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Comparison between cylinder and ellipse at 0 degrees angle of attack for low Reynolds numbers
No full textThis study investigates the vortex shedding dynamics, aerodynamic forces, and wake characteristics of a
cylinder across a Reynolds number range of 550 to 5500 using the novel Shake-the-Box (STB) method, a high- accuracy Lagrangian particle tracking technique that reconstructs 3D trajectories from multi-camera recordings and improved time-resolved measurements. The analysis focuses on the Strouhal number, pressure lift and drag coefficients, vortex formation distances, and wake evolution. Results show a progressive increase in Strouhal number with Reynolds number, indicating higher shedding frequencies as the wake becomes more periodic.The distance between the main vortex and the cylinder surface decreases with increasing Reynolds number, while the distance between vortex pairs initially decreases and later stabilizes, reflecting wake reorganization. At higher Reynolds numbers, the wake exhibits three-dimensional instabilities, leading to deviations from theoretical Strouhal values. Finally, a comparison with an ellipse at 0 degrees highlights how geometry influences vortex shedding, with the ellipse exhibiting a more compact wake, higher shedding frequency, and lower drag. By benchmarking STB results against the well-documented wakes of a circular cylinder and an ellipse at 0 deg, the technique’s ability to reproduce classical three-dimensional turbulent structures is validated. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of shedding mechanisms in bluff bodies and provide insights into how shape affects wake development and aerodynamic performance and establishes STB as a robust novel methodology.This research was support by the Government of the Basque Country: Elkartek KK-2024/00069 and KK-2024/00117; and CIEMAT: Energía eólica offshore para el ensayo el desarrollo energético de energías renovables e hidrógeno verde; The work of U. F.G. was partially supported by Government of the Basque Country: ITSAS-REM (IT1514-22)
Trauma-related mortality in a European region with an intermediately mature trauma system: a comprehensive population-based analysis
No full textUnderstanding the epidemiology of trauma-related mortality is essential to guide quality improvement and optimize trauma system performance. However, the absence of comprehensive regional registries often limits accurate assessment. This study aimed to characterize trauma-related deaths in Biscay (Spain), a European region with an intermediately mature trauma care system, including both prehospital and in-hospital deaths.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Natur
The philosophy of moral responsibility in the arab legal system: a comparative study of religious values and legal norms
No full textThis paper introduces the concept of moral responsibility and explores the justifiability of the moral practices associated with holding people responsible for their behavior. Among the most important and familiar of these practices are moral praise and moral blame. This paper also investigates the concept of moral responsibility and its significance for international law. Moral responsibility, understood as the attribution of praise or blame for actions or omissions, provides a philosophical foundation for the development and legitimacy of international legal norms. The study first reviews definitional approaches linguistically and legally of responsibility in general, Then the research classifies the types of responsibilities as moral responsibility and legal responsibility, and after that we explain the types of legal responsibility
All-orthogonal BINOLated BODIPY dimers: A synergistic strategy for advancing heavy-metal-free triplet photosensitizers
No full textCovalently linked organic multichromophores are promising photoactive molecular scaffolds for developing valuable heavy-metal-free triplet photosensitizers. Among them, orthogonally connected BODIPY dimers and easily accessible at-boron BINOLated BODIPYs stand out owing to their efficient oxygen photosensitization, without the need for potentially toxic heavy atoms. In both approaches, the key photophysical mechanism enabling triplet state population involves a photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer by symmetry breaking in the orthogonally connected BODIPY dimers, or by electronic push-pull effect in the BINOL-BODIPY dyads. However, the potential synergistic effect of combining both strategies within a single molecular architecture remains unexplored. This work presents the first systematic study on the impact of integrating both photosensitizing approaches within a single BODIPY-based molecular framework. Our findings demonstrate that easy at-boron 3,3′-dibromoBINOLation serves as an effective chemical strategy to enhance triplet-based photosensitizing performance, without relying on potentially toxic heavy atoms such as transition metals. These results are expected to lay the foundations for the rational design of next-generation of low-cost BODIPY-based triplet photosensitizers for applications beyond heavy-metal-free photodynamic therapy, such as photocatalysis.This work received financial support from Spanish MICINN (AEI/10.13039/501100011033; research grants PID2020-114755 GB-C32, PID2020-114755 GB-C33, PID2024-157648-NB-C21, PID2024-157648-NB-C22 and PID2024-159047OB-C22) and Basque Government (research grant IT1639-22). S.S.-B. acknowledges UCM for a pre-doctoral contract (CT58/21-CT59/21)
The oxidative stress-related peroxiredoxin Tsa1b of Candidozyma (Candida) auris contributes to virulence and infection
No full textThe number of Invasive Fungal Infections (IFI) has been globally increasing in recent years. Nowadays, more than 300 million IFI cases per year are detected, with mortality rates ranging from 20 % to almost 100 % (Denning, 2024). The main infectious agents are Candida species (Magill et al., 2014), with Candida albicans, Candida glabrata (recently renamed as Nakaseomyces glabratus), Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis being the main causative ones (Kim et al., 2020, Webb et al., 2018). Infections caused by Candidozyma auris (previously named as Candida auris (Liu et al., 2024)) have gained importance over the last years (Du et al., 2020) after the initial identification in 2009 (Satoh et al., 2009). As a result, this fungus has been the first fungal species for which the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, USA) has issued a public health global alert (CDC, 2016). Moreover, it has been included on the Critical Group of the Fungal Pathogen Priority List published by the World Health Organization (WHO) (World Health Organization, 2022).Basque Government, grant numbers IT1362–19 and IT1657–2
