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DIRITTI SOCIALI IN TRANSIZIONE. LA SFIDA DELL¿EFFETTIVITÀ NELL¿ORDINAMENTO COSTITUZIONALE MULTILIVELLO.
No full textIl presente lavoro di tesi si propone di analizzare la dimensione sociale nella prospettiva del diritto costituzionale, individuando tre principali ambiti d’indagine: il primo, relativo all’incidenza di tale elemento sulla configurazione della forma di Stato; il secondo, concernente l’inquadramento dogmatico dei diritti sociali; il terzo, incentrato sulla stretta correlazione di questi ultimi con il principio democratico e sulle modalità di garanzia della loro effettività all’interno dell’ordinamento multilivello.
I diritti sociali vengono esaminati nel contesto dell’inveramento di quella libertà reale implicita nel progetto costituzionale di emancipazione e di pieno sviluppo della persona umana e, in particolare, dell’homme situé, che trova compimento – in concorso con i diritti civili e politici – nel perseguimento dell’obiettivo di eguaglianza sostanziale sancito dalla Costituzione repubblicana.
Muovendo dall’intreccio teorico fra libertà, eguaglianza e solidarietà, la ricerca approfondisce i diritti sociali nella loro declinazione di pratiche concrete, radicate nelle condizioni storiche, sociali ed economiche in cui si materializza il loro esercizio. Particolare attenzione è dedicata, infatti, al tema sfidante dell’effettività di tali diritti, osservata nel quadro di un sistema multilivello in cui la tutela dei diritti sociali si intreccia con le politiche europee e regionali, le trasformazioni del welfare, i vincoli e i limiti della sostenibilità economica e finanziaria.
L’analisi si concentra, infine, sulla funzione costituzionale dei livelli essenziali delle prestazioni ex art. 117, co. 2, lett. m), Cost., intesi quale strumento di garanzia uniforme dei diritti sociali in un sistema articolato e interconnesso, in cui Stato, Unione europea e Regioni concorrono alla medesima finalità di tutela della dignità e dell’eguaglianza delle persone e, per tale via, al rafforzamento dell’intero assetto democratico.This doctoral dissertation aims to examine the social dimension from the perspective of constitutional law, identifying three main areas of inquiry. The first concerns the impact of this dimension on the configuration of the form of State; the second addresses the dogmatic construction of social rights; the third focuses on their close interrelation with the democratic principle and on the mechanisms ensuring their effective protection within the multilevel constitutional order.
Social rights are framed within the broader context of the realization of that real freedom implicit in the constitutional design of human emancipation and full personal development – and, in particular, of the homme situé – which finds fulfilment, in conjunction with civil and political rights, through the pursuit of the objective of substantive equality enshrined in the Republican Constitution.
Starting from the theoretical interconnection among liberty, equality, and solidarity, the research investigates social rights in their manifestation as concrete practices, rooted in the historical, social, and economic conditions in which their exercise takes shape. Special attention is devoted to the complex issue of the effectiveness of such rights, examined within the framework of a multilevel system where the protection of social rights interacts with European and regional policies, the transformation of the welfare systems, and the constraints and limits imposed by economic and financial sustainability.
