reproducibility and minimal manual intervention. The system's capabilities are demonstrated through three case studies involving Li-ion battery materials. Results highlight the module's utilization for efficient screening of compositions and synthesis conditions to vary materials’ properties. This accessible and modular infrastructure offers a practical route to implementing high-throughput strategies in inorganic materials research.This work was carried out at CIC energiGUNE (Spain) and was supported through funding from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Universidades and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (MICIU/ AEI /10.13039/501100011033), FSE invierte en tu futuro, and ERDF/EU through the projects ION-SELF (ref. PID2019-106519RB-I00) and SMART (ref. PID2022-140823OB-I00) and through the PhD grant PRE2020-092978, from the Basque Government through the PhD grant PRE_2021_2_0160 and the program ELKARTEK CICe2025 (ref. KK2025-00054), and from the European Commission’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme through the First Stakeholder Initiative of the BIG-MAP project, under grant agreement No 957189
Understanding Uncertainty in Market-Mediated Responses to US Oilseed Biodiesel Demand: Sensitivity of ILUC Emission Estimates to GLOBIOM Parametric Uncertainty
No full textThe life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of biofuels depend on uncertain estimates of induced land use change (ILUC) and subsequent emissions from carbon stock changes. Demand for oilseed-based biofuels is associated with particularly complex market and supply chain dynamics, which must be considered. Using the global partial equilibrium model GLOBIOM, this study explores the uncertainty in market-mediated impacts and ILUC-related emissions from increasing demand for soybean biodiesel in the United States in the period 2020-2050. A one-at-a-time (OAT) analysis and a Monte Carlo (MC) analysis are performed to assess the sensitivity of modeled ILUC-GHG emissions intensities (gCO2e/MJ) to varying key economic and biophysical model parameters. Additionally, the influence of the approach on the simulation of future ILUC effects is explored using two alternative ILUC-GHG metrics: a comparative-static approach for 2030 and a recursive-dynamic approach using model outputs through 2050. We find that projected ILUC-GHG values largely vary based on which vegetable oils replace diverted soybean oil, market responses to coproducts, and the carbon content of land converted for agricultural use. These are all, in turn, subject to decision uncertainty through the choice of the modeling approach and the time horizon considered for each ILUC-GHG metric. Given the longer simulation period, ILUC-GHG emission uncertainty ranges increase under the recursive-dynamic approach (42.4 ± 25.9 gCO2e/MJ) compared to the comparative-static approach (40.8 ± 20.5 gCO2e/MJ). The combination of MC analysis with other techniques such as Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART) is powerful for understanding model behavior and clarifying the sensitivity of market responses, ILUC, and associated GHG emissions to specific model parameters when simulated with global economic models. The BART reveals that biophysical parameters generate more linear ILUC-GHG responses to changes in assumed parameter values while changes in economic parameters lead to more nonlinear ILUC-GHG results as multiple effects at the interplay of food, feed, and fuel uses overlap. The choice of the recursive-dynamic metric allows capturing the longer-term evolution of ILUC while generating additional uncertainties derived from the baseline definition. © 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.This work has been funded by the Transportation and Climate Division (Office of Transportation and Air Quality) of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, as part of the Framework Contract 10-312-0217117-66567L and Contract EP-C-16-021. Contractors\u2019 roles did not include establishing Agency policy
Fotokatalisian oinarritutako kutsatzaile emergenteen degradazioa TiO2 erabilita
No full text[EU] Gaur egun, teknika-analitikoen aurrerapenen ondorioz, gero eta gehiago identifikatzen ari dira orain arte antzeman gabe igaro diren uretako kutsatzaile emergenteak (KE); ingurumenarekiko eta osasunerako dakartzaten arriskuagatik kezka handia sortuz. KEen artean produktu farmazeutikoak eta pestizidak nabarmendu daitezke, non jarduera industrialaren, nekazaritzaren eta herritarren etengabeko hazkundearen ondorioz gero eta presenteagoak dauden ingurumenean. Uraren saneamendurako erabiltzen diren ohiko tratamenduek kutsatzaile hauek ezabatzeko gai ez direnez, Prozesu Aurreratuen Oxidazioak (PAO) alternatiba gisa aurkezten dira. Hauen artean, fotokatalisi heterogeneoak interes berezia piztu du eguzki-argiaren aprobetxamendua dela eta. Lan honetan, titanio dioxidoa (TiO2) fotokatalisatzaile gisa aplikatu da ibuprofeno farmakoaren eta atrazina herbizidaren degradazio fotokatalitikoa ikertzeko.
