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Rendre la décroissance réelle par l’imaginaire effectif
No full textNotre interrogation porte sur la manière de rendre la décroissance réelle. Nous explorons d’abord des ouvrages récents sur la décroissance et ordonnons les diverses propositions étudiées en trois familles : économique, culturelle et matérialiste. Nous comprenons ainsi l’importance de l’imaginaire social et de la production (de biens et de services) qui repose sur le travail salarié. De là, nous développons la perspective transformatrice de l’imaginaire effectif, un imaginaire créateur qui agit sur les rapports sociaux organisant la production. Muni du prisme de l’imaginaire effectif, nous analysons des théories et des pratiques décroissancistes sélectionnées et concluons que le modèle coopératif est celui qui incarne le mieux la transformation requise pour rendre réelle la décroissance redéfinissant, au passage, ce que travailler signifie, on pourrait dire coopérer. Notre proposition consiste donc à réfléchir aux conditions permettant de rendre effectives les théories et pratiques décroissancistes, c’est-à-dire leur permettre d’avoir des effets sensibles et durables
Navigating the Waters of Precarity: Dynamics of Work in Vietnamese Offshore Fisheries
No full textVietnam, a major exporter of fish products and one of the top ten capture fisheries producer countries by volume, is currently undergoing fisheries reforms under international and national pressure. The country's fisheries have been under criticism for environmentally unsustainable and harmful practices, violations of international maritime borders, and a lack of traceability of both fish and fishers, among other things. And yet, much of this criticism ignores the livelihoods, experiences, tough choices, and the social-environmental situations of fishers themselves. It is in this context that this thesis seeks to understand working conditions, labour dynamics and social relations in Vietnamese offshore fisheries. In the format of three journal articles, I examine the compounding challenges faced by Vietnamese offshore fishers and explore the ways in which fishers navigate these challenges and adapt to change, including policy and legal change at various levels. As a dangerous, environmentally-dependant job where pay is tied to inconsistent catch amounts and where fishers become subject to the legal authority of multiple states as they move through international waters, fishing is precarious work. Through interviews and participant observation, this research illuminates the perspectives of workers, captains, and boat owners in Southern Vietnam to uncover the ways in which precarity shapes offshore fishing. This thesis seeks to explain both material and social relations in a market deeply embedded in global capitalism
Identification of Direct Motor Cortical Neuronal Inputs to the Dorsal-Lateral Subdomain of the Subventricular Zone
No full textÀ la demande de l'auteur, le résumé a été retiré en raison de la nature confidentielle de la thèse. Il sera ajouté une fois la période d'embargo terminée.
At the author’s request, the abstract has been removed due to the confidential nature of the thesis. It will be added once the embargo period has passed
Finding the right dose: a scoping review examining facilitation as an implementation strategy for evidence-based stroke care
No full textAbstract Background Despite evidence supporting interventions that improve outcomes for patients with stroke, their implementation remains suboptimal. Facilitation can support implementation of research into clinical practice by helping people develop the strategies to implement change. However, variability in the amount (dose) and type of facilitation activities/facilitator roles that make up the facilitation strategies (content), may affect the effectiveness of facilitation. This review aimed to determine if, and how, facilitation dose is measured or reported and the type of facilitation strategies used to support adoption of stroke interventions in hospitals and subacute settings. We also assessed whether the included studies had reporting checklists or guidelines. Methods The scoping review was based on Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. Cochrane, CINAHL and MEDLINE databases were searched to identify randomised trials and quasi-experimental studies of stroke interventions published between January 2017 and July 2023. Accompanying publications (quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods or process evaluation papers) from eligible studies were also included. Narrative data synthesis was undertaken. Results Ten studies (23 papers) from 649 full-text papers met the inclusion criteria. Only two studies reported the total facilitation dose, measured as the frequency and duration of facilitation encounters. Authors of the remaining eight studies reported only the frequency and/or duration of varying facilitation activities but not the total dose. The facilitation activities included remote external facilitator support via ongoing telecommunication (phone calls, emails, teleconferences), continuous engagement from on-site internal facilitators, face-to-face workshops and/or education sessions from external or internal facilitators. Facilitator roles were broad: site-specific briefing, action planning and/or goal setting; identifying enablers and barriers to change; coaching, training, education or feedback; and network support. Only two studies included reporting checklists/guidelines to support researchers to describe interventions and implementation studies in sufficient detail to enable replication. Conclusions There is a paucity of information on the measurement of facilitation dose and reporting on specific details of facilitation activities in stroke implementation studies. Detailed reporting of dose and content is needed to improve the scientific basis of facilitation as strategic support to enable improvements to stroke care. Development of a standardised measurement approach for facilitation dose would inform future research and translation of findings
Mental Health Visits Among Physicians in their Early Career in Ontario, Canada: Observational Retrospective Cohort Study
No full textBackground: Physician mental health is an emerging concern within the medical profession. This study focused on examining sex-based differences in mental health visits among early-career physicians compared to non-physicians.
