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AI n’oge ntuliaka: Ụzọ anọ a ga-esi chekwaa ntuliaka ma kpuchite ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya
No full textỌmụmaatụ ndị e nwetara na nso nso a na mba Brazịl, Romanịa, Gabọn, Amerịka na mba ndị ọzọ na-egosi ka AI ndị na-egwu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị ji eme ihe pụrụ isi bibie ntụkwasaozi ntuliaka na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya.
Oge ụfọdụ, mba dị iche iche anaghị adị nkwadobe makai he ịmaaka sitere na AI: ụfọdụ mba enweghị iwu na-achịkọta AI na ntuliaka, otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị dị iche iche enwebeghị nkwekọrịta gbasara ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị e si ahazi ntuliaka n’ọgbọ AI, dịkwa ka ụfọdụ ụlọikpe apụghị imegide mwakpo ndị e ji AI mee n’usoro ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ha.
Anyị na-atụ aro ihe anọ a pụrụ ime: Gọọmenti kwesịrị imegharị iwu ntuliaka (ịmaatụ, iji kwụsị ihe ndị e ji AI mepụta na-eduhie ndị mmadụ ụzọ); otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị dị iche iche kwesịrị ịnabata iwu na usoro akparamaagwa nke ga-edo ha anya gbasara ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị e si eji AI eme ihe maka ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị; ụlọorụ ndị na-ahazi ntuliaka kwesịrị ihibe otu ndị kwụụrụ n’onwe ha iji gbochie ma leba anya n’ịgwa aka ọbụla e ji AI mee; gọọmenti kwesịkwara ihibe otu ga-echekwa ntụkwasịobi ntuliaka maka AI n’ogogo mbaụwa, iji buo agha megide ịnọ na mba manye aka na mba ọzọ.Di A badigere nchọcha a site na ntụnyeoke Fonds de recherche du Québec, CEIMIA, the Canada CIFAR Chair in AI and Human Rights at Mila nakwa mahadum University of Ottawa Research Chair in Technology and Society, tinyekwara enyemaka Délégation du Québec à Rome and SIOI maka ịhazi ọgbakọ ahụ
Between hope and future planning: the dementia journey for care partners through the lens of relational autonomy
No full textAbstract Background Future planning is essential for care partners to discuss and prepare for the goals of care for their relatives living with dementia. However, engaging in these discussions can be particularly challenging as care partners navigate the unpredictable and uncertain trajectory of dementia. This study aimed to explore how care partners of persons living with dementia engage in future planning (or not) throughout the dementia journey. Methods This multi-method qualitative study used a relational autonomy framework to examine the experiences of care partners providing daily care to a person living with dementia. Fifteen care partners from British Columbia, Canada, participated in semi-structured interviews and maintained reflective diaries over a period of up to two years (August 2020–October 2023). Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify patterns and themes related to future planning. Results Four key themes were identified through the analysis: (1) changes to living arrangements, as care partners adjusted to the evolving needs of their relatives; (2) anticipatory grief, reflecting the emotional impact of witnessing the progression of dementia; (3) future planning with changing health, highlighting the challenges of aligning care plans with the shifting health status of the person living with dementia; and (4) finding hope, as care partners sought meaning and optimism amidst uncertainty. Conclusions This study underscores the complex and dynamic nature of future planning for care partners of individuals with progressive dementias. The findings highlight the need for tailored resources and interventions to support care partners in navigating future planning discussions, particularly in light of the emotional and relational challenges they face. Developing such resources could improve the preparedness and well-being of care partners as they engage in this critical aspect of caregiving
Prediction of health-related quality-of-life results after lung stereotactic body radiotherapy using dose-volume parameters from functional mapping on Gallium-68 perfusion PET/CT
No full textAbstract Background The PEGASUS trial was the first study to evaluate and demonstrate the benefits of 68Ga-perfusion PET/CT in the lung stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) planning process in preserving functional lung volumes while respecting target volume coverage and doses to other organs at risk. Here we report the prespecified exploratory endpoint of SBRT on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Methods In this single-center prospective study, we recruited patients planned to be treated in our radiotherapy department with SBRT for primary or secondary lung tumors. Patient-reported outcomes were assessed at the first visit, 1 month, 3 months and every 3 months until 12 months after SBRT using the European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 items (QLQ-C30), the EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire Lung Cancer 13 items (QLQ-LC13), and the