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A Case of Clitic Personal Pronoun Borrowing in Abruzzian Romani. Premises, Processes and Outcomes of a Rare Contact-Induced Innovation
No full textAmong the many Romani varieties spoken in Italy for centuries, Southern Italy Romani probably shows the highest degree of Romancisation, to be understood as a convergence toward Romance
lexicon and structural patterns. The article takes into account Abruzzian Romani – the best described and most vital variety of Southern Italy Romani – and focuses on a cross-linguistically
rather uncommon phenomenon: the borrowing of a clitic personal pronoun. Namely, Abruzzian Romani 1pl non-nominative clitic =ʧǝ cannot be traced back to an Indo-Aryan etymology, but must be considered a borrowing from Abruzzese. The article maintains that such an uncommon sort of borrowing must arise from special predisposing conditions and attempts to reconstruct them, concluding that only a cluster of cooperating factors, including common Indo-European origin of Romani and Abruzzese, independent sound changes and deep and centuries-long bilingualism of Abruzzian Roma, made this rare outcome of language contact possible
Left atrial enlargement and 1-year cerebrovascular events in subjects without atrial fibrillation: A prospective cohort study
No full textObjectives
Left atrial enlargement (LAE) is a cardiac structural abnormality linked to adverse cardiovascular events, including stroke. However, its independent prognostic role in patients without atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unclear.
Design
prospective cohort study.
Setting
three teaching hospitals in Milan, Italy.
Participants
consecutive adults undergoing transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) between 2012 and 2023. Patients with a history of AF or receiving anticoagulant therapy (for any indication) were excluded.
Interventions
participants underwent TTE in the context of standard clinical practice.
Main outcome measures
LAE was categorized by left atrial volume index (LAVi) as absent (≤34 mL/m2), mild (>34 and ≤41 mL/m2), moderate (>41 and ≤48 mL/m2), or severe (>48 mL/m2). The primary outcome was a composite of cerebrovascular events (CVEs), including ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), within 1 year of the index echocardiogram. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the independent association of LAE with 1-year CVEs.
Results
We included 53,109 subjects with a median age of 66 years (48 % female). CVEs occurred in 1318 subjects (2.5 %). In the multivariate analysis, all categories of LAE were associated with 1-year CVEs compared with no LAE (mild: OR 1.21, 95 % CI 1.03 to 1.43; moderate: OR 1.48, 95 % CI 1.20 to 1.83; severe: OR 1.85, 95 % CI 1.54 to 2.22). This association was independent of other relevant predictors.
Conclusions
LAE defined by LAVi is associated with 1-year CVEs in subjects without known AF and ongoing anticoagulation, suggesting that LAVi can serve as a marker to refine CVE risk stratification
Invidia e competizione tra poleis nella Bitinia di fine I secolo d.C.: Dione di Prusa e la documentazione numismatica
No full textRational and design of EACVI-MMVD study: an international registry on multimodality imaging for mixed and multiple valvular heart disease
No full textAims: Multiple and mixed valvular heart disease (MMVD) are frequent situations in clinical practice. Despite a high prevalence, comprehensive insights into their clinical presentation, management strategies, impact of multimodality imaging, and outcomes are not well established, due to a lack of dedicated studies. Methods and results: The 'EACVI-MMVD Study' will be a large prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study led by the Heart Imagers of Tomorrow of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI). It will assess the proportion, management, and prognosis of MMVD over a 1-year period of follow-up. All consecutive patients diagnosed with MMVD using transthoracic echocardiography will be recruited over a 6-month recruitment period in 88 centres from 24 different countries. Baseline evaluation will be determined by physicians and encompass the whole spectrum of multimodality imaging including transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography, stress echocardiography, computed tomography, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Centres will have the opportunity to send cardiovascular imaging data for core laboratory analysis and to extend recruitment throughout a 5-year follow-up period. Conclusion: The EACVI-MMVD study will be the largest international multicentre study evaluating the prevalence of MMVD in clinical routine and determining the impact of multimodality cardiovascular imaging in MMVD patients.Clinical Trial Registration: NCT06235385 URL: https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06235385
