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Social Movement Unionism in a National Conflict Context: the Cases of Basque Unions ELA and LAB
No full textTransformations in the world of work have led to a weakening of power and a crisis of legitimacy for trade unions. Faced with this situation, one option open to the unions is to recover their social dimension and adopt the social movement unionism model. The objective is to analyze, using qualitative methodology, the adoption of this model by the Basque nationalist unions Euko Langileen Alkartasuna and Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak against a background marked by political and institutional conflict over the lack of self-government and sovereignty in this territory. In fact, the membership and strike activity data for these unions indicate that the strategic revitalization process has been particularly successful. Data extraction is relied on the analysis of documents issued by the trade unions themselves and in-depth interviews with key informants. Publications on the subject as secondary sources are used to complement the analysis.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This work was supported by the Ministry of Culture, Education and Sports (now Ministry of Universities) of Spain, under University Teacher Training Programme
Ustelkeria egiturazko arazo gisa herrialdeen sistema sozioekonomikoan: analisi ekonometrikoa
No full textMunduan zenbat ustelkeria dagoen zehatz-mehatz jakitea zaila baino zailagoa da, eta, horregatik, urteetan zehar hainbat indize proposatu dira ustelkeria mailaren adierazle gisa. Izan ere, horien bitartez, bai erakunde publikoek, bai herritarrek, honen inguruan dagoen problematikak zer nolako irismena duen jakitea posiblea bihurtzen da.
Dauden aukera ezberdinen artean, ikerketa honetan Ustelkeriaren Pertzepzioaren Indizea (UPI) hartu da abiapuntutzat, ustelkeriaren pertzepzioari buruzko nazioarteko erreferentzia nagusietako bat delako. Indize horren bilakaera hobeto ulertzeko, hainbat faktore sozioekonomikoren eragina aztertu da, gizartearen eta ekonomien ezaugarri orokorrak kontuan hartuta. Era berean, faktore horiek UPI-n duten eragina aztertu da kontinenteka, laginaren herrialdeen artean dauden ezberdintasunak zeintzuk diren jakiteko.
Azterlan honen bitartez, azaldutako aldagai soziekonomiko gehienak UPIn eragin esanguratsua dutela frogatzen da; emaitzak gardentasunerako, kontrol fiskalerako eta erakundeak indartzeko politiketan inplikazio garrantzitsuak dituztela frogatuz
Mercado de la vivienda y emancipación juvenil en España: transformaciones tras la crisis de 2008
No full textEn este trabajo se analiza la evolución del mercado de la vivienda en España a partir del nuevo ciclo iniciado tras la crisis financiera de 2008, prestando especial atención a su impacto sobre el acceso habitacional de la población joven. A lo largo del estudio se examinan, por un lado, las transformaciones estructurales del mercado que han caracterizado esta etapa, como la restricción del crédito hipotecario, la recolocación de activos inmobiliarios tras la crisis o la contención sostenida de la promoción de vivienda nueva, tanto libre como protegida, y su efecto sobre los precios residenciales. Por otro lado, se evalúan los efectos que estas dinámicas han tenido en las posibilidades de emancipación juvenil, centrando el análisis en el incremento progresivo del esfuerzo económico necesario para acceder a una vivienda en propiedad o en régimen de alquiler. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian un deterioro paulatino de las condiciones de acceso a la vivienda para esta cohorte durante la última década, reflejado en un retraso significativo de la edad media de emancipación respecto a los datos europeos. Lejos de haberse revertido con la recuperación económica posterior a la crisis, estas dificultades de acceso a la vivienda se han consolidado como un obstáculo estructural, vinculado a factores económicos, institucionales y financieros propios del modelo español actual de provisión de vivienda
A balanced and safe gluten-free diet: The impact of nutritional education on dietary balance, symptomatology and quality of life in people with celiac disease
No full text232 p.Gaixotasun zeliakoa (GZ) genetikoki aurrez prestatutako banakoetan glutenarekiko esposizioaren ondorioz gertatzen den gaixotasun kroniko immunomediatua da. Glutenik gabeko dieta (GGD) jarraitzea da ezagutzen den tratamendu eraginkor bakarra; hala ere, zeliakia duten pertsonen % 30ek, GGD zorrotza jarraituta ere, sintomak izaten jarraitzen dute. Azterlan honen helburuak bi izan ziren; alde batetik, GZ zuten pertsonen egoera nutritiboaren aldizkako azterketa eta jarraipena egitea diagnostikoaren ondorengo lehen urtean zehar haien gabeziak identifikatzeko eta GZren jarraipenean barne hartu behar diren ikuspuntuak detektatzeko, eta, bestetik, GZ diagnostikatu berri zitzaien adin pediatrikoko pertsonen etengabeko eta aurrez aurreko jarraipena egitea interbentzio dietetiko batek duen eragina aztertzeko, tratamenduaren lehen urtean zehar. Emaitzek erakutsi zutenez, hezkuntza nutrizionala jaso zuten parte-hartzaileen elikadura-ohiturak hobetu egin ziren urtebeteko jarraipena eta gero. Orokorrean, elikagai fresko gehiago jan ziren eta elikagai ultraprozesatuen eguneko kontsumoa gutxiagotu egin zen. GGD jarraitzea onuragarria izan zen sintomak desagertzeko; hala ere, GGD jarraitzea ez zen nahikoa bizi-kalitate ona lortzeko, lortutako emaitzek iradoki baitzuten parte-hartzaileek bizi-kalitate eskasa zutela. Tesi-proiektuak nabarmentzen du GZren tratamendua ikuspegi holistiko batetik bideratu behar dela. Dietista-nutrizionistek gidatutako ebaluazio dietetiko pertsonalizatua eta etengabeko eta aurrez aurreko jarraipena onuragarriak dair GZ duten pertsonen egoera nutrizionala, elikadura ohiturak eta sintomatologia hobetzeko; jarraipena ez da nahikoa, ordea, bizi-kalitatea hobetzeko
