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Recycling of plastic-rich streams from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) sorting plants: An in-depth study of pyrolysis potential through product characterization and life cycle assessment (Lca)
No full textThermochemical recycling is emerging as a viable alternative for the recycling of complex plastic waste streams, such as those originated in waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) sorting facilities. In this work, three different WEEE plastic-rich samples are subjected to pyrolysis and the resulting products are thoroughly analyzed to assess their potential industrial utilization. The pyrolysis processes are conducted in a 3 L non-stirred tank reactor at a heating rate of 15 °C/min, reaching a final temperature of 500 °C with a dwell time of 30 min, using 1 L/min of N2 as carrier gas. The pyrolysis products are characterized and evaluated for their potential applications, including petrochemical feedstock, refuse derived fuel (RDF), and solid adsorbent. The results indicate that pyrolysis liquids can be used as RDF in cement kilns, provided the halogen content is below acceptance limits. The gases produced could be used as refinery gases after pollutant removal. Additionally, the solid fraction casts promising results in preliminary tests as a drug adsorbent in water, suggesting a new and very interesting path of research. Life cycle assessment (LCA) shows that the pyrolysis of sample C, which has the worst chemical properties, gives the lowest environmental impact, since the solid fraction from this sample is the most effective adsorbent, achieving almost 100 % removal efficiency for the tested drugs. The findings suggest that pyrolysis of plastic-rich streams should not always be focused on the oil production, as it can yield other valuable products.This research was funded by the Basque Government through the project with reference KK-2023/00060 (ELKARTEK program), and through the support to the SUPREN group as consolidated research group (IT1554-22). The authors want to thank the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) for the funding of the PIF21/296 grant
Mobilizazio goiztiarraren eragina zainketa intentsiboen unitatean hartutako ahultasunaren prebentzioan
No full textSarrera: gaixotasun kritiko baten ondorioz zainketa intentsiboetako unitatean hartutako
ahultasuna (ICUAW) atrofiarekin lotu ohi den muskulu-indarraren murrizketa ohikoa da.
Gaixotasun kritikoen polineuropatia eta miopatiak, banaka edo konbinatuta, ICUAW
eragiten du. Immobilizazioa konplikazio hori gertatzeko arrisku-faktoreetako bat da.
Gaur egun, ez dago tratamendu eraginkorrik, prebentzioa da maneiu nagusia. Mobilizazio
goiztiarra ICUAW prebenitzeko eraginkorra izan daitekeela aipatzen da.
Helburua: Zainketa Intentsiboetako Unitateko (ZIU) pazienteetan mobilizazio
goiztiarrak ZIUan hartutako ahultasunaren prebentzioan duen eragina aztertzea.
Metodologia: berrikuspen bibliografiko bat egin da PubMed, BVS, Dialnet, Cochrane
eta WOS datu-baseetan egindako bilaketaren bidez. Iragazkiak eta barneratze- eta
kanporatze-irizpideak definitu dira eta, horrela, 20 emaitza lortu dira lana egiteko.
Emaitzak: mobilizazio goiztiarra ezberdin definitzen da eta haste denbora onena lehen
24-48 ordu direla ikusi da. MRC-SS eskala erabiltzen da ICUAW diagnostikatzeko eta
IMS eskalarekin mobilizazio maila neurtzen da. Zenbait ikerketetan mobilizazio
goiztiarrak ICUAW-ren prebentzioan eragin positiboa duela ikusten da. Mobilizazio
goiztiarrak funtzionalitatean, aireztapen mekanikoaren iraupenean, hanturan, ZIUko
egonaldian eta gertaera kaltegarri eta segurtasunean duen eragina deskribatzen da.
Osasun-profesionalek hainbat rol dituzte. Erizainaren rola beharrezkoa da mobilizazio
goiztiarrean eta diziplina anitzeko taldearen beharra dago.
Ondorioak: mobilizazio goiztiarraren definizio baten falta nabari da, horrek, ICUAWren prebentzioan eragin positiboa izan dezakeela ikusi delako. Mobilizazio goiztiarrak
gertaera kaltegarriak gutxitu ditzake. Osasun-profesionalen rola ez dago argi eta diziplina
anitzeko taldeak garrantzia handia du mobilizazioa egoki gauzatzeko.