NEDAMSS syndrome-related truncating and missense mutations are associated with aberrant liquid-liquid phase separation of IRF2BPL
No full textSince 2018, truncating and missense mutations in the IRF2BPL gene have been associated with the neurodevelopmental NEDAMSS syndrome and other IRF2BPL-related disorders. These mutations mainly affect the gene region encoding the central portion of the IRF2BPL protein, whose physiopathological roles are poorly understood. Here we show that this region contains three low-complexity regions (LCR1-3) and a higher-complexity domain (HCD) similar to DNA-binding domains. The polyA/polyQ-rich LCR1, together with an upstream zinc finger domain, drives IRF2BPL liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Disease-related truncating and missense mutations disrupt the physiological IRF2BPL LLPS in cells, leading to the formation of aberrant cytoplasmic condensates sequestering wild-type IRF2BPL from the nuclear compartment, activating molecular disease mechanisms, i.e., WNT1 upregulation, and altering neuronal cell electrophysiological properties. These findings identify aberrant LLPS as a key biophysical mechanism underlying the nuclear depletion of wild-type IRF2BPL, a fundamental pathogenic alteration underlying NEDAMSS, triggering downstream cellular and molecular disease mechanisms
Introduzione all'audio forense : Fonetica forense, elaborazione del segnale audio e psicoacustica
No full textIl manuale “Introduzione all’audio forense” propone una panoramica delle conoscenze necessarie per sfruttare le potenzialità tecnico scientifiche dell’analisi audio, ed in particolare della voce umana, per scopi forensi sia in ambito investigativo che processuale. Lo scopo è fornire uno strumento concreto ed accessibile per ottimizzare e potenziare l’utilizzo delle registrazioni audio da parte di diverse tipologie di professionisti del settore giuridico, tecnico e della sicurezza
THE ROBOTFALCON: A NEW METHODOLOGY TO STUDY PREY-PREDATOR INTERACTION AND AN INNOVATIVE BIRD DETERRENCE TOOL
No full textPredation and predator–prey interactions are among the key processes shaping species traits and the functioning of ecosystems. Predators can influence prey through both lethal and non-lethal effects. The latter are less straightforward and therefore less explored than the former, yet they are expected to be of comparable, if not greater, importance in shaping prey adaptations. Birds, due to their complex anti-predator behaviours, are expected to be strongly influenced by non-lethal effects, such as fear-mediated shifts in distribution in space and time, camouflage, and escape behaviours or group responses. This thesis examines the anti-predatory responses of different bird species, at multiple levels of organisation and across different contexts, to the non-lethal threat posed by the RobotFalcon (RF), and tests its applicability as a deterrence tool. The RF is a predator-like fixed-wing aircraft resembling a peregrine falcon, which allows researchers to manipulate the predator component of predator–prey interactions, thereby overcoming several challenges typically associated with studying this interplay. Chapter I investigates how individual homing pigeons adjust their behaviour when exposed to a threat (i.e. the RF) along their stereotyped homing route. Under predation risk, individuals prioritise altitude adjustments over route changes, challenging predictions from the Landscape of Fear framework. Chapter II explores the interplay between individual- and group-level spatial responses in feral pigeons and greylag geese. The main findings highlight the role that individual personality may play in shaping group performance and behaviour, underscoring the importance of considering personality when studying collective dynamics. Chapter III assesses the effectiveness of the RF as a deterrence tool for two species that frequently come into conflict with human activities: the feral pigeon and the black-headed gull. The results indicate variable applicability of this method, likely linked to differences in resource value exploited by different species at different life-history stages and sites. By employing the RF as an ethological tool, this research introduces a novel experimental framework for studying predator-prey interactions and bird deterrence, contributing to both behavioural and ecological sciences
MRI‐based scoring system to predict spondylodiscitis: The SPONDY-Score