Finally, the analysis focuses on the constitutional function of the Essential Levels of Services (Livelli Essenziali delle Prestazioni), as provided for in Article 117(2)(m) of the Italian Constitution. These are conceived as instruments ensuring a uniform guarantee of social rights within an articulated and interconnected system, in which the State, the European Union, and the Regions jointly pursue the common aim of safeguarding human dignity and equality, thereby reinforcing the overall coherence, integrity, and vitality of the democratic order
Sex Differences in Cancer-Associated Thrombosis
No full textCancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in oncology, arising from complex interactions between tumor biology, host factors, and anticancer therapies. Growing evidence indicates that biological sex and gender-related factors modulate both thrombotic risk and clinical expression of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with cancer. In this narrative review, we summarize current epidemiological, biological, and clinical data on sex- and gender-related differences in CAT across solid and hematologic malignancies. Men generally exhibit a higher overall incidence of VTE, whereas women may experience earlier, treatment-associated thrombotic events, with variability according to cancer type, stage, and therapy. Biological factors linked to coagulation and inflammation differ between sexes and may contribute to these patterns, although mechanistic evidence remains incomplete. Sex-related disparities also emerge in treatment-associated complications, including bleeding risk and abnormal uterine bleeding in anticoagulated women of reproductive age. In contrast, evidence for sex differences in oncohematology-associated thrombosis is limited and inconsistent. Gender-related inequalities in clinical trial participation further constrain the interpretation of available data. Overall, current evidence supports sex as a clinically relevant modifier of CAT risk, underscoring the need for systematic sex- and gender-informed research, to improve mechanistic understanding, and sex-stratified reporting to advance precision medicine in thrombosis and oncology
La rappresentazione del potere femminile nelle utopie di Margaret Cavendish
No full textThis essay explores the complex representation of female power in Margaret
Cavendish’s utopias. The section after the introduction focuses on The Blazing World,
in which Cavendish reimagines the Renaissance tradition of utopia as a literary genre
by envisioning a perfect society ruled by a woman. The next section examines three
of her closet dramas, Bell in Campo, The Female Academy, and The Convent of Pleasure,
which have been interpreted as utopian texts for their forward-looking narratives
that open new discursive spaces for female agency and freedom. The conclusion shows
that reading these plays in relation to The Blazing World deepens our understanding of
Cavendish’s engagement with gender difference and patriarchal power structures. Her
vision of female power is compelling and thought-provoking because, in her utopias,
she attempts to transcend the constraints of reality while acknowledging their presence
The impact of Advanced Footwear Technology on physical, physiological, biomechanical, and perception outcomes: a systematic review
No full textINTRODUCTION: The development of Advanced Footwear Technology (AFT) has introduced significant changes in the realm of athletic footwear, promising enhancements in running economy and reductions in energy cost compared to traditional shoes. This systematic review aims to analyze and synthesize the existing literature on AFT, focusing on its physical, physiological, biomechanical, and perceptual impacts on athletic performance. It seeks to identify key findings, variability, and implications for athletes by comparing AFT to traditional footwear. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Following the PRISMA 2015 guidelines for systematic reviews, a comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were analyzed based on predefined inclusion criteria to find relevant studies. The methodological quality of the selected studies was also assessed. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Nine studies (N.=138 participants) were included, with an average methodological quality score of 6.22 (range: 5 to 8) on a 10-point scale. AFT was found to improve biomechanical aspects, which were associated with enhanced running efficiency, and reduce metabolic energy expenditure. However, improve biomechanical aspects, which were associated with enhanced running efficiency. CONCLUSIONS: AFT offers significant performance and biomechanical benefits, but its physiological effects vary, and potential injury risks such as altered lower-limb stiffness and increased joint load require careful management. Personalized approaches to footwear technology are crucial to maximizing AFT’s benefits
I rapporti fra comunione ordinaria e comunione legale nella famiglia
No full textL’articolo, dopo aver tratteggiato la nozione e la natura giuridica della comunione ordinaria, analizza le diverse tipologie di comunione, soffermandosi in particolare sull’istituto della comunione legale dei beni quale regime patrimoniale della famiglia e sui suoi possibili rapporti o interferenze con la comunione ordinaria, anche alla luce della
recente giurisprudenza formatasi in materia
PepScorer::RMSD: an improved machine learning scoring function for protein–peptide docking
