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LO SFRUTTAMENTO DEL LAVORO IN AGRICOLTURA E LE INFILTRAZIONI DELLA CRIMINALITÀ ORGANIZZATA DI TIPO MAFIOSO. UN¿ANALISI SUL TERRITORIO LOMBARDO.
No full textLa presente ricerca indaga lo sfruttamento del lavoro e le infiltrazioni della criminalità organizzata di tipo mafioso nel settore agricolo in Lombardia. Attraverso un approccio multidisciplinare che integra prospettive sociologiche, socioeconomiche e giuridiche, la ricerca utilizza principalmente metodi qualitativi, supportati da dati quantitativi. Viene analizzato il funzionamento del mercato del lavoro e le forme di sfruttamento della manodopera, nonché il ruolo della criminalità organizzata ordinaria e di tipo mafioso all’interno della filiera agroalimentare e del mercato del lavoro agricolo. Lo studio evidenzia le conseguenze dello sfruttamento lavorativo sulla collettività e sulle dinamiche di mercato, proponendo riflessioni su strumenti di prevenzione, contrasto e responsabilità sociale. I risultati offrono basi per interventi mirati alla tutela dei diritti dei lavoratori e alla promozione di un sistema economico più etico e sostenibile.This research investigates labour exploitation and the infiltration of organised crime of a mafia type in the agricultural sector in Lombardy. Through a multidisciplinary approach that integrates sociological, socio-economic and legal perspectives, the research mainly uses qualitative methods, supported by quantitative data. It analyses the organisation of the labour market and the forms of labour exploitation, as well as the role of ordinary and mafia-type organised crime within the agri-food supply chain and the agricultural labour market. The study highlights the consequences of labour exploitation on the community and market dynamics, offering reflections on prevention, enforcement and social responsibility tools. The results provide a framework for measures aimed at protecting workers' rights and promoting a more ethical and sustainable economic system
Issue immigrazione: opinione pubblica italiana e europea, cittadinanza e elezioni regionali italiane
No full textIl capitolo prende in considerazione tre aspetti. Il primo prosegue nel solco dell’or
mai lunga serie storica delle analisi dei dati Eurobarometro sull’importanza data
dai cittadini europei alla issue immigrazione. Anche per il 2025, confrontando
i dati dell’Eurobarometro (sui cittadini UE) del 2024, abbiamo cercato di capire
quanto il tema immigrazione sia percepito dagli italiani (con un confronto con la
percezione negli altri Stai membri dell’Unione europea) dal punto di vista della
salienza individuale e collettiva.
Il secondo riguarda il Referendum che si è tenuto l’8 e il 9 giugno avente come
oggetto la richiesta ai cittadini italiani di rivedere le norme sulla naturalizzazione
degli extracomunitari.
Il terzo aspetto, infine, analizza i programmi elettorali dei principali partiti e
coalizioni che si sono presentati, nel corso del 2025, alle elezioni in sei regioni
(Calabria, Campania, Marche, Puglia, Toscana e Veneto) per il rinnovo della giun
ta e del consiglio regionale
¿CHIOS MASTIC GUM FROM PISTACIA LENTISCUS AS A MODULATOR OF INFLAMMATION AND INTESTINAL BARRIER FUNCTION: AN IN VITRO AND CLINICAL INVESTIGATION.¿
No full textInflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is an immune-mediated disorder characterized by dysregulated inflammation and impaired intestinal barrier function. Although effective, current therapies present limitations, highlighting the need for complementary approaches. Chios Mastic Gum (CMG), a resin from Pistacia lentiscus, has shown anti-inflammatory and barrier-protective properties in preclinical models. During this PhD project, an integrated clinical and mechanistic study was conducted to evaluate CMG (trade name Selpic) in patients with IBD.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involved 31 adults diagnosed with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease who were in clinical remission yet exhibited subclinical inflammation. Standardized questionnaires and faecal biomarkers (calprotectin, zonulin), were utilized to assess clinical outcomes. Concurrently, in vitro experiments compared Selpic with its isolated Supermastic® triterpene fraction in Caco-2 cells and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 macrophages. Clinically, no significant differences were observed in the questionnaires and calprotectin levels, although a downward trend was noted for the latter (p=0.062). Faecal zonulin levels showed a significant decrease over time (p=0.017), with within-group analysis indicating a significant reduction in the Selpic group (p=0.036). No intergroup treatment effect was identified (p=0.107). In vitro, Selpic was found to suppress pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, diminish reactive oxygen species, encourage anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization, and enhance the expression of ZO-1 tight junction protein. Still, it modulated the endocannabinoid system by reducing N-acylethanolamines SEA and PEA. Analysis of gut microbiota indicated no alterations in α-diversity, but a temporal shift in β-diversity was observed within the Selpic group.