No full textObjective To evaluate the diagnostic performance of a MRI-based scoring system to differentiate endplate edema related to spondylodiscitis and degenerative spine disease (DSD). Methods This retrospective study included 126 patients with spondylodiscitis and 162 with DSD. MRI scans were reviewed by two raters to report 12 features. Excluding collections, which were deemed pathognomonic of spondylodiscitis, the top five most significant features were selected and used for logistic regression. The dataset was randomly split into training and testing sets (75:25). We used the coefficients deriving from logistic regression to construct a clinical score (SPONDY-Score), which would assign said points to each included variable and chose the best threshold for such score. Reproducibility of MRI features was evaluated by calculating Cohen κ and raw concordance. Results The SPONDY-Score involved the assignment of 1 point for the involvement of posterior elements by bone edema, 15 points for vertebral bodies destruction, 5 points for the presence of paravertebral edema, −4 points for the presence of T2 hypointensity of the disc, 1 point for the presence of non-anatomical T2 hyperintensity of the disc. The best threshold was set at 5 points. When the SPONDY-Score was applied to the testing set, combined with the presence of paravertebral collections as indicator of spondylodiscitis, the model obtained 89 % accuracy, 95 % sensitivity and 85 % specificity. Regarding inter-observer reproducibility, κ values and concordance ranged from 0.61 to 0.90 and from 85 % to 98 %, respectively. Conclusion The SPONDY-Score demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance, providing an accurate and standardized method for clinical decision-making
Modeling and optimizing alpine forest management to maximize carbon sequestration
No full textForests affect the Earth’s carbon cycle in different ways: by absorbing carbon into biomass and soils, by transferring carbon to the pool of harvested wood products (HWP), and by allowing some of these products to save emissions by replacing climate-intensive materials. However, management also affects the forest carbon balance in more subtle ways, such as by modifying the age structure of the forest and hence the strength of its carbon sink, and by influencing the occurrence of natural disturbances, which could reduce future sink capacity. A comprehensive estimate of the effects of forest management on climate mitigation needs to integrate all these factors, but studies that jointly take into account all this information are rare. Thus, it remains unclear what strategy maximizes climate mitigation for each forest. We couple a forest dynamic model, which simulates future forest growth, harvest and disturbance in two mountain forest catchments, to an optimisation algorithm that explores the strategy space for maximum cumulative climate mitigation up to 2100. Our optimized management generates an additional climate mitigation potential of 9.2 to 10.2 tCO2 ha− 1, compared to current management. Our results consistently prioritised stand-level carbon retention, highlighting the dominant role of retaining carbon in living biomass, and the secondary benefit from HWPs and substitution when integrated judiciously. Also, the optimal mix of interventions varies among stands and forest-cover types, demonstrating that there is no one-size-fits-all solution. Altogether, the study demonstrates that coupling landscape-level forest modelling with formal optimisation provides a robust framework for evidence-based, climate-smart forest management and planning. Finally, the study proposes a comprehensive approach with the aim of including all relevant processes in the assessment of the carbon-related climate change mitigation potential of forests, with recommendations for action for all major types of alpine forests present in the study area
Giustizia riparativa e diritto all’oblio
No full textLo scritto approfondisce il tema della giustizia riparativa per come si è sviluppato prima “fuori” e dopo “dentro” il nostro ordinamento. Chiarite le coordinate costituzionali entro le quali collocarlo, si esaminano i punti di maggiore spessore della Riforma Cartabia. E si tenta di rapportarli con il tema del diritto all’oblio, anche in chiave di analisi di alcuni recenti casi giudiziari.This paper explores the issue of restorative justice as it developed first “outside” and then “inside”
the Italian legal system. Having clarified the constitutional framework within which it should be placed,
it examines the key points of the Cartabia Reform. It also attempts to relate them to the right to be
forgotten, including through the analysis of several recent case law