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Die Anfänge des Starsystems. Asta Nielsen in Deutschland und Österreich-Ungarn 1911-1914.
No full textReview of the monograph by Friederike Grimm, Die Anfänge des Starsystems. Asta Nielsen in Deutschland und Österreich-Ungarn 1911-1914 (Marburg: Schüren, 2025)
Paradigm Shifts in Understanding Consumers:From Fixed Assumptions to Contextual Realities
No full textShort-Term Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Following Postpartum Haemorrhage:A Cohort Study (The MACEPH Study)
No full textObjective: To assess risk markers for short-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) following postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). Design: A retrospective cohort study. Setting: Five study sites across the US, Canada, the Netherlands and Colombia. Population: Individuals with PPH in 2012–2017. Main Outcome Measures: MACE (including acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary oedema, cardiomyopathy, stroke, and cardiac death) observed during a hospitalisation for birth. Methods: We compared characteristics and therapeutic interventions (as indicators of severe bleeding) among participants with and without MACE. We conducted an exploratory analysis using multivariable logistic regression to identify risk markers for MACE. Results: Two thousand and sixty-nine participants had PPH (US: n = 1055, Canada: n = 613, the Netherlands: n = 302, Colombia: n = 99), of whom 40 (1.93%, 95% CI [1.38, 2.62]) experienced MACE. Pulmonary oedema was the most common type of event (n = 37, 1.79%, 95% CI [1.26–2.46]). Participants with MACE had more preeclampsia (30% vs. 9.91%) and heart disease (7.50% vs. 1.38%) than those without (p < 0.05). MACE occurred more frequently in the context of infections (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 6.81, 95% CI [3.24–14.33]), aspirin use (aOR 4.49, 95% CI [1.07–18.85]), and markers of severe bleeding, such as the need for prostaglandin F2 alpha analogues (aOR 3.16, 95% CI [1.41–7.07]) and blood products (aOR 3.08, 95% CI [1.41–6.71]). A higher antenatal haemoglobin was associated with less MACE (aOR 0.96, 95% CI [0.94–0.98]). Conclusion: About 2 in 100 persons with PPH developed MACE, mostly pulmonary oedema. Risk markers identified individuals with PPH who may require increased monitoring. Whether treating anaemia can prevent cardiovascular morbidity following PPH must be evaluated.</p
Making as Thinking: The Furniture of Site Practice:Javier Gimeno-Martínez in Conversation with Anne Geenen, Architect and Cofounder of Site Practice and Built Editions, Amsterdam/Mumbai
No full textThriving across seawater depths:How blue light shapes a large PSI supercomplex and specific photosynthetic traits in the seagrass Posidonia oceanica
No full textSeagrasses are marine flowering plants that perform oxygenic photosynthesis both under high, white sunlight and under low, blue-green light, conditions fundamentally different from those experienced by land plants. Thus far, the adaptation of seagrass photosynthetic machinery to this underwater light gradient remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica , an ecosystem engineer thriving from the surface down to 40 m depth, to uncover how it maintains efficient photosynthesis across this gradient. Combining spectroscopy with pigment and blue native–PAGE analysis, we show that P. oceanica maintains a high but stable photosystem I (PSI)/PSII ratio and constant antenna size at all depths, in conjunction with a high abundance of light-harvesting complex II (LHCII). Electron microscopy observation indicated that adjustment of photosynthetic efficiency along the depth gradient is primarily achieved through structural remodeling of thylakoid architecture, rather than major changes in photosystem composition. We also identify a previously undescribed large PSI supercomplex (L-PSI–LHCII) that binds an additional Lhca1–Lhca4 dimer and a phosphorylated LHCII trimer. This complex, expressed at all tested depths, is enriched in chlorophyll b , lacks the far-red–absorbing chlorophylls (red forms) typical of land plants, and exhibits distinct energy-transfer dynamics optimized for blue-light harvesting. The presence of similar PSI supercomplex in other marine seagrasses, such as Zostera marina , suggests a conserved strategy among deep-growing species. Collectively, these results reveal how seagrasses combine structural adaptation at the level of PSI with thylakoid architecture reorganization to sustain efficient photosynthesis and long-term carbon fixation under blue-dominated marine light.</p
Optimizing gas entry–exit capacity utilization under uncertainty
No full textNatural gas is vital to Europe’s energy system, with Norway supplying 30% of European gas demand. Effective management of entry–exit capacity in the Norwegian network can enhance market efficiency and energy security, but is far from trivial due to uncertain demand and prices. This study develops a stochastic programming model to determine optimal capacity allocation under uncertainty, with a focus on scalability. Concerned about network stability, operators tend to be risk averse in deviating from their initial decisions when allocating bookable capacities. We use our model in a case study on Norway’s gas pipeline network and find that moderating risk aversion can yield considerable system welfare gains. Additionally, we give insights into the system bottlenecks for policymakers and industry stakeholders and show the value of flexibility in this context. Finally, we provide a comprehensive dataset to advance future research.</p
Onszelf in eetbare termen begrijpen in het Afvalceen
No full textConsidering that disposability is the defining feature of the age we live in, it can be characterized best as the Wasteocene (Armiero). Where the Anthropocene is read in geological strata, the Wasteocene must be read in bodies, some of which have become a dump (of plastics, PFAS, pesticides, et cetera) more than others. How to move away from the waste-making relationships that characterize the Wasteocene, that are slowly but steadily turning to world into a non-life giving dump and instead move to place-making relationships? This requires we once again conceive of ourselves in edible terms (Plumwood) and ask how we can learn to eat and give to eat well, which starts already in the womb. Following Jacques Derrida’s ethical command “il faut bien manger” (one must eat well/one must eat the good/it is good to eat), I figure this eating and giving to eat from the perspective of “eating one’s mother” or matrotrophy (Simms) and argue this requires we give to eat generously, with generativity and generations in mind. What do we give to eat to future generations and does that digest well
