322590 research outputs found
Sort by
Mercedi, venalità, cumuli e rendite : Magistrature e uffici nello Stato di Milano nella prima metà del XVIII secolo
No full textQuesto lavoro intende tracciare un quadro il più possibile esaustivo dei modi del funzionamento degli uffici di uno stato di Antico Regime all’inizio del Settecento. Per comprendere l’essenza di quel sistema si è privilegiato lo sguardo di chi ne era parte integrante, cioè le descrizioni che ci ha lasciato un alto magistrato che cercò di delineare con cura la struttura amministrativa del suo paese, riportando i nomi di coloro che ricoprivano le cariche. Particolare risalto assumono fenomeni legati alla venalità, all’ereditarietà, alla concentrazione di alcuni uffici in poche mani e alle rendite che ne derivavano. Tale sistema influenzava gli assetti politici, divenendo un importante fattore di consolidamento del potere sovrano: la patrimonialità degli uffici consentiva di cementare un coacervo di interessi che finivano per associare i ceti locali al Re nella conservazione di tutto il sistema di governo, aspetto che si mantenne con continuità fra il dominio di Spagna e d’Austria. I titolari di cariche, i loro parenti e clienti, i sostituti, formavano un blocco compatto, che aveva un comune interesse a perpetuare un apparato in cui avevano investito le proprie risorse e da cui scaturivano cospicue rendite.This work aims to provide an overview of how the offices of the State of Milan functioned at the beginning of the 18th century. To this end, we have drawn on the description left to us by a high magistrate who described the administrative structure of Milan, listing the names of all those who held office. It highlights phenomena linked to venality, heredity, and the concentration of offices in a few hands. This system was an important factor in the consolidation of sovereign power: office holders, their relatives, clients, and substitutes formed a compact bloc, which had a common interest in perpetuating an apparatus in which they had invested their resources and from which they derived substantial income
Prevalence of hospital readmission, related causes and determinants in older people from 2010 to 2022
No full textReducing the rate of re-hospitalization is an important goal to improve the quality of care and reduce healthcare costs. The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of hospital readmissions, to investigate the causes of index admissions, readmissions and related determinants in an older population. Data from the REgistro dei pazienti per le POlipatologie e politerapie in reparti della rete SIMI (REPOSI) register were used. Older patients (65 + years old) acutely hospitalized and discharged from internal medicine and geriatric wards were followed-up by phone interview after 3 months. Prevalence of hospital readmission was calculated from 2010 to 2022, as well as the patterns of causes of index admission and readmission. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association with 3-month readmissions of patients' variables. Out of 4216 patients evaluated, 828 (19.6%) were re-hospitalized within 3 months. The most frequent causes of index hospitalization were ill-defined conditions (28.6%) and heart failure (12.1%), and those of re-hospitalization heart failure (14.0%) and rehabilitation procedures (11.7%). Multimorbidity, functional dependence and previous hospital admissions were the most important risk factors for re-hospitalization. Among the patients readmitted, 24.3% (201/828) were re-hospitalized with the same condition of their index admission. These results demonstrate that the prevalence of hospital readmission remains high, thus underlying the need for increased medical and social attention towards elderly patients at the time of hospital discharge
Digitalizzazione e intelligenza artificiale, oltre e al di là dell’ambito della contrattualistica pubblica
No full textContinental Contrasts in Climate Extremes That Control Tree Fecundity
No full textIn 2023, more than half of olive harvests (Olea europaea) across Spain, Greece, and Türkiye were lost to drought. The same year late freeze destroyed 90% of the peach crop (Prunus persica) on the Georgia Piedmont and the apple crop (Malus domestica) in central New York, Vermont, and southern Quebec. Climate extremes now rank with the costliest threats to agriculture, but their role in forest recovery from diebacks that are happening globally is unknown for lack of tree fecundity estimates in forests. Tolerance of climate extremes could depend on past exposure but constrained by phylogenetic conservatism. We report a continental scale analysis of climate extremes and forest fecundity across North America and Europe showing that responses to late freeze and drought are happening now. Species differences are not explained by the traits typically included in ecological studies and they are weakly associated with phylogeny. Late freeze, that is, freezing temperatures that follow the onset of flower development in spring, is shown to be “normal” in North America, but not Europe, potentially explaining failed seed production due to delayed onset and the resultant shorter growing period by North American transplants dating back at least to the 18th century. Drought has thus far had the greatest impacts in dry forested regions, but here too, species differences are not explained by traditional trait values. If responses have been buffered from drought and late freeze by past exposure, acclimation and local adaptation prove inadequate as extremes intensify