No full textOver the past two decades, pharmaceutical peptides have emerged as a powerful alternative to traditional small molecules, offering high potency, specificity, and low toxicity. However, most computational drug discovery tools remain optimized for small molecules and need to be entirely adapted to peptide-based compounds. Molecular docking algorithms, commonly employed to rank drug candidates in early-stage drug discovery, often fail to accurately predict peptide binding poses due to their high conformational flexibility and scoring functions not being tailored to peptides. To address these limitations, we present PepScorer::RMSD, a novel machine learning-based scoring function specifically designed for pose selection and enhancement of docking power (DP) in virtual screening campaigns targeting peptide libraries. The model predicts the root-mean-squared deviation (RMSD) of a peptide pose relative to its native conformation using a curated dataset of protein–peptide complexes (3–10 amino acids). PepScorer::RMSD outperformed conventional, ML-based, and peptide-specific scoring functions, achieving a Pearson correlation of 0.70, a mean absolute error of 1.77 Å, and top-1 DP values of 92% on the evaluation set and 81% on an external test set. Our PLANTS-based workflow was benchmarked against AlphaFold-Multimer predictions, confirming its robustness for virtual screening. PepScorer::RMSD and the curated dataset are freely available in Zenod
Teaching Beowulf through Cultural Studies: Heroism and Adaptation across Historical Conjunctures
No full textThis article examines Beowulf through the lens of Cultural Studies, arguing that the figure of the hero offers a productive entry point for exploring how texts articulate relationships between language, culture, and power across different historical conjunctures. Beginning with the Old English poem, the analysis reconstructs the heroic ideal and the value systems encoded in the epic, focusing on its negotiation of wyrd and Christian providence, its emphasis on communal bonds and the politics of the hall, and its depiction of monstrosity at the margins of human society. The discussion then traces how this heroic pattern is reworked in later appropriations, from Victorian efforts to establish Beowulf as a national epic to Reagan-era science-fiction rewrites to early twenty-first-century film adaptations such as Sturla Gunnarsson’s Beowulf and Grendel (2005) and Robert Zemeckis’s Beowulf (2007), which variously humanise Grendel, question martial heroism, and stage the decline of the protagonist. On this theoretical basis, the article presents a teaching-learning unit for Italian upper secondary schools that combines socio-constructivist approaches with the conceptual tools of Cultural Studies. The unit invites students to read Beowulf and its adaptations as culturally situated representations of heroism, community, and otherness instead of as isolated ‘heritage’ texts. Conceived as an example rather than a prescriptive template, it offers a methodological model that teacher candidates in Concorsi and Percorsi abilitanti can adapt in designing their own units and illustrates how Beowulf supports the development of literary, cultural, and digital competences in contemporary classrooms
Occhio (Inferno 9) : Cento parole per cento canti
No full textLettura del canto 9 dell'Inferno nell'ambito del percorso Cento parole per cento canti
Nursing Students’ Perspectives on Support Interventions to Prevent Academic Failure: A Qualitative Study
No full textBackground: Academic failure (AF) is an major burden in nursing education. AF is associated with emotional distress, reduced motivation and high dropout rates, particularly in the early years of training. Although the various support strategies mitigate AF, such as tutoring, peer tutoring and psychological support, their implementation often lacks alignment with students’ real needs and preferences. Exploring students’ perspectives on these interventions may provide valuable insights to counteract AF and enhance educational success. Aim: The present study aims to explore the opinions of Nursing Degree Programme (CLI) students regarding the support strategies described in the literature to counteract AF. Methods: This qualitative study adopted a phenomenological approach and involved semistructured interviews with 20 second- and third-year nursing students from the Lodi section of the CLI at the University of Milan. The interviews focused on five academic support strategies detected from the literature. Following Braun and Clarke’s framework, thematic analysis was applied to identify recurring patterns and key insights. Results: Four main themes emerged: (a) The perceived value of personalised and continuous tutoring; (b) the importance of informal yet structured peer relationships; (c) the need for accessible and normalised psychological support; and (d) the relevance of performance-enhancing strategies that are flexible, empathetic and nonjudgemental. Students emphasised the relational component of each intervention and expressed a clear preference for integrated, student-centred approaches. Conclusions: Understanding students’ perceptions is essential to designing support interventions that are theoretically sound, contextually feasible and emotionally accepted. Findings suggest that fostering trusting relationships, reducing stigma and tailoring strategies to individual needs may enhance self-efficacy, satisfaction and persistence, ultimately reducing AF. These insights should inform the development of evidence-based educational policies in nursing programmes