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Effects of Mortality Salience on Racism in Singapore
Full text linkThis article aims to examine the effects of mortality salience on explicit racism (Studies 1 and 2) and implicit racism (Study 3) in Singapore. There was no significant effect of mortality salience on both explicit racism and implicit racism (Studies 1–3). Furthermore, while social dominance orientation was associated with higher explicit racism, it did not moderate the effects of mortality salience on explicit racism (Study 2). In contrast, while social dominance orientation was not associated with implicit racism, it moderated the effects of mortality salience on implicit racism (Study 3). The results might be explained by the adoption of a superordinate Singaporean identity, the strict laws against explicit racism in Singapore, and a lack of mortality salience effects. Future research directions include examining the effects of mortality salience on racism in countries with lenient laws against racism and examining right-wing authoritarianism as a potential moderator
Fear of missing out and beyond: Unveiling theoretical dimensions in post-pandemic festival events and community engagement dynamics
No full textThis study unveils a framework, proposing that fear of missing out is fundamental to residents' support for hosting festival events. Unlike traditional definitions, we redefine FOMO as the fear of missing out on the same festival event others attend, especially relevant in the post-pandemic resurgence of physical festivals. Using FOMO as the moderator, data analysis via partial least squares of structural equation modelling from 243 respondents provided nuanced findings on how community benefits, individual benefits, new opportunities and social costs impact intention to support through dimensions of the theory of planned behaviour. This study broadens theoretical understanding by exploring community engagement dynamics through smaller-scale festivals. At the same time, this study emphasises predictive and explanatory modelling, which bridges the gap between theory and practice, enriching our understanding of residents' perspectives and advocating for a more inclusive theoretical framework in the context of post-pandemic festival events
Burden of unintentional drowning in Indonesia: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Full text linkIntroduction: A high burden of unintentional fatal drowning has been reported in low- and middle-income countries. However, little is known about unintentional drowning in Indonesia.
Methods: This population-based retrospective cohort study analysed unintentional drowning data for Indonesia sourced from The Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Estimates of trends, mortality rates, incidence rates, years lived with disability (YLDs) and disability adjusted life years were generated.
Results: A decline in unintentional drowning mortality rates was observed, with an average annual mortality rate of 2.58/100 000. Males were 1.81 (95% CI 1.79 to 1.84) times more likely than females to unintentionally drown. Average annual mortality rates were highest among the under-5 age group (9.67/100 000) and 70 and over (5.71/100 000 for males; 5.14/100 000 for females). Distributions of drowning deaths vary depending on region, with mortality rates higher in Papua, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku, Sumatra and Nusa Tenggara regions.
Discussion: While a decline in drowning mortality rates in Indonesia was identified between 2005 and 2019, mortality rates for unintentional drowning remained high among children under 5 years, the elderly population and those residing in Papua, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku, Sumatra and Nusa Tenggara, warranting further focused attention.
Conclusion: A downward trend in the rate of unintentional drowning deaths in Indonesia is observed from 2005 onwards, with risk variation based on age, gender and region. The findings highlight the importance of addressing drowning as a cause of premature mortality and health system burden in Indonesia, including through enhancing drowning data collection systems and identifying drowning risk factors
Exploring Savico’s journey: dynamic capabilities and Industry 4.0 integration in organisation–industry actor relationships
No full textPurpose - The purpose of the study is to enhance the extant empirical and conceptual understanding of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) adoption and its repercussions for an organisation operating in an emerging economy, considering the dynamic capabilities framework. The study investigates (1) the potential impact of the I4.0 phenomenon on relationships between organisations and industry actors, (2) the existing effects of I4.0 on these relationships and (3) the necessary measures for organisations to unlock the full potential of I4.0 in order to enhance and reinforce these relationships.
Design/methodology/approach - A qualitative method was used. Semi-structured, open-ended face-to-face and online interviews were conducted with 18 directors, managers and chief executive officers (CEOs) of Savico, a leading Vietnamese car dealership.