Hitz gakoak: ICUAW, zainketa intentsiboen unitatea, mobilizazio goiztiarra, erizaintza.Introduction: Intensive Care Unit Acquired Weakness (ICUAW) due to critical illness is
a common decrease in muscle strength associated with atrophy. Critical illness
polyneuropathy and myopathy, individually or in combination, cause ICUAW.
Immobilization is one of the risk factors for that complication. Nowadays, there is no
effective treatment, prevention remains the primary strategy. It is said that early
mobilization can be effective to prevent ICUAW.
Objective: to study the impact of early mobilization in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients
on the prevention of ICUAW.
Methodology: a bibliographic review has been conducted through a search in PubMed,
BVS, Dialnet, Cochrane and WOS databases. Filters and inclusion and exclusion criteria
were defined, obtaining 20 results for the work.
Results: early mobilization is defined differently and the best time to start has been found
to be the first 24-48 hours. The MRC-SS scale is used to diagnose ICUAW, and the IMS
scale measures the level of mobilization. Some studies have shown that early mobilization
has a positive impact on the prevention of ICUAW. The impact of early mobilization on
functionality, duration of mechanical ventilation, inflammation, ICU stay, adverse events,
and safety are described. Healthcare professionals have various roles. The role of the
nurse is necessary in early mobilization and there is a need for a multidisciplinary team.
Conclusions: there is a lack of a definition of early mobilization, which has been shown
to have a positive impact on the prevention of ICUAW. Early mobilization can reduce
adverse events. The role of health professionals is unclear, and a multidisciplinary team
is essential for the proper implementation of mobilization.
Keywords: ICUAW, intensive care unit, early mobilization, nursing
Common Characteristics Between Frailty and Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1: A Narrative Review
No full textMyotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an inherited neuromuscular disorder often considered a model of accelerated aging due to the early appearance of certain age-related clinical manifestations and cellular and molecular aging markers. Frailty, a state of vulnerability related to aging, has been recently studied in neurological conditions but has received considerably less attention in neuromuscular disorders. This narrative review aims to describe 1) the common characteristics between Fried’s frailty phenotype criteria (muscular weakness, slow gait speed, weight loss, exhaustion/fatigue, and low physical activity) and DM1, and 2) the psychological and social factors potentially contributing to frailty in DM1. This review gathered evidence suggesting that DM1 patients meet four of the five frailty phenotype criteria. Additionally, longitudinal studies report the deterioration of these criteria over time in DM1. Patients also exhibit psychological/cognitive and social factors that might contribute to frailty. Monitoring frailty criteria in the DM1 population could help to implement timely preventions and interventions to reduce the disease burden and severity of frailty symptoms.This work was supported by Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Ref: 609), from the Institute of Health Carlos III cofounded by the European Union [PI22/01118 to Andone Sistiaga]; Basque Government [2022111031 to Andone Sistiaga; IT1732-22 to Joana Garmendia, Garazi Labayru, Andone Sistiaga and Adolfo López de Munain]; University of the Basque Country [PIF 20/238 to Joana Garmendia].This work was performed in the context of the IHU HealthAge, which was benefited from funding by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche under the France 2030 program [ANR-23-IAHU-0011 to Philipe de Souto Barreto]
European Citizens Initiative: PsychedeliCare
No full textThis thesis examines the European Citizens’ Initiative (ECI) PsychedeliCare, first as a participatory democracy tool to reform psychedelic policy in the European Union, and beyond its procedural role, as a grassroots movement uniquely positioned to shape both the development and reception of psychedelic policies. By combining document analysis, critical discourse analysis, and autoethnographic insights, it investigates the dynamics of democratic participation and the evolving field of psychedelics, touching upon its historical trajectory and the development of psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) – the focus of PsychedeliCare. Framing the ECI as a form of legal mobilization, this work draws on the perspective of Michael McCann (1994), who emphasizes that the adjacent social movement is as significant as the legislative outcome itself. This work argues that although ECIs rarely result in binding legislative change, the movement behind them – often grassroots in nature, as in the case of PsychedeliCare – is crucial as a citizen-led sociocultural intervention. In this context, grassroots actors in the psychedelic field are crucial in engaging both legislatively and non-legislatively. The former offers a bottom-up alternative to top-down governmental or corporate lobbying, helping to shape policy directions and include civil society in a field that remains vulnerable to centralized, state- or market-driven integration. The latter enables efforts such as awareness-raising, public education, and harm reduction, of most importance for destigmatization and the dismantling of the existing moral panic. Ultimately, the presence of a grassroots movement behind an ECI on psychedelic reform is not incidental but central to its effectiveness, both in campaigning and in ensuring the integration of PAT in a safe, accessible, and non-extractivist manner
La colaboración como espacio de resistencia
No full textEste artículo toma como referencia la publicación Modos de hacer (Blanco et al. 2001) para explorar prácticas artísticas fundamentadas en lo colectivo y lo colaborativo, así como las tensiones, fragilidades y divergencias que surgen entre ambas nociones. La interacción entre lo colectivo y lo colaborativo se aborda como una práctica compleja, transdisciplinar y situada, atravesada por nociones como cooperación, implicación, disenso, transformación, autogestión o acción comunitaria. Se propone una lectura crítica de los procesos colaborativos como dispositivos que inciden en estructuras culturales, institucionales y sociales desde un enfoque relacional y afectivo. En última instancia, se sostiene que el arte colaborativo, cuando se vincula a contextos específicos y procesos participativos genuinos, no solo redefine los límites del arte, sino que también ensaya nuevas formas de institucionalidad democrática
Gestión sostenible de proyectos: análisis de la inserción de plásticos biobasados y biodegradables en productos industriales.