European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions-5 Level (EQ-5D-5 L) questionnaire. The key exploratory HRQoL endpoints (analyzed for all patients who completed at least QLQ-C30 at least one time point after SBRT) were baseline-to-early change (between 1 month and 3 month) and baseline-to-late change (between 6 month and 12 month) in the QLQ-C30 global health status (GHS)/quality-of-life (QoL) score and in the deterioration of the dyspnea (patient-reported lung toxicity). Explorative analysis of the impact of baseline HRQoL, patient- and SBRT-related characteristics, including PET perfusion-based functional parameters, on the change in HRQoL from baseline was analyzed using univariate analysis. Results Of the 60 patients included, 39 were analyzable as early-onset and 22 as late-onset. Thirteen (33%) and 7 (32%) patients had a deterioration of QoL. In univariate analysis, maximal dose to the heart, doses to the functional lung volume and pulmonary functional test parameters were significantly associated with the early deterioration of HRQoL. Only doses to the functional lung volume were significantly associated with the late deterioration of HRQoL. Conclusion In our study, increased radiation doses in functional lung volume PET bases dose parameters were significantly associated with a decrease of HRQoL unlike anatomic lung parameters. Functional lung avoidance planning guided by perfusion PET/CT may be a simple and noninvasive method to improve HRQoL in patients treated with lung SBRT
Enemy Minority: Negotiating Ethnic Difference in Post-War Vukovar
No full textThis dissertation explores the experience of Croatian Serbs in the post-conflict context of Vukovar, focusing on how they navigate their identities as a marginalized "enemy minority" within the Croatian nation-state. Through an ethnographic lens, the research investigates the complex and often contradictory ways in which individuals and institutions within the Serb community perform, negotiate, and reconstruct their identities, shaped by both the legacies of violence and the dominant Croatian national narrative surrounding the Serb community. Drawing on concepts such as ontological security, spatial governmentality, and the continuum of violence, the thesis examines how inter-ethnic and intra-ethnic tensions manifest in everyday life, influencing social dynamics and the broader processes of belonging and exclusion. By exploring key themes such as memory, language practices, youth violence, gender regimes in nationalism, and minority subject formation, this dissertation reveals the ways in which the Serb community in Vukovar both resists and perpetuates the dominant ethnic divisions of post-conflict Croatian society.
The research employs a combination of qualitative methods, including participant observation and semi-structured interviews, to examine how Serbs in Vukovar cope with their stigmatized ethnic identity. The thesis argues that while the Serb community is politically disempowered, it remains a significant presence within the national discourse, continually framed as the "Other". The dissertation introduces the concept of "enemy minority", a category distinct from other minority groups, where difference is perceived as a threat to the nation-state's ontological security. This theoretical framework allows for a nuanced understanding of how certain minorities, particularly those with histories of inter-ethnic violence, negotiate their place in a post-conflict society.
The five chapters of this dissertation explore distinct yet interconnected aspects of Serb life in Vukovar: the politics of memory and commemoration, linguistic practices and boundary-making, the role of minority education in reinforcing national narratives, the gendered regimes of ethnic divisions, and alternative conceptions of citizenship and the future. In doing so, it underscores the complexity and fluidity of ethnic identity in post-Yugoslav Croatia, emphasizing the importance of recognizing the diverse and contested ways in which Serbs live with their "enemy" status. Through this lens, the dissertation contributes to broader discussions on nationalism, minority rights, post-socialism, and the politics of belonging in the contemporary European context
Code as Social Archaeology: Uncovering Generative Mechanisms Through Algorithmic Analysis
