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Reversal of precedence for the species name Teretia teres (Reeve, 1844) (Gastropoda, Neogastropoda, Raphitomidae) over its senior subjective synonym Teretia laviae (Calcara, 1843): prevailing usage maintained
No full textThe widely known marine mollusc species name Teretia teres (Reeve, 1844)
(Gastropoda, Neogastropoda, Raphitomidae) is a junior subjective synonym of Teretia
laviae (Calcara, 1843). The conditions are met for reversal of precedence of the two
names under Article 23.9.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. In
accordance with Article 23.9.2, we declare T. teres a nomen protectum and T. laviae a
nomen oblitum
Presidentesse. Le donne del Quirinale nell’Italia repubblicana
No full textA differenza degli Stati Uniti dove la figura della first lady ha una riconosciuta valenza pubblica e politica, con ruoli attivi anche nelle campagne elettorali dei rispettivi partiti, in Italia tale funzione non ha il medesimo impatto. Ciò non significa che le mogli o le figlie in caso di vedovanza, dei presidenti della Repubblica siano semplicemente comprimarie. Anzi, anche se non sono mai state studiate in maniera approfondita, hanno attraversato ottant’anni di storia italiana, lasciando un’impronta significativa nell’immaginario collettivo, con le dovute differenze determinate dal periodo in cui operano
Establish a robust technology for complex matrices and challenging agrochemical compounds.
Get PDFTo safeguard public safety and preserve biodiversity, it is crucial to closely observe pesticide concentrations. Mass Spectrometry (MS), combined with liquid chromatography (LC) has emerged as the preferred detection for pesticide detection and quantification. However, atmospheric pressure ionization (API) methods have limitations, including reduced spectral information, reproducibility issues, and challenges with poorly polar molecules and matrix effects, which complicate quantitative analyses and increase costs. To address these issues, alternative approaches have been explored, leading to the development of the Liquid Electron Ionization (LEI) interface, known for its robustness and consistency. LEI interface allows coupling the LC with the electron ionization (EI), extending it to low volatile and thermolabile molecules.
In this dissertation, the LEI interface was involved in different qualitative, quantitative, and untargeted applications. The first part of the project, regarded the development of an innovative, rapid, and green pesticide quantification method based on LEI-MS. Two pesticides with different physical/chemical properties were analyzed simultaneously in a complex matrix. The system was centred on the direct coupling of a solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber with LEI-MS, due to the use of a microfluidic open interface (MOI); the LC separation was not involved, allowing to perform compound extraction and analyses in about 5 minutes. The method proved to be reliable and reproducible.
The second part of the project was focused on improving performance and demonstrating the versatility and advantages of the LEI interface. Coupling normal phase liquid chromatography (NPLC) with MS is a challenge due to the non-compatibility of the non-polar solvents with API techniques. For the first time, the system LC-LEI-MS was coupled with the NPLC. Different model compounds were analyzed, and the results showed that non-polar solvents did not affect the EI spectra, which were easily recognized using the NIST library. In addition, a real problem was solved using NPLC coupled with the LEI interface; a non-polar impurity was separated from the main compounds of the mixture in about 5 minutes, instead of the 50 minutes required in RPLC.
In the last part of the project, the LEI interface was coupled with a high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS), a quadrupole-time-of-flight, hybrid instrument (Q-TOF), which was used for targeted and untargeted analysis in a forensic case involving Carbofuran (CBF), a carbamate pesticide banned by the EU. A novel workflow for untargeted analysis was developed by using HRMS, allowing for the identification of different compounds in different CBF formulations, required to understand the provenience of the formulation used. In addition, a quantitative method was developed to quantify CBF in animal samples. The use of CBF was confirmed, and the concentration of pesticide found in animal samples was compatible with the lethal dose (LD50). The same workflow was applied to identify an impurity in a formulation that had to be commercialized.
So far, the LEI interface demonstrated its robustness and versatility in several applications, solving some problems that affect conventional ionization techniques. The next steps will focus on improving the sensitivity and making the interface more user-friendly; achieving these goals will expand the use of the LEI interface, establishing it as a crucial alternative for solving analytical challenges
Angelica (Ludovico Ariosto, Orlando furioso)
No full textIl