Monitoring and evaluation of the deep-sea through environmental genetics
No full text277 p.Effective management actions are essential to guarantee sustainable use and conservation of marine ecosystems. Developing such actions requires ecosystem-scale monitoring of biological resources, which is difficult to achieve in hardly accessible deep-sea habitats. Yet, the recent interest in the exploitation of deep-sea resources urges the need to further assess this realm. Environmental genetics has emerged as a powerful cost-effective and logistically feasible approach for obtaining multi-species information through the analysis of DNA collected from environmental samples, including in difficult to access ecosystems. In this dissertation it is hypothesized that required information for efficient monitoring and accurate assessment, such as diversity, distribution, abundance and trophic interactions of oceanic species, can be derived from environmental DNA, whose study might result key for effective biodiversity conservation. This thesis presents examples on how the analysis of environmental DNA samples of different nature can be used to address biological questions in the mesopelagic realm, filling knowledge gaps in various aspects of deep-sea marine ecology. Throughout this dissertation, genetic techniques are applied to the study of marine organisms such as traditionally and newly commercial fish, poorly known siphonophores, iconic cetaceans, and little-studied deep-sea cephalopods. This dissertation enhances the understanding of deep-sea ecosystems, covering topics such as the oceanic vertical stratification and relative abundance of siphonophore, fish and cephalopod communities, the contribution of mesopelagic nekton to large cetacean diets, and the horizontal biomass patterns of small pelagic fish. Altogether, the environmental genetics-based analyses performed provide crucial insights for efficient monitoring and accurate assessment of deep-sea ecosystems, while also providing pathways for integration to ensure effective marine biodiversity conservatio
Mapping the communication of science
No full textScience communication is a broad field and involves very diverse activities. This paper aims to illuminate and partly systematise the diversity of science communication. We focus on three important dimensions: size of the audience, frequency of interaction, and decision-making relevance. Based on them, we introduce a three-dimensional space of science communication wherein particular scenarios can be located. We argue that relevant challenges for science communication are particularly associated with certain areas of this space. Based on the proposed framework, we also address potential strategies and developments in science communication.; La comunicación científica es un campo amplio que abarca actividades muy diversas. Este artículo tiene como propósito esclarecer y sistematizar parcialmente dicha diversidad. Nos centramos en tres dimensiones clave: el tamaño de la audiencia, la frecuencia de interacción y la relevancia para la toma de decisiones. A partir de estas dimensiones, proponemos un espacio tridimensional de la comunicación científica en el que pueden ubicarse los escenarios particulares. Sostenemos que ciertos desafíos relevantes para la comunicación científica están especialmente asociados a ciertas zonas de este espacio. En base al marco propuesto, también abordamos posibles estrategias y desarrollos en el ámbito de la comunicación científica
Migration, inequality, and skills
No full textMigration is a current prominent issue in the political discourse of the European Union (EU) and poses a major challenge to policymakers. As stated by Eurostat1, the EU hosts nearly 60 million individuals who were born in other countries, representing 13.4 per cent of the total population. The presence of these foreign-born citizens has a significant effect on the labour market, and its economic impact is influenced not only by the profile of the migrant population but also by the public policies that are implemented. The recent influx of migrants into Europe has led to a vigorous debate about the introduction or tightening of immigration restrictions. The European migration policy is characterised by inconsistencies in its actions, values, and proposed solutions. Despite the EU's longstanding recognition of migration as a pivotal aspect of its demographic, economic, and social landscapes, its current policy frameworks reflect a predominantly defensive posture