No full textThis presentation examines how algorithmic systems shape social reality through the lens of Roy Bhaskar’s critical realist framework, using France’s Parcoursup university admission platform as a case study. Drawing on critical realism’s stratified ontology, the analysis positions source code and algorithms as genuine generative mechanisms operating in the domain of the real, while their execution constitutes events in the actual domain, producing observable social outcomes in the empirical domain. The 2018 transition from Admission Post-Bac to Parcoursup marks a significant shift in French higher education policy, replacing randomized selection with “merit-based” evaluation and introducing university-controlled candidate scoring systems. Through an archaeological analysis of these algorithmic mechanisms, the presentation demonstrates how Parcoursup reinforces existing educational stratification while creating new forms of social sorting that cannot be reduced to code alone. The critical realist perspective reveals the emergent properties arising from interactions between algorithmic and human decision-making, illustrating how code embodies policy choices and social values. This approach challenges purely technical understandings of algorithms by positioning them as causal powers embedded within broader social structures. The presentation concludes by discussing methodological implications for studying algorithmic systems, highlighting the importance of transparency and free and open-source software (FOSS) for effective social research into these increasingly influential mechanisms of social reproduction and stratification
The Role of French-Ambience on Ethnolinguistic Identity & Career Decision-Making Difficulties: Impacts on Life Satisfaction & Linguistic Intentions Among Ontario Grade 12 Students in French-Language High Schools
No full textDespite the 1927 repeal of Ontario's ban on French-language education, Franco-Ontarian students continue facing challenges in pursuing French studies. Objective: This study examined factors that influenced grade 12 Ontario French-language students' intentions to study in French and their well-being. It was hypothesized that French-ambience would influence ethnolinguistic identity, which in turn would predict linguistic intentions and positively correlate with well-being after controlling proximity to French-language post-secondary institutions. Career decision-making difficulties (CDMD) were expected to negatively correlate to linguistic intentions, ethnolinguistic identity, and life satisfaction, while linguistic intentions and life satisfaction were expected to be positively correlated. Methods: A survey-based cross-sectional design collected data from 1127 grade 12 French-language students in Ontario. Results: French-ambience explained 18% of the variance in ethnolinguistic identity, which predicted linguistic intentions (6% variance) and was positively correlated with life satisfaction (r = .125). CDMD was negatively correlated with life satisfaction (r = -.233) and linguistic intentions (r = -.115), but not ethnolinguistic identity. Linguistic intentions and life satisfaction were weakly positively correlated (r = .064.). Conclusions: Ethnolinguistic identity plays a critical role in shaping well-being and linguistic intentions while emphasizing the role of French-ambience in strengthening identity, despite persistent CDMD and the limited impact of institutional proximity
"Chasing Japan" Through Travel Photographs: Fashioning the National-Cultural Identity in Japan
No full textThis research is concerned with the role of travel photographs in shaping the national-cultural identity of Japan. The photographic medium has been used as tool to manipulate the (self-)imagery of nations. Hence, I suggest that the travel photographs of Japan (re-)produce familiar sights, scenes, symbols, events, practices common to the imaginary of Japan, which helps reinforce and entrench a particular national-cultural identity of Japan in the imaginary. In this research, I have analyzed picture-taking habits in Kōchi and Kyoto prefectures, using fieldwork observation, photo-elicitation and informal interviews to understand engagement with photographic images of Japan. My findings revealed a tendency of travel photographs to lean toward seeking an expected authentic experience of Japan, thus (re-)producing what was already in the visual field. This phenomenon of 'chasing Japan' is valuable in considering how the national-cultural identity of Japan is fashioned through travel photography
Preparing and Presenting a Refugee Claim in Canada: A Feminist Analysis of Women Refugee Claimants' Experiences and Agency in Seeking Asylum
No full textThis thesis examines the experiences of women seeking asylum in Canada and the role of gender in their claim preparation, specifically focusing on three issues: legal representation, the writing of the basis for the claim, and the preparation for the hearing. Drawing on postcolonial feminism and intersectionality, as well as a three-part conceptualization of agency, this thesis aims to provide a better understanding of the diversity of women's engagements in preparing their claims by examining the challenges they encounter and the actions they take to address them. In accordance with the thesis's objectives to illuminate the experiences of women in a contextualized way, data was collected through interviews with women who had been through the refugee determination process and with immigration lawyers. In total, nine women and 14 immigration lawyers participated in the research. In addition to the interviews, three observations of meetings between refugee claimants and their lawyers were conducted.