Methods: This retrospective, population-based study was conducted using linked administrative data from Ontario, Canada, from April 1, 2004, to March 31, 2018.
Results: Among 10,925 early-career physicians, 19.0% had an outpatient mental health visit. Female physicians were found to be at a higher risk for mental health visits compared to male physicians (23.0%vs.15.0%; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.44; 95% CI, 1.35-1.54). However, early-career physicians, regardless of their sex, had a lower likelihood of mental health visits when compared to non-physicians (female physicians: [HR] 0.89; male physicians: [HR] 0.81).
Conclusion: Mental health visits are common among females regardless of their physician status. While early-career physicians experience a higher risk of mental health visits, this risk is relatively lower than the matched non-physicians
Exploring the Experiences of Ontario Grade 4-6 Teachers with Refugee Students
No full textThe global refugee crisis has significantly impacted millions worldwide, necessitating the need for effective support systems, especially in education. This research addressed the experiences of grades 4 to 6 teachers in Ontario public schools with refugee students. The study sought to investigate how these teachers support the educational needs of refugee students. It also aimed to identify the strategies teachers use to support the educational needs of refugee students. Furthermore, the study aimed to uncover support mechanisms and resources currently available to educators, as well as additional resources and mechanisms that teachers believe would better assist them in educating refugee students. Drawing on the Bronfenbrenner bioecological systems theory, the study delved into the interactions shaping the experiences of teachers and refugee students. Using a multiple case study methodology, semi-structured interviews were conducted with six participants. Data analysis followed the constant comparative method. The research suggested that teachers were dedicated to supporting refugee students despite inadequate training and limited resources. They faced challenges such as language barriers and trauma, which affected students’ engagement and comprehension. Teachers employed various strategies to create inclusive classrooms and provide tailored academic and emotional support. However, they felt incapable due to resource constraints and called for more staffing, practical professional development, and enhanced support services to effectively meet refugee students’ needs
Food for Thought: Exploring the Food Literacy of Students at a Canadian University
No full textÀ la demande de l'auteur, le résumé a été retiré en raison de la nature confidentielle de la thèse. Il sera ajouté une fois la période d'embargo terminée.
At the author’s request, the abstract has been removed due to the confidential nature of the thesis. It will be added once the embargo period has passed
Les freins à la prise en compte de la pluralité linguistique à l’école francophone : perspectives enseignantes.