Findings - The analysis revealed various dimensions highlighting impacts on organisation–industry actor relationships. For instance, the “enhancing internal/external operations” dimension highlights the significance of benefitting the company’s close stakeholders through a centralised management system or more advanced functions, while the empowering-nimble outcomes dimension underlines the benefits of I4.0 in enabling performance-based choices and staff empowerment.
Practical implications - Technological phenomena such as the I4.0 regime require constant adaptive strategies, including knowledge acquisition and talent development. Thus, the study has implications for industry stakeholders, including companies, educational institutions and government agencies.
Originality/value - The study’s key value lies in proposing a model that provides conceptual depth into organisation–industry actor relationships. Furthermore, both the analysis and the model can guide researchers in future attempts to examine dynamic capabilities among firms operating in emerging economies, with important practical and theoretical implications
Concordance in molecular methods for detection of antimicrobial resistance: A cross sectional study of the influent to a wastewater plant
Full text linkMethods that are used to characterise microbiomes and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in wastewater are not standardised. We used shotgun metagenomic sequencing (SM-Seq), RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and targeted qPCR to compare microbial and ARG diversity in the influent to a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Australia. ARGs were annotated with CARD-RGI and MEGARes databases, and bacterial diversity was characterised by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and SM-Seq, with species annotation in SILVA/GreenGenes databases or Kraken2 and the NCBI nucleotide database respectively. CARD and MEGARes identified evenly distributed ARG profiles but MEGARes detected a richer array of ARGs (richness = 475 vs 320). Qualitatively, ARGs encoding for aminoglycoside, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin and multidrug resistance were the most abundant in all examined databases. RNA-seq detected only 32 % of ARGs identified by SM-Seq, but there was concordance in the qualitative identification of aminoglycoside, macrolide-lincosamide, phenicol, sulfonamide and multidrug resistance by SM-Seq and RNA-seq. qPCR confirmed the detection of some ARGs, including OXA, VEB and EREB, that were identified by SM-Seq and RNA-seq in the influent. For bacteria, SM-Seq or 16S rRNA gene sequencing were equally effective in population profiling at phyla or class level. However, SM-Seq identified a significantly higher species richness (richness = 15,000 vs 3750). These results demonstrate that SM-Seq with gene annotation in CARD and MEGARes are equally sufficient for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in wastewater. For more precise ARG identification and quantification however, MEGARes presented a better resolution. The functionality of detected ARGs was not confirmed, but general agreement on the putative phenotypic resistance profile by antimicrobial class was observed between RNA-Seq and SM-Seq
Effects of dietary synbiotic supplementation on digestive enzyme, total Vibrio count, and hepatopancreas of Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Full text linkThis study evaluated the effects of dietary synbiotics on enhancing digestive enzymes, reducing the overall bacterial count of Vibrio, and minimizing hepatopancreatic histological damage caused by V. parahaemolyticus in shrimp (Penaeus vanamei). The experiments involved administering different treatments, namely Bacillus NP5 (SBM), Pseudoalteromonas piscicida1Ub (SPM), and Bacillus NP5 and P. piscicida 1Ub (SBPM), incombination with the prebiotic mannan oligosaccharide (MOS). This study was conducted for 60 days, followed by a challenge test with Vibrio parahaemolyticus for 7 days. The results of the experiments showed that dietary synbiotic supplementation demonstrated better digestive enzyme activity and histology of the hepatopancreas compared to controls (p < .05). After the challenge test, it was found that the damage to the hepatopancreatic tissue of shrimps was less severe and the total vibrio count was lower in the synbiotic treatment, indicating a protective effect compared to the positive controls (p < .05). In conclusion, the use of dietary synbiotics had the potential to enhance digestive enzyme function and provide disease protection for Penaeus vannamei shrimp
'For the good of the Gugu Badhun people': Indigenous Nation building, economic development and sharing as sovereignty