Brachiopod giants from the Mississippian (Asbian) of western Ireland: Fossil bioarchives of seasonality and symbiosis and far-field harbingers of climate change
No full textBrachiopod species of Gigantoproductus have long fascinated researchers, not only because of their exceptional size and thick shell, but also as unparalleled bioarchives for palaeoecological and palaeoclimatic information. In this paper, we describe faunas containing Gigantoproductus semiglobosus from upper Visean (upper Asbian) successions in two regions of western Ireland, and report geochemical analyses that improve understanding of the palaeobiology of these brachiopods. The two regions are the Burren, where the Aillwee Member (Burren Formation) comprises thick-bedded cyclic bioclastic packstone to grainstone, interpreted as the deposits in predominantly shallow-water (subtidal) marine environments with episodic subaerial exposure, and the Aran Islands, where the Slievenaglasha Formation comprises cyclic crinoidal limestones with chert, deposited in slightly deeper water conditions. Shallowing upward fourth-order cycles in both regions have previously been interpreted as being under a glacioeustatic control. Reconstructed delta 13Corg and delta 15Norg of soft tissues of G. semiglobosus are respectively -29.0 to -30.1 %o (VPDB) and - 1.4 %o and + 6.1 %o (Air) and serve as proxies for identifying photosymbiotic relationships and a mixotroph lifestyle for this species. Well-preserved delta 18Ocarb profiles record high seasonal variations (Delta delta 18O = 0.9 to 1.9 %o corresponding to a Delta T = 4 to 11 degrees C) for palaeoequatorial settings as a far-field proxy of the onset of sustained Gondwanan glaciation in the late Visean and provide evidence of warm tropics during the glaciation. The delta 13Ccarb profiles are mostly controlled by local influences and changes in productivity. Our geochemical analyses of growth patterns, seasonal variation, diet and endosymbiosis in G. semiglobosus, sheds new light on the paradox of these unusual brachiopods, and provides a greater understanding of their massive size
I principi in materia di informazione e di riservatezza dei dati personali. Commento all’art. 4
No full textDouble Vulnerability? A Cross-Country Comparison of Inequalities in Health, Subjective Wellbeing, and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic
No full textEditorial—The Lifelong Continuum of Pediatric Cardiovascular Care: New Insights from a Growing Field
No full textFaster Diagnosis of Suspected Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: Single-Center Evidence from BIOFIRE FilmArray® Pneumonia Panel Results vs. Conventional Culture Method
No full textBackground/Objectives: Syndromic multiplex PCR assays such as BIOFIRE FilmArray® Pneumonia (PN) panel enable rapid and simultaneous detection of bacterial and viral pathogens in respiratory specimens, improving diagnostic accuracy and patient management in lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). Methods: In this retrospective observational study, PN panel results in 410 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from hospitalized patients with suspected pneumonia were analyzed and compared with those obtained using the conventional culture (CC) method. Results: The PN panel showed an overall positivity rate of 54%, detecting bacteria in 39.0% of samples, viruses in 7.1%, and atypical bacteria in 2.2%. Using the conventional culture (CC) method, 33.9% of samples tested positive. Overall, 83 (20.2%) samples that were positive by the PN panel were negative by CC, whereas only 14 specimens (3.4%) were positive by CC and negative by PN panel. The most frequently detected pathogen by both the PN panel and CC was Staphylococcus aureus (n = 67, 16.34% for PN; n = 40, 9.76% for CC). Regarding diagnostic performance, the PN panel demonstrated a sensitivity of 89.02%, a specificity of 97.86%, and an overall accuracy of 97.63%. Lower sensitivity values were observed only for the Enterobacter cloacae complex (57.14%) and the Klebsiella pneumoniae group (75%). Specificity exceeded 92% for all bacterial targets. Conclusions: The PN panel confirms enhanced pathogen detection and a shortened time-to-result. It serves as a valuable adjunct for the timely diagnosis of LRTIs, supporting antimicrobial stewardship through more precise and appropriate antibiotic selection