In conclusion, faecal zonulin levels decreased over time, with a significant reduction in the Selpic group, though no intergroup treatment effect was confirmed. These results, combined with in vitro immunomodulatory and barrier-restorative effects, support Selpic potential as an adjuvant nutraceutical in IBD management. Larger multicentre trials are warranted to validate its clinical utility
Jurisdiction of EU Courts in Environmental Damage Claims against non-EU domiciled defendants
No full textWhat makes patients engaged: a metanarrative review and multilevel perspectiveon patient engagement
No full textPatient engagement is increasingly recognized as a crucial aspect for healthcare quality, safety, and outcomes. While literature highlights its multidimensional nature, encompassing individual behaviors, relational dynamics, organizational practices, and social influences, there remains limited integration of these perspectives. This complexity makes it difficult to understand how to define and promote patient engagement, as its antecedents and mechanisms are not fully understood.
The aim of the present study is to provide a comprehensive framework that clarifies the antecedents of patient engagement and guides its implementation across the healthcare system to benefit patients and providers alike. Drawing on the meta-narrative review approach, four databases (SCOPUS, Web of Science, PubMed, and PsycINFO) were used to collect and synthesize multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the topic of patient engagement. Fifty-one items were included in the review. Data extracted were inductively categorized by levels, factors, and elements associated with patient engagement.
Findings highlight the multilevel nature of patient engagement, characterized by individual, task, relational, organizational, and social levels. The emerged integrative model maps interconnected factors and highlights patient engagement's complexity and dynamic nature. The model offers a theoretical framework to diagnose and promote engagement, empowering patients, and enhancing the quality of the healthcare service
Meritocracy meets cooperative behavior in redistribution decisions
No full textThe paper studies redistributive choices and tests the trade-off between a meritocratic ideal and the willingness to reward cooperation. We design an online experiment that collects information on real redistribution in favor of subjects that differ in relative performance and cooperative levels. Cooperative behavior plays a major role in making people “deserve” redistribution; furthermore, redistribution to reward cooperation is influenced by the subjects’ income. To quantify the weight of cooperative behavior in redistribution, we present a model and structurally estimate its parameters. We find that a percentage between 37% and 56% of total redistribution is driven by cooperation-related concerns
Bioelectronics for basic plant science and precision agriculture
No full textThe rapid growth of the global population and intensified climate challenges make the need for sustainable and efficient food production more urgent than ever. Agriculture is both an important contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and impacted by environmental degradation. Emerging bioelectronic technologies enable real-time monitoring and precise modulation of plant physiology and environmental conditions and have the potential to transform sustainable agriculture. In this Review, we explore the applications of bioelectronics in basic plant science and precision agriculture. In basic research, these technologies can complement or overcome limitations of traditional tools, accelerating efforts to engineer plants that are resistant to environmental stress and have enhanced productivity. In agriculture, bioelectronics offer potential for optimized resource use, enhanced crop yield and early disease detection. While highlighting the interdisciplinary challenges of integrating bioelectronics, from materials and device design through to field deployment and environmental impact, we aim to inform and inspire plant scientists, engineers and agricultural stakeholders
STRONG GRAVITATIONAL LENSING MODELLING OF GALAXY CLUSTERS IN THE ERA OF BIG DATA
No full textCurrent observational facilities and surveys are revolutionizing the field of strong lensing (SL) by galaxy clusters. Remarkably, the Euclid Survey will cover approximately 15,000 square degrees of the sky, detecting SL features in thousands of massive clusters. Complementarily, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is providing extremely deep and high-resolution observations, revealing a number of multiple images and substructures greater than previously unknown, and thus enabling lens models of unprecedented accuracy. The synergy between these observatories will drastically improve the number of currently known SL systems and significantly enhance the quality of SL studies. In order to deal with large sets of galaxy clusters and/or characterized by a huge number of observables, a modeling code capable of reconciling speed and accuracy is mandatory. The SL parametric modeling code Gravity.jl addresses this challenge directly, having been specifically developed for cluster-scale lensing analyses. Its high-performance architecture makes it ideally suited for processing the large and complex datasets from these and next-generation observatories.