No full textEl presente trabajo de fin de máster se centra en la problemática de la contaminación ambiental por plásticos, lo que afecta considerablemente a los seres humanos, la vida silvestre y sus hábitats. El problema se ha agravado desde la invención de los plásticos sintéticos, que dieron lugar a materiales duraderos y resistentes a los procesos naturales de degradación. A través de un enfoque de gestión sostenible de proyectos, se hicieron de uso de herramientas como el modelo Canvas sostenible y la optimización topológica de diseños CAD.
La metodología empleada incluyó un estudio de mercado para seleccionar productos plásticos de alto impacto ambiental y frecuencia de uso, identificando como casos de aplicación los bastoncillos multiusos y las boyas de pesca. Además de la optimización topológica en diseño asistido por ordenador (CAD), que considera los parámetros críticos del producto, como el contenido de material y el área superficial, cobra cada vez mayor importancia en el diseño geométrico. Disminuir el contenido de material reduce el impacto ambiental, y aumentar la superficie expuesta al ambiente acelera los procesos de biodegradación, reduciendo así la presencia de productos plásticos en el medio ambiente.
Se han realizado cálculos sencillos con los bastoncillo multiusos y las boyas de pesca y los resultados muestran que se puede lograr una reducción significativa de material, lo que contribuye a la sostenibilidad y eficiencia del producto, a la vez que aumenta la superficie, mejorando así su funcionalidad y potencial de biodegradación. El efecto de la biodegradación se evaluará en investigaciones en curso. Este enfoque ofrece una opción viable para el ecodiseño de productos más sostenibles y circulares
Design and experimental characterization of a propane-based reversible dual source/sink heat pump
No full textThe current paper presents the design and energy performance analysis of a propane-based reversible Dual Source/Sink Heat Pump (DSHP). DSHPs offer an alternative to conventional water to water and air to water heat pumps, leveraging the strengths of both technologies in an efficient manner. The developed prototype incorporates an innovative Dual Source/Sink Heat eXchanger (DSHX), enabling the unit operating in various modes, including space heating, space cooling, and domestic hot water production using brine, air or both simultaneously as a source/sink. The DSHX serves as as both a condenser or an evaporator, directly rejecting or absorbing heat from air and/or brine. By eliminating secondary loops and defrost cycles, the DSHX minimizes energy losses. The main novelty of this work lies in the DSHX that integrates external units typically duplicated in DSHPs into a single component, eliminating the need for split refrigerant flow rates, thus avoiding maldistribution, refrigerant charge increase and draining valves. A steady state experimental campaign was conducted in a climatic chamber to characterize the DSHP prototype and validate the DSHX performance models. Heating capacity up to 11.2 kW and COP values up to 4.7 were achieved at nominal compressor speed by supplying hot water at 35 °C with an ambient temperature of 7 °C. Similarly, when producing cold water at 7 °C, cooling capacity and EER reached 9.8 kW and 3.6, respectively, at nominal compressor speed using air as heat sink at 35 °C. The effects of various operating parameters on the overall coefficient of performance and heat duty in both heating and cooling modes, considering air or brine as heat source/sink are analyzed in detail. Results demonstrate enhancements of approximately 15 % in capacity and efficiency compared to earlier work. Moreover, four deterministic models were created in order to predict the behaviour of the DSHX and validated against experimental results, reaching deviation values below 15 %.The authors would like to thank the support of the TRI-HP project (https://www.tri-hp.eu/project) funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, Project No. 814888
Martian atmospheric disturbances from orbital images and surface pressure at Jezero Crater, Mars, during Martian Year 36