Full text linkAs part of an ongoing process of Indigenous Nation Building, Gugu Badhun Nation is engaged in developing an economy according to Gugu Badhun values. Rather than simply mimicking capitalism, the practice of visioning this economy begins with considering core cultural principles for the Nation. Sharing is central for Gugu Badhun, and we argue that sharing is considered an act of sovereignty stemming from Gugu Badhun law. Other factors emerge from the focus on sharing, such as the responsibility to look after one another, Country, plants and animals, and neighbouring Nations. This articulation of sharing as sovereignty illustrates Indigenous conceptions of sovereignty as a verb, rather than a noun. Storytelling is one way that Gugu Badhun enacts economic sovereignty through centring the Nation. Our research demonstrates the transformative potential of Indigenous Nation Building and Gugu Badhun people’s freedom to consider and express a preference for alternative economies
Sugarcane health monitoring with satellite spectroscopy and machine learning: A review
Full text linkResearch into large-scale crop monitoring has flourished due to increased accessibility to satellite imagery. This review delves into previously unexplored and under-explored areas in sugarcane health monitoring and disease/pest detection using satellite-based spectroscopy and Machine Learning (ML). It discusses key considerations in system development, including relevant satellites, vegetation indices, ML methods, factors influencing sugarcane reflectance, optimal growth conditions, common diseases, and traditional detection methods. Many studies highlight how factors like crop age, soil type, viewing angle, water content, recent weather patterns, and sugarcane variety can impact spectral reflectance, affecting the accuracy of health assessments via spectroscopy. However, these variables have not been fully considered in the literature. In addition, the current literature lacks comprehensive comparisons between ML techniques and vegetation indices. This review addresses these gaps and discusses that, while current findings suggest the potential for an ML-driven satellite spectroscopy system for monitoring sugarcane health, further research is essential. This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of previous research to aid in unlocking this potential and advancing the development of an effective sugarcane health monitoring system using satellite technology
Photochemical Acylation of 1,4-Naphthoquinone with Aldehydes Under Continuous-Flow Conditions
Full text linkA series of photoacylations of 1,4-naphthoquinone with various aldehydes and using Pyrex-filtered UVB light was conducted under continuous-flow conditions. Acetone served as a triplet photosensitizer and convenient solvent that kept all materials in solution and could be easily removed. The corresponding acylated 1,4-naphthohydroquinone photoproducts were obtained in acceptable to excellent yields of 30–90% with residence times of just 70 min. The photoacylation process was successfully coupled with in-line oxidation to obtain acylated 1,4-naphthoquinones
Scalable mangrove rehabilitation: Roots of success for Rhizophora stylosa establishment
Full text linkLarge-scale mangrove restoration initiatives have been attempted worldwide but have often suffered from low success rates and high costs. Direct seeding is increasingly used as a viable and cost-effective strategy for achieving restoration at scale for other coastal habitats yet has been little used for mangroves. Planting mangrove propagules instead of saplings can reduce costs and labour associated with the collection, growing out, and replanting involved in conventional restoration methods. In this study, we document research into direct seeding for mangrove restoration, focussing on early establishment processes and identifying recruitment enhancement strategies that will improve natural recruitment success rates. The elongated propagules produced by Rhizophoraceae species can establish by self-planting into the substrate, or after grounding flat as the tide recedes. An aquaria experiment showed that vertically sown (to simulate self-planting) Rhizophora stylosa propagules grew significantly longer and more roots than propagules sown horizontally. After 35 days the vertical propagules
grew roots 46.3 ± 20.5 mm in length while horizontal propagules grew roots 17.4 ± 16.6 mm in length. A field study showed that specially designed bamboo structures facilitate vertical self-planting, thus enhancing successful establishment. Propagules grounding in a vertical orientation successfully established 52.6 % of the time, whereas propagules grounding horizontally had a 10 % success rate. Results from this study suggest that grounding orientation, and the hypocotyl being embedded into the substrate, prompt root initiation and may lead to R. stylosa reaching an establishment threshold quicker than naturally stranding propagules. As such we propose that direct seed planting represents a viable alternative for large-scale restoration of Rhizophora