Horretarako, hiru TiO2 komertzial (P25, G5 eta DT51) karakterizatu dira, fotodegradazio-prozesua ahalik eta eraginkorrena izateko. Honako teknika hauek erabili dira: X-Izpien Difrakzioa (XRD), zeta potentziala, argiaren sakabanaketa dinamikoa (DLS), fisisortzioa N2 bidez, ekorketa bidezko mikroskopia elektronikoa (SEM), Raman espektroskopia eta erreflektantzia difusozko UV-Vis espektroskopia. Emaitzek erakutsi dute hiru fotokatalizatzaileek abantailak eta desabantailak dituztela, baina P25 hautatu da degradazio-erreakzioetarako: banda-tarte txikiagatik, anatasa-rutilo konposizio bifasikoagatik eta kristaltasun handia dela eta.
Fotokatalisi saiakuntzak 4 ordu eta erdiz burutu dira, 17°C eta 23°C arteko tenperaturan, pH 4ra doituta eta 5 rpm-ko irabiatzearekin. Gainera, konposatuen kontzentrazioen jarraipena errendimendu handiko likido kromatografiaz (HPLC) egin da, diodo-arrai bidezko detekzio ultramorearekin (UV-DAD), azetonitrilo/Mili Q ur fase mugikorrarekin (70:30, v/v), eluzio isokratikoan, 221 nm-ko detekzio uhin-luzeran eta 1,2 mL/min-ko emariarekin. Baldintza horietan ikusi da ibuprofenoaren konbertsioa % 90ekoa izan dela eta atrazinaren kontzentrazioa ez dela aldatu. Beraz, fotodegradaziorako hautatutako baldintza esperimentalen eraginkortasuna mugatua izan da atrazinarentzat, ibuprofenoarentzat emaitza positiboak lortu diren bitartean.[ES] Nowadays, advances in analytical techniques have led to the increasing identification of water emerging contaminants (ECs) that have previously gone undetected, raising significant concern due to the risks they pose to both the environment and human health. Among ECs, pharmaceutical products and pesticides are particularly noteworthy, as they are becoming increasingly prevalent in the environment because of continuous industrial activity, agricultural practices and population growth. Since conventional water treatment processes are not capable of eliminating these contaminants, Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) are proposed as an alternative. Among these, heterogeneous photocatalysis has attracted special interest due to its potential to harness solar energy. In this work, titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been applied as photocatalyst to investigate the photocatalytic degradation of the pharmaceutical compound ibuprofen and the herbicide atrazine.
For this purpose, three commercial TiO2 samples (P25, G5 and DT51) were characterized to optimize the efficiency of the photodegradation process. The following techniques were employed: X-ray diffraction (XRD), zeta potential, dynamic light scattering (DLS), nitrogen physisorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results showed that each of the three photocatalysts has its own advantages and disadvantages; however, P25 was selected for the degradation experiments due to its narrower band gap, biphasic anatase-rutile composition and high crystallinity.
Photocatalysis experiments were conducted for four and a half hours at temperatures between 17°C-23°C, at pH 4 and stirring at 5 rpm. Additionally, the concentrations of the compounds were monitored using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-DAD detection, employing an acetonitrile-milli Q water mobile phase (70:30, v/v) in isocratic elution mode, detection at a wavelength of 221 nm and a flow rate of 1,2 mL/min. Under these conditions, it was observed that the conversion of ibuprofen reached 90 % while the concentration of atrazine remained unchanged. Therefore, the effectiveness of the selected experimental conditions for photocatalytic degradation was limited for atrazine, although positive results were achieved for ibuprofen
Foraging ecology of horseshoe bats and pest consumption through molecular techniques.