Juan Pablo Ordúñez (Mawatres): Monumento Y
No full textSe trata de un texto escrito para el proyecto editorial "Monumento Y" del artista interdisciplinar Juan Pablo Ordúñez (Mawatres). Este proyecto artístico es continuador del anterior "Monumento X".Gobierno Vasco, IT 1579-22 y Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, PID2021-125952NB-I0
Euskal soziolinguistikari oin-oharrak. Hizkuntza, jakintzak eta feminismoa "Bat Soziolinguistika Aldizkaria"ren agertokian
No full text138 p.Liburuak ikerketa baten emaitzen berri ematen du. Azterlanaren erdigunean 90. hamarkadaz geroztik garatutako euskal soziolinguistika egon da. Beti ere, gune zehatz bat azter eremu harturik: Bat Soziolinguistika Aldizkaria. Liburuan azaltzen denez, argitalpen hori euskal soziolinguistikaren agertoki gisa irudikatu da eta, ondorioz, 1990. urtetik 2024ko iraila arte argitaratutako zenbaki guztiak hartu dira ikerketaren kokagune gisa. Nolabait esateko, lekuan lekuko lanerako lurtzat jo dira 131 zenbakiak, 1.119 artikuluak eta 16.508 orrialdeak. Horren azterketa bibliometrikoa da liburuaren muina, baita teknika hori osatzeko garatutako bestelako teknikak, adibidez, elkarrizketak eta oin-oharrak
Photon statistics and entanglement from two interacting quantum emitters
No full text315 p.This theoretical thesis aims to develop a deeper fundamental understanding of light emission from two interacting quantum emitters, and thus to advance toward new photon sources for applications in quantum technologies. With this objective, we first present a comprehensive introduction to the interaction between the electromagnetic vacuum field and quantum emitters, as well as to the correlation functions of the electric field that quantify the degree of coherence of quantum light. Afterwards, we analyze the intensity correlation of light emitted from two interacting quantum emitters and show that this quantity can be tailored over a wide range of values, which highlights the large versatility of this system as a quantum light source. Additionally, we show that the intensity correlation of Stokes-shifted and Zero-Phonon-Line photons from two interacting solid-state emitters (with or without the assistance of vibrational modes, respectively) can be very different, stressing the need to develop accurate descriptions of each experimental configuration. We also demonstrate that quantum coherence can affect the correlation of the Stokes-shifted photons, an effect that has typically been ignored. Finally, we show that two interacting emitters can also generate entangled photon pairs, which are key resources in quantum technologies. These results thus highlight the potential of interacting quantum emitters to engineer quantum states of light for fundamental studies and novel applications
Revealing rhythm categorization in human brain activity
No full textPublished on 30 July, 2025.Humans across cultures show an outstanding capacity to perceive, learn, and produce musical rhythms. These skills rely on mapping the infinite space of possible rhythmic sensory inputs onto a finite set of internal rhythm categories. What is the nature of the brain processes underlying rhythm categorization? We used electroencephalography to measure brain activity as human participants listened to a continuum of rhythmic sequences characterized by repeating patterns of two interonset intervals. Using frequency and representational similarity analyses, we show that brain activity does not merely track the temporal structure of rhythmic inputs but, instead, produces categorical representation of rhythms. These neural rhythm categories arise automatically, independent of any motor- or timing-related tasks, yet exhibit strong similarity with categorization observed in overt behavior. Together, these results and methodological advances constitute a critical step toward understanding the biological roots and diversity of musical behaviors across cultures.This work was supported by the Starting Grant from the European Research Council (801872) and Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS (T.0227.25) (to S.N.) and the Marie Skłodowska-Curie programme (101148958) (to T.L.)
Diagnostic Potential of a Recombinant Candida albicans Hyr1 Protein
No full textInvasive candidiasis (IC) is a life-threatening fungal infection caused by Candida species. Current diagnostic methods are based on blood culture of the fungus, a technique with limited sensitivity and slow turnaround times. To address these limitations, novel diagnostic strategies are under investigation. This study evaluates the diagnostic potential of the Candida albicans germ tube protein Hyr1 and a subterminal Hyr1 fragment (D22b), both produced in an eukaryotic expression system, for the diagnosis of IC; for that purpose, recombinant Hyr1 and D22b were expressed in Pichia pastoris and tested by ELISA using sera from 176 patients at risk of invasive fungal infections. The diagnostic performance of these antigens was determined and compared with other biomarkers (CAGTA and β-D-glucan). Interestingly, the recombinant proteins exhibited higher apparent molecular weights than predicted, suggesting the presence of post-translational modifications. Serological detection of antibodies against the recombinant Hyr1 and D22b fragment successfully distinguished patients with IC caused by the most commonly isolated Candida species, achieving sensitivities greater than 70% and specificities above 80%. These findings highlight the potential of the serological detection of antibodies to Hyr1 and D22b as a promising diagnostic approach that overcomes the drawbacks of CAGTA detection and could serve as a valuable complement to blood culture, supporting earlier diagnosis and guiding timely treatment decisions in IC. Furthermore, comparing results obtained with antigens produced in eukaryotic and prokaryotic systems, results suggest that accurate protein folding and post-translational processing influence the success of the diagnostic techniqueOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. Funding for this work was provided by the University of the Basque Country EHU (GIU21/017) and the Basque Government (IT913-16). M. B-V was supported by a fellowship from the University of the Basque Country EHU (PIF19/316)