No full textWe present a study of atmospheric disturbances at Jezero Crater, Mars, using ground-based measurements of surface pressure by the Perseverance rover in combination with orbital images from the Mars Express and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter missions. The study starts at Ls ∼ 13.3° in MY36 (March 6th, 2021) and extends up to Ls ∼ 30.3° in MY37 (February 28th, 2023). We focus on the characterization of the major atmospheric phenomena at synoptic and planetary-scales. These are the thermal tides (measured up to the sixth component), long-period pressure oscillations (periods > 1 sol), the Aphelion Cloud Belt, and the occasional development of regional dust storms over Jezero. We present the seasonal evolution of the amplitudes and phases of the thermal tides and their relation with the atmospheric dust content (optical depth). Three regional dust storms and one polar storm extending over Jezero produced an increase in the diurnal and semidiurnal amplitudes but resulted in inverse responses in their phases. We show that the primary regular wave activity is due to baroclinic disturbances with periods of 2-4 sols and amplitudes ∼ 1-15 Pa increasing with dust content, in good agreement with theoretical predictions by model calculations. The spacecraft images show a number of arc-shaped, spiral and irregular cyclonic vortices, traced by dust and clouds at the edge of the North Polar Cap, that could be behind some of the pressure oscillations measured at Jezero.This work has been supported by Grant PID2019-109467GB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/and by Grant PID2023-149055NB-C31 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FEDER, UE, and by Grupos de Investigacion del Gobierno Vasco IT-1366-19. Parts of this work were also funded by the Aula EspaZio Gela, which is supported by a grant from the Diputación Foral de Bizkaia (BFA). EL and JHB were supported by ESA Contract No. 4000118461/16/ES/JD, Scientific Support for Mars Express Visual Monitoring Camera and through the Faculty of the European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC) - Funding reference ESAC-531. The authors are very grateful to the entire Mars 2020 science operation team
Agency as doing-together: learning from fieldwork experiences
No full textDrawing on the perspective of critical sociolinguistics, this article presents preliminary reflections on the debate on agency in sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology. It draws upon three studies inspired by the Participatory Action Research (PAR) methodology, conducted in various contexts in the Spanish state: (i) a university setting of the Autonomous Community of Madrid, characterized by a high linguistic diversity that remains largely invisible; (ii) a cultural organization in Catalonia, whose objective is to overcome social and linguistic forms of segregation by fostering contact between recent migrants and the local population; (iii) sport clubs in the Basque Country, where young people are encouraged to use Euskara (the Basque language) and resist the tendency to resort to the more dominant Spanish language. We discuss diverse approaches to the notion of agency, while also offering an innovative perspective grounded in field experience: agency emerges as a “doing-together”, as a dialogic-collaborative process resulting from the interaction of researchers and participants. The outcomes of our interactions in the field extend beyond the confines of research studies, revealing the inherent political dimension of the project. This realization compels us, as researchers, to engage in ongoing reflection both within and beyond the context of fieldwork.Equiling research project (PID2019-105676RB-C4) and the subprojects Equiling-Mad (PID2019-105676RB-C41/AEI/10.13039/501100011033), Equiling-Cat (PID2019-105676RB-C41/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and Equiling-Basque (PID2019-105676RB-C42/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) were funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovació
Legal positions of States and international organizations on the item “Unilateral economic measures as a means of political and economic coercion against developing countries” (2013-2023)
No full textThis paper presents the legal positions of States and international organisations on the item legal positions of States and International Organizations on the item “Unilateral economic measures as a means of political and economic coercion against developing countries” (2013-2023), in order to clarify both the state practice and opinio iuris on the possible creation or existence of a rule on the prohibition of unilateral coercive measures, as well as its hypothetical contentBasque Government's Postdoctoral Programme for the Improvement of Doctoral Research Personne