No full text224 p.Tesiak Euskal Herriko ferra-saguzarren (Rhinolophus hipposideros eta R. ferrumequinum)bazka-ekologia aztertzen du. Lehenengo bi kapituluetan teknika metodologikoak doitzen dira,eta ondoren helburu nagusiak ardazten dira. DNAren azterketa molekularra (metabarcoding)erabiltzeak harrapakinak bereizmen taxonomiko handiz identifikatzea baimentzen du, etalaginketa intentsiboarekin konbinatuta, ekologia trofikoaren ezagutza sakona lortzen da. Biespezieen dietek aldakortasun tenporala eta espaziala erakusten dute. Ondorioz, habitatekinduten harremana eta habitatekiko mendekotasuna ere aldatu egiten da. Alde handiak daudeAtlantikoko eta Mediterraneoko kolonien artean. Gainera, ikerketak ferra-saguzarrek izurrienkontsumoan duten garrantzia azpimarratzen du. Ferra-saguzar txikiak izurrite gehiagokontsumitzen dituen arren, ferra-saguzarraren tamaina handiagoak kontsumo orokorhandiagoa izatea eragiten du. Azkenik, kumeen garapen mailak dietan eragina du. Gazteekharrapatzen errazagoak diren harrapakinak kontsumitzen dituzte, eta, pixkanaka, helduekehizatzen dituzten espezieetara moldatzen doaz. Hala ere, gazte eta helduend ietendesberdintasun maila ez da berdina espezie guztieta
Are we ready to be wrong? Extended peer community for quality science-advice in uncertainty
No full textThis paper delves into the challenges of achieving inclusion within science-advice institutions, particularly focusing on the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES). It explores the normative and practical implications of broadening the epistemic space to incorporate diverse ways of knowing in uncertain contexts. Traditional science-advice often relies on strict quantification and institutionalized expertise, limiting the recognition of alternative perspectives. The study proposes an alternative view rooted in post-normal science, advocating for the adoption of an extended peer community model. Despite ICES's efforts to enhance stakeholder engagement through its Stakeholder Engagement Strategy, gaps remain in effectively valuing epistemic diversity. By analyzing a historical case involving the revision of fishing quotas for Northeast Atlantic mackerel, the paper illustrates the limitations of strict quantification in addressing complex and uncertain problems. It recommends a participatory approach informed by post-normal science principles and incorporates the concept of “epistemic injustice” in Miranda Fricker's work (Fricker, 2003, 2007) to the discussion to underscore the ethical imperative of inclusive decision-making. Ultimately, the paper advocates for post-normal science approaches to better address contemporary challenges in science-advice institutions when the problem is deeply uncertain and complex. © 2024 The AuthorsWe thank members of the ICES community for sharing insights that improved this manuscript. MHK’s work was supported by PRE2022-103053 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by FSE+; and by the María de Maeztu Excellence Unit 2023- 2027 Ref. CEX2021-001201-M, funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. DJD received funding from Research Council of Norway project nr. 295088 and NordForsk Project nr. 104492
Banking failures
No full textBanking failures and their catastrophic consequences have been and still are an inherent part of the financial system. Despite significant progress in regulation and risk management, the conundrum persits on whether they have been enough to prevent new failures and guarantee the stability of the sector. This project presents a bibliographical review to understand both the risks that threaten the continuity and stability of banks; and the regulatory measures, resolutive instruments, and prediction mechanisms available nowadays to mitigate those contingencies. Moreover, through the analysis of the evolution of the regulatory framework and the results obtained through the stress tests and credit risk ratios, it will be assessed the extent to which the European and Spanish banking systems have been strengthened following the 2008 financial crisis