Revealing the Risk of Hyper-Parameter Leakage in Deep Reinforcement Learning Models
No full textDeep reinforcement learning (DRL) has been implemented in various critical applications, including smart grids, traffic management systems, and autonomous vehicles. To safeguard intellectual property and mitigate security vulnerabilities, access to DRL models is typically restricted to a closed-box format. This means that specific details, such as the structure of the policy network and optimization processes, are not openly available to users. It is crucial to determine if hyper-parameters can be inferred from observable states and actions within these models, presenting two primary challenges: 1) limited data available from the closed-box model and 2) intertwined effects of hyper-parameters on the model behavior. Since DRL models exhibit varying behaviors in identical tasks depending on their hyper-parameter configurations, we introduce a novel hyper-parameter inference attack against DRL, named HyperInfer, which allows adversaries to deduce the settings of a closed-box DRL model. In order to fully assess the risk of model hyper-parameter leakage, we design two novel state generation methods that provoke divergent responses from DRL models. We also develop an inference framework to elucidate the relationship between model behavior and hyper-parameter settings. Through comprehensive experiments involving multiple DRL models and environments, we demonstrate that model behaviors can indeed reveal hyper-parameter settings, with inference accuracy surpassing 90% in scenarios such as PPO with CartPole. We also discuss key findings relevant to practical applications and explore how knowledge of hyper-parameters can facilitate more sophisticated attacks. Lastly, we propose potential defensive strategies to minimize the risk of hyper-parameter leakage in DRL models.</p
Multifactorial approach training for anterior shoulder instability after a Latarjet procedure:protocol for a randomised controlled trial
No full textIntroduction The Latarjet procedure is the mainstay treatment in high-demand patients with substantial glenoid bone loss or after failed capsulolabral repairs. Patients typically return to sport (RTS) within 6 months postoperatively, requiring intensive rehabilitation. Current rehabilitation protocols focus on mobility, strength and stability. Yet, psychological factors, such as fear of reinjury, are the main reason not to RTS. Therefore, this study aims to determine whether integrating psychological interventions into postoperative rehabilitation improves patient-reported shoulder function compared with physical therapy alone. Methods and analysis This monocentric randomised controlled trial will enrol 52 patients undergoing a Latarjet procedure for anterior shoulder instability. Participants will be equally and randomly assigned to either postoperative physical therapy combined with cognitive behavioural therapy or physical therapy alone. Eligibility criteria include patients aged 18–67 years undergoing an open or arthroscopic Latarjet procedure at our institution. Exclusion criteria include posterior or multidirectional instability, rotator cuff tear, prior shoulder surgery, anxiety disorder, using anxiolytics, neurological disorder, systemic disease, previous hospitalisation for shoulder pain and proximal humerus fractures. The primary outcome is the Western Ontario Shoulder Index at 6 months postoperatively. Secondary outcomes include incidence of recurrent dislocations, RTS and return-to-work rates, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia for Shoulder Instability, subjective shoulder value and visual analogue score for pain at 6 months postoperatively as well as the Shoulder Instability Return to Sport after Injury scale at 4.5 months postoperatively. Ethics and dissemination This study was approved by the French Committee of Person Protection West I. The national registration number is 2023-A02057-38. The study has been registered at Clinicaltrials.gov with trial registration number NCT06154889. Patients are not financially compensated for participation and are allowed to withdraw from the study at any time without any preconditions. The final results of the study will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and an abstract of the study will be submitted to international scientific meetings by the end of 2026. Data will be made available by the corresponding author on reasonable request. Registration details The study has been registered at Clinicaltrials.gov with trial registration number NCT06154889. The trial sponsor is Vivalto Santé.</p
Invited perspectives:Redefining disaster risk-the convergence of natural hazards and health crises
No full textRecently, the disaster risk field has made substantial steps forward to develop increasingly comprehensive risk assessments, accounting for the incidence of multiple hazards, trickle-down effects of cascading disasters and/or impacts, and spatiotemporal dynamics. While the COVID-19 outbreak increased general awareness of the challenges that arise when disasters from natural hazards and diseases collide, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of the role of disease outbreaks in disaster risk assessments and management, and that of health impacts of disasters. In specific, the occurrence probabilities and the impacts of disease outbreaks following natural hazards are not well-understood and are commonly excluded from multi-hazard risk assessments and management. Therefore, in this perspective paper, we develop a research agenda that focusses on (1) learning lessons from interdisciplinary communities such as compound risks and the socio-hydrology community for modelling the occurrence probabilities and temporal element (lag times) of disasters and health/disease-outbreaks, (2) the inclusion of health-related risk metrics within conventional risk assessment frameworks, (3) improving data availability and modelling approaches to quantify the role of stressors and interventions on health impacts of disasters. Collectively, this agenda is intended to advance our understanding of disaster risk considering potential health crises. The developed research agenda is not only crucial for scientists aiming to improve risk modelling capabilities, but also for decision makers and practitioners to anticipate and respond to the increasing complexity of disaster risk.</p