The findings revealed the various forms of agency women exert in preparing their claims, from selecting a lawyer to represent them, to adapting their behaviour during the hearing, to their role in writing the basis of their claims. The analysis then illuminated numerous factors that could potentially facilitate or limit this agency, including gender roles, culture, and ethnicity as primary intersecting factors, followed by and interacting with language, financial limitations, and education. The findings also underscored the ambivalent role of certain lawyers, whose presence, while crucial, may sometimes create challenges for women. From this perspective, the analysis shed light on the power asymmetry that may exist in women's relationships not only with their lawyers but also with their partners and family members, and how all these relationships may sometimes overlap to create specific difficulties for women. Finally, the analysis underscored the continuing prevalence of preconceived ideas about women claimants, their perceived vulnerability, and their experiences of violence. --
Cette thèse examine les expériences des femmes qui demandent l'asile au Canada et le rôle du genre dans la préparation de leur demande, en se concentrant spécifiquement sur trois problématiques : la représentation juridique, la rédaction de la base de la demande et la préparation à l'audience. S'appuyant sur le féminisme postcolonial et l'intersectionnalité, de même que sur une conceptualisation tripartite de l'agentivité, cette thèse cherche à offrir une meilleure compréhension de la diversité des engagements des femmes dans la préparation de leur demande en examinant les défis qu'elles rencontrent et les actions qu'elles prennent pour les surmonter. En accord avec les objectifs de la thèse d'illuminer les expériences des femmes de façon contextualisée, les données ont été collectées à travers des entrevues avec des femmes qui ont traversé le processus de détermination du statut de réfugié et des avocat·e·s spécialisé·e·s dans le domaine de l'immigration. Au total, neuf femmes et 14 avocat·e·s spécialisé·e·s dans le domaine de l'immigration ont participé à la recherche. En plus des entrevues, trois observations de rencontres entre des personnes qui demandent le statut de réfugié et leurs avocat·e·s ont été réalisées.
Les résultats ont révélé les formes variées d'agentivité que les femmes exercent lorsqu'elles préparent leur demande, de la sélection d'un·e avocat·e pour les représenter, à l'adaptation de leur comportement lors de l'audience, en passant par leur rôle dans l'écriture de la base de leur demande. L'analyse a ensuite illuminé les nombreux facteurs qui peuvent potentiellement faciliter ou limiter cette agentivité, y compris les rôles de genre, la culture et l'ethnicité comme premiers facteurs se croisant mutuellement, suivis par et interagissant avec la langue, les limitations financières et l'éducation. Les résultats ont aussi souligné le rôle ambivalent de certain·e·s avocat·e·s dont la présence, bien que cruciale, peut parfois créer des défis pour les femmes. Dans cette perspective, l'analyse a mis en lumière l'asymétrie de pouvoir qui peut exister dans les relations que les femmes entretiennent non seulement avec leurs avocat·e·s mais aussi avec leurs partenaires et les membres de leurs familles, et comment toutes ces relations peuvent parfois se superposer, créant des difficultés spécifiques pour les femmes. Enfin, l'analyse a souligné la prévalence continue d'idées préconçues à propos des femmes qui demandent l'asile, leur vulnérabilité perçue et leurs expériences de violence
Evaluation of household coverage with long-lasting insecticidal nets in central Côte d’Ivoire
No full textAbstract Background To reduce malaria burden in Côte d'Ivoire, the Ministry of Health aims for 90% of its population to possess one long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) for every two persons by 2025. This study evaluated LLIN coverage two years after a mass distribution in central Côte d'Ivoire. Methods A census was conducted in 43 villages. Data were collected on household geo-position, composition, number of sleeping units and LLINs owned. LLIN coverage was assessed using: 1/ownership; proportion of household with at least one LLIN; 2/household access; households with sufficient nets for every two persons and for every sleeping unit; and 3/population access; proportion of population with access to LLIN within households and sleeping units. Results 10,630 households (89.6% response rate) and 46,619 inhabitants were recruited. Household LLIN ownership was 63.8% (95% CI: 58.7–68.8). Household LLIN access was 37.6% (95% CI: 33.2–42.0) based on 1 LLIN per 2 persons and 37.1% (95% CI: 33.0–41.2) based on 1 net per sleeping unit. Population LLIN access based on 1 LLIN per 2 persons and 1 net per sleeping space was 53.3% (95% CI: 48.6–58.1) and 49.4% (95% CI: 45.1–53.6), respectively. Approximately 17% of households with access for every 2 persons did not have access by every sleeping unit and 9.7% of households with access by sleeping unit did not have access for every 2 persons. Households with adequate access by sleeping unit but not for every 2 persons tend to be larger with fewer sleeping units, and have children under 5 years old and female members. The largest households (>7 members) and households with at least one under-five member had the lowest access (20.8 and 27.3%, respectively). Conclusion LLIN access was low in this area of intense indoor malaria transmission, 2 years after the last mass distribution campaign. Strategies are needed to improve LLINs coverage