No full textEn milieu francophone minoritaire, la pluralité linguistique n’est pas un phénomène nouveau. Depuis plus de vingt ans, la recherche invite les écoles francophones à être plus inclusives (Bouchamma, 2009 ; Dalley, 2003 ; Gérin-Lajoie, 2004 ; Jacquet et al., 2008). Or, ce qu’on observe, c’est la difficulté de mettre en place des approches didactiques qui reconnaissent, valorisent et mobilisent les répertoires plurilingues des élèves (Dagenais, 2017 ; Fleuret, 2020). Quels seraient donc les freins à la prise en compte de la pluralité linguistique ? Ancrée dans une approche systémique de l’éducation, cette analyse secondaire de données ethnographiques est tirée d’une étude doctorale réalisée dans une école de Vancouver. L’article donne la parole à 12 enseignantes et enseignants pour identifier des facteurs qui pourraient rendre possible l’atteinte des objectifs d’inclusion : les idéologies et représentations linguistiques, la formation et les ressources du personnel, ainsi que le leadership et soutien des équipes-écoles
Essays on Finance and Corporate Innovation
No full textThis thesis consists of two essays on corporate innovation, CEO compensation, firm performance, macroeconomic risk, and stock returns. The first empirical work sheds light on the relationship between failure in innovation, CEO compensation packages, firm performance, and other additional tests. Compensation packages serve as an instrument to motivate CEOs to achieve high performance. On the one hand, CEOs may engage in a reckless shopping spree to build an empire without penalty for poor performance. On the other hand, if the penalty is severe, CEOs will be reluctant to extend the firm's investment in innovation, which is long-term, unpredictable, idiosyncratic, and involves a high probability of failure. To strike a balance between investing in innovation projects and risk aversion, our study suggests that firms might need to design optimal incentive packages that are more tolerant of CEOs who experience failures in innovation. We measure innovation failures by a firm’s non-granted patents (NGPs) per year. The results show that there is a significant reduction post-NGPs year in CEOs’ short-term incentives (jointly and separately). In particular, when we look at the relationship between NGPs and the changes in salary and bonus separately, we find a negative and significant correlation between these factors and NGPs, with more impact on bonus (with a higher Pearson’s r) than salary. This is because bonus schemes are dependent on earnings. In other words, the bonuses of CEOs, particularly those in firms actively engaged in innovation, are associated with the success of these innovations. When we join these two components of CEO compensation, we discover a negative and significant correlation between a CEO’s cash compensation (the sum of both) and NGPs, but with less impact compared to the separate tests. The log we use on total cash compensation may weaken the results.
When we examine the relationship between NGPs and the CEO’s long-term incentives, we find a negative and significant correlation between the subsequent CEO’s stock-based compensation and firms’ NGPs. However, we did not observe any significant correlation between NGPs and the changes in other components of the CEO’s long-term compensation, such as option-based compensation. In addition, we computed several compensation variables, including short- and long-term compensation, stock and options, etc., to investigate the same relationship. Our findings show that there is no significant relationship between the changes in these variables and NGPs. The first study also includes a significant section that explores the changes in the firm's performance after the NGP year. We find that the changes in subsequent firm performance, as measured by ROA and ROE, have a significant negative correlation with the NGPs. Furthermore, we set up two supplementary empirical models to investigate the relationship between innovation failure and (1) CEO departure (given that almost 24% of CEOs left their positions post-NGPs) and (2) the changes in R&D investments, as the rest of the CEOs held their positions for a minimum of three years. The results indicate that NGPs have no direct impact on CEO departure following the failure in innovation. Regarding the changes in R&D, we find that R&D is negatively and statistically significantly in response to NGPs. This finding indicates that CEOs tend to sharply reduce the firm’s subsequent investment in R&D, particularly when they face failures in obtaining patents.
The second empirical work explores how firms' exposure to macroeconomic risk can help explain the relationship between firms' R&D investment (i.e., innovation input), patents granted (i.e., innovation output), and stock returns. To understand the relationship between these variables, we introduce two critical macro-level risk factors that are missing in the literature: exposure to economic growth, or short-run risk (SRR), and exposure to expected economic growth and uncertainty, or long-run risk (LRR). The latter has two components that capture economic conditions: expansion (high economic growth and/or low economic uncertainty) or recession (low economic growth and/or high economic uncertainty). We first examine the relationship between firms' exposure to SRR and LRR and R&D expenditure. We find that firms with low exposure to SRR engage more in R&D spending, making their future earnings more exposed to LRR. As compensation for LRR dominates, these firms also have higher stock returns. This result shows that firms with higher size-adjusted R&D investment have higher stock returns or risk premiums, providing a risk-based analysis of why R&D investment is considered a risk factor in the literature.
We then examine the relationship between patents granted and exposure to SRR and LRR. In contrast to R&D expenditure, we find a positive relationship between patents and SRR and a strong and negative relationship between patents and LRR (i.e., a negative relationship with expected economic growth and/or a positive relationship with future economic uncertainty). This confirms that firms that are frequent innovators have low betas to economic fluctuations, so that patents reduce firms' exposure to future uncertainty. Despite being less exposed to long-term risk, we do not find that their stock returns are lower on average but higher.