In this Thesis, we present the SL Gravity.jl-based study of the galaxy cluster Abell 2390 combining, for the first time, Euclid ERO imaging and archival MUSE spectroscopy. Gravity.jl's computational efficiency enabled comparison of over 10 distinct total mass parameterizations within approximately just two hours per model. We then further explore what future SL studies of galaxy clusters based on Euclid imaging will look like by investigating how the expected limited number of identifiable multiple images affects the measurements of the lens parameters and of other quantities of interest, such as the cluster total mass. Finally, we push the limits of SL analyses by presenting the study of the galaxy cluster MACS J0416, an interesting complex system for which recent JWST observations have helped in the identification of nearly 500 spectroscopically-confirmed multiple images – the highest number ever recorded for a galaxy cluster. We will present the preliminary results of the first fully multi-plane lensing studies of this system carried on with Gravity.jl
Astrometric view of companions in the inner dust cavities of protoplanetary discs
No full textContext. Protoplanetary discs with inner dust cavities (often referred to as ‘transition discs’) are potential signposts of planet formation. However, few companions have been identified within these cavities, and the role of companions in shaping them remains unclear.
Aims. We used Gaia astrometry to search for planetary and stellar companions in a sample of 98 transition discs, assessing the occurrence rate of such companions and their potential influence on cavity formation.
Methods. For the 98 young stellar objects (YSOs) with inner dust cavities, we computed Gaia proper motion anomalies, which together with the renormalised unit weight error (RUWE), identify companions with mass ratios q ≳0.01 at ∼0.1−30 au. We assessed the impact of disc gravity, accretion, disc-scattered light, dippers, starspots, jets, and outflows on the measured proper motion anomalies, concluding that these effects are unlikely to affect our analyses and that astrometric techniques such as the one of this work can be robustly applied to YSOs.
Results. Significant proper motion anomalies are found in 31 transition discs (32% of the sample), indicative of companions. We recovered 85% of the known companions within our sensitivity range. Assuming that the astrometry of each system is dominated by a single companion, we modelled the semi-major axis and mass required to reproduce the observed astrometric signals. Most inferred companions have M>30 MJ, placing many within or near the stellar mass regime. Seven sources host companions compatible with a planetary mass (M<13 MJ, HD 100453, J04343128+1722201, J16102955-3922144, MHO6, MP Mus, PDS 70, and Sz 76). For the non-detections, we provide the companion masses and semi-major axes that can be excluded in future searches. About half (53%) of detected companions cannot be reconciled with having carved the observed dust cavities.
Conclusions. We have gathered evidence of the presence of companions in a large sample of transition discs. However, we find that the population of transition discs cannot be fully described as a circumbinary population. Transition discs host as many companions within our sensitivity range as do randomly sampled groups of YSOs and main-sequence stars. If dust cavities are shaped by companions, such companions must reside at larger orbital separations than those of the companions detected here, and we predict them to be of planetary mass
Studio teorico ed empirico dei decreti presidenziali cautelari audita altera parte
No full textIl contributo esamina in chiave teorica ed empirica i decreti cautelari presiden- ziali emessi audita altera parte ai sensi dell’art. 56 c.p.a., con particolare attenzione al rapporto tra la tutela cautelare e il principio del contraddittorio. In particolare, attraverso una ricerca sistematica sulla banca dati della giustizia amministrativa, sono stati raccolti e analizzati oltre 1000 decreti emanati tra il 2010 e il 2024, studiandone le modalità con cui sono state convocate le parti, il rapporto tra gli esiti delle decisioni monocratiche e delle successive decisioni collegiali, le rinunce all’istanza da parte dei ricorrenti e il legame sussistente tra l’istituto ex art. 56 c.p.a. e quello dell’abbreviazione dei termini ai sensi dell’art. 53 c.p.a.This paper examines, from a theoretical and empirical perspective, the presiden- tial precautionary decrees issued audita altera parte ex art. 56 c.p.a., with particular attention to the relationship between precautionary protection and the adversa- rial principle. In particular, through systematic research on the administrative justice database, over 1,000 decrees issued between 2010 and 2024 were collec- ted and analyzed, studying the manner in which the parties were summoned, the relationship between the outcomes of monocratic decisions and subsequent col- legial decisions, the withdrawal of applications by appellants, and the link between the art. 56 c.p.a. and that of the the shortening of procedural deadlines under under art. 53 c.p.a