What Cannot Be Borne Alone: An Anthropology of Sickle Cell Suffering
No full textThis thesis is an anthropology of suffering conducted with a sickle cell community anchored in Montreal, and extending to the Ottawa region. It explores the entanglements of sickle cell disease with non-biomedical dimensions of people's lives: blackness and antiblackness, the cultural stigmatization of sickle cell in Afro-diasporic communities, and evangelical Christianity, a predominant religious affiliation in the sickle cell community. The suffering shared in the sickle cell community is inextricable from their Black identities, as well as the persistence of antiblack racism. In addition, their suffering is shaped by community participants' shared histories of migration, and the presence of sickle cell stigma in their home and diasporic communities. Finally, sickle cell suffering is tightly bound up with the evangelical religious experience. While evangelical churches may reproduce and intensify sickle cell stigma, God offers dual salvation to the faithful: salvation from, and salvation through, suffering. God's promises to save from, and to teach through, suffering allow people of the sickle cell community to hope for an end to suffering, but also to find purpose in suffering. The sickle cell community thus emerges at the confluence of, on the one hand, faith; and on the other, multiple axes of social exclusion criss-crossing its participants' lives. The latter live their illness as a form of social abandonment, but in sharing their similar experiences of suffering within the sickle cell community, they forge ties of intimacy, care for one another, and collectively lift their suffering. Ultimately, it is faith that sustains the community, for it impels believers to labour toward alleviating their peers' suffering. The sickle cell community lives on, in this manner, through the sharing and the mutual gifting of its participants' suffering. As such, this thesis sutures two appearingly dissonant modalities of suffering, namely social and redemptive suffering. --
Ce mémoire se présente comme une anthropologie de la souffrance menée auprès d'une communauté dédiée à la maladie de l'anémie falciforme, localisée dans les régions de Montréal et d'Ottawa. Il explore les rapports entre l'anémie falciforme et certaines dimensions non biomédicales de la vie des personnes atteintes de la maladie, à savoir leur identités noires et le racisme, la stigmatisation culturelle de l'anémie falciforme dans les communautés afro-diasporiques et, enfin, le christianisme évangélique, une confession prédominante au sein de la communauté de l'anémie falciforme. La souffrance partagée à l'intérieur de la communauté de l'anémie falciforme est, en premier lieu, indissociable de l'identité noire, ainsi que de la persistance de la marginalisation raciale. En deuxième lieu, cette souffrance est façonnée par l'histoire collective de migration portée par les membres de la communauté et par la stigmatisation de l'anémie falciforme au sein de leur communauté d'origine et dans les communautés diasporiques. En troisième lieu, la souffrance entourant l'anémie falciforme est étroitement rattachée à l'expérience religieuse évangélique. Si les églises évangéliques peuvent reproduire et intensifier la stigmatisation de l'anémie falciforme, Dieu offre un double salut aux fidèles : la fin de la souffrance et la rédemption grâce à la souffrance. Les promesses divines pour soulager la souffrance et d'enseigner à travers elle permettent aux membres de la communauté de l'anémie falciforme d'espérer la fin de la souffrance - mais aussi de donner un sens à leur vie. Cette communauté émerge donc à la confluence de la foi et de multiples axes d'exclusion sociale qui sillonnent la vie de ses membres. À la base, ceux-ci vivent leur maladie comme une forme d'abandon social. Toutefois, en partageant leurs expériences similaires de souffrance au sein de leur communauté, les participants tissent des liens d'intimité, prennent soin les uns des autres et allègent collectivement leur souffrance. Ultimement, la foi nourrit la communauté, car elle pousse les croyants à œuvrer pour soulager la souffrance de leurs pairs. La communauté de l'anémie falciforme perdure ainsi à travers le partage et l'échange mutuel de la souffrance de ses membres. En ce sens, ce mémoire fait intervenir et relie deux modalités de souffrance qui sont à première vue dissonantes, soit la souffrance sociale et la souffrance rédemptrice