To further investigate the reason for the latter result, we develop strategies that double-sort firms into the two innovation dimensions, R&D spending and patents granted, in order to compute the corresponding average stock returns and the betas of SRR and LRR for each category. First, we examine the risk exposure of firms with similar levels of R&D spending and show that the decrease in beta to LRR (specifically economic growth) is driven by firms with higher R&D investment. Looking at firms with similar numbers of patents granted per year, we find that the more a firm invests in R&D, the higher its exposure to future macroeconomic conditions. Second, within firms with different levels of R&D spending, we find that there is no relationship between patents granted and stock returns. However, when analyzing the relationship between patent returns and R&D returns, we find that although stock returns increase with the total number of patents, the increase is less pronounced than the increase in R&D expenditure. This shows that the long-term risk of investing in R&D is reduced, but not completely offset, by the granting of patents
Journal of Prisoners on Prisons, V34, #1
No full textVOLUME 34, Number 1 (2025) is a special issue of the Journal of Prisoners on Prisons on “Emotions and the Affective Politics of Incarceration” edited by Jennifer M. Kilty (University of Ottawa), Rachel Fayter (Carleton University) and Justin Piché (University of Ottawa). In addition to articles on the emotions, affect and imprisonment, this edition of the journal includes a call for contributions for the 50th edition of Prisoners’ Justice Day, book reviews, and artwork by Steel Door Studios (https://steeldoorstudios.com).INTRODUCTION FROM THE ISSUE EDITORS
Feeling the Carceral: Emotions and the Aff ective Politics of Incarceration
Jennifer M. Kilty, Rachel Fayter and Justin Piché
ARTICLES
Emotional Perspectives from Carceral Spaces and Beyond
Ronnice Giscombe, Wes Guzylak, Ogo Esenwah, Varina Gurdyal and Nadia Judunath
Education, Gossip and Social Carcerality: Contesting the Liminal Spaces Between Incarcerated Body and Incarcerated Mind
Billie Cates and Gerty B.
À fl eur de peau: An In-depth Look at Two Strategies of Handling Emotion in French Prisons
Y.E., Hannah Davis and H.W.
The Power of Meaning
Star Morrison
A PAWSitive Connection
Todd Ramsum
Emotions Are Ours as Humans: The No Apology, Apology
Cathee
Prison is a Trap
K WooDZ
RESPONSE
Carceral Power and Emotions: A Refl ection
Kevin Walby
PRISONERS’ STRUGGLES
Call for Contributions: Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of Prisoners’ Justice Day
Abolition Coalition
BOOK REVIEWS
The Sentences That Create Us: Crafting a Writer’s Life in Prison by Caits Meissner (2022)
Chicago: Haymarket Books, 339 pp.
Reviewed by David Morales Zenquis
The Prisoner Society: Power, Adaptation and Social Life in an English Prison by Ben Crewe (2009)
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 519 pp.
Reviewed by Mohammad Jahirul Islam
Out to Defend Ourselves: A History of Montreal’s First Haitian Street Gang by Maxime Aurélien and Ted Rutland (2023)
Halifax: Fernwood Publishing, 170 pp.
Reviewed by Sacha Alfonzo V
Divide and Conquer: Race, Gangs, Identity and Conflict by Robert D. Weide (2022)
Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 284 pp.
Reviewed by Gary J. Kowaluk
Available Titles and Call for Book Reviews
Journal of Prisoners on Prisons
UPCOMING SPECIAL ISSUES – CALL FOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Profiling and Carceral States / Les profilages et les états carcéral
Justin Piché and Sandra Lehalle / Observatoire des profi lages
P4W 25 Years Later: Memory, Art and Action
Linda Mussell, Rachel Fayter and Wendy Johanne Bariteau
COVER ART
“Blue Boy” (front cover)
Steel Door Studios
2024
“Blue Boy 4” (back cover)
Steel Door Studios
202