The thicklip grey mullet Chelon labrosus (Risso, 1827), as a candidate for intensive aquaculture diversification: optimization of culturing conditions and development of specific feeds based on altern
No full text270 p.Maila trofiko baxuko espeziea izanik, korrokoiaren (Chelon labrosus) ekoizpen intentsiboaren garapena akuikulturaren jasangarritasuna hobetzeko pausu garrantzitsutzat har daiteke. Honako doktore tesiak arrain espezie honen akuikulturarako baldintzen optimizazioa (stock dentsitatea eta uraren tenperatura) eta osagai alternatibotan oinarritutako pentsu espezifiko baten garapena dauzka helburu. 25 kg / m3-ko dentsitateak estres arina sor dezakeela ondorioztatu da, eta dentsitate hau ez gainditzea gomendatzen da. Hazkuntzarako ur tenperatura optimoa 22,8 °C-tan ezarri da, eta 26 °C-tatik gorako tenperaturak estresagarriak izan daitezkeela ikusi da. Chelon labrosus-ek animalia jatorriko proteinarik gabeko pentsuen bidez elikatzeko ahalmena erakutsi du, eta baita bere giharreko gantz azido profila dietarekiko independentzia handiz modulatzekoa ere. Honi esker, arrain irin eta olio gabeko dieten formulazioa posible izango litzateke. Honek guztiak espezie hau akuikulturaren garapen jasangarrirako hautagai egokitzat ezartzen du
Harnessing of mussel shells in textile sandblasting
No full text[EN] The nice worn look that provides sandblasting to denim clothes, hides a toxic abrasive process caused by poor working conditions. Rather than improving worker safety of workers, this process has been replaced by oxidising/chemical and thermal laser treatments, which are even more toxic and produce different textures. On the other hand, the world’s increasing production of delicious mussels results in a large quantity of shell waste ending up in landfills. The Sustainable Development Goals have raised awareness of the need for thoughtful waste management and the promotion of a circular life-cycle for goods. In order to find a solution for mussel shells, this work proposes to use the hard, fragile shells as an abrasive to replace the unhealthy silica sand in denim blasting. The physical properties of mussel shells have been assessed experimentally, and performance tests a have been conducted to characterise them. The performance of ground mussel shells in denim sandblasting of has been compared with that of industrial-grade garnet sand. Spectrophotometry measurements have observed similar fading performances for both garnet and mussel shells on denim under the same blasting conditions. Despite shell’s lower density, the smallest grit size (108 – 180 μm) achieved the best results. This reveals the importance of the number of impacts rather than the energy of each impact in denim sandblasting. This study confirms that mussel shells can replace silica in sandblasting processes, opening up new possibilities for using mussel shells as an abrasive material and reactivating sandblasting in the denim industry.Open Access funding provided by University of Basque Country UPV/EHU. This research was partly conducted through the MIT Inditex Sustainability Seed Funds student exchange programme.
Technical and human support provided by the Circular Economy University-Company-Society Classroom (Faculty of Engineering Gipuzkoa, UPV/EHU, Gipuzkoa Provincial Council) and by the ‘Materials and Technologies’ research group (Basque Country Government, Grupos Consolidados (IT-1690-22))
3D neuronal monitoring platforms for electrochemical sensing of neurotransmitters in vitro
No full text268 p.This thesis focuses on the development of both 2D and 3D monitoring platforms designed to promote the growth of neuronal networks while enabling in situ, real-time monitoring of neurotransmitter release at the cellular level. Initially, protocols were developed to differentiate induced pluripotent stem cells into mature and functional glutamatergic and dopaminergic neurons in the presence of carbon nanotubes. The impact of carbon nanotubes on neuronal differentiation was systematically studied. A 2D electrochemical sensor was then created by functionalizing carbon nanotubes with gold nanoparticles and glutamate oxidase to detect dopamine and glutamate, respectively. The electrochemical performance of these sensors was characterized by their limits of detection and sensitivity. The dopamine sensor successfully detected dopamine release from induced pluripotent stem cell dopaminergic neurons. In the final stage, a 3D sensor platform was developed using a biocompatible scaffold combining brain extracellular matrix and carbon nanotubes. This scaffold supported the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into glutamatergic and dopaminergic neurons in a 3D environment, with carbon nanotubes significantly enhancing the expression of specific neuronal subtype markers. The performance of this 3D sensor was characterized, demonstrating high reproducibility and repeatability, establishing this 3D sensors as a promising tool for real-time neurotransmitter monitoring under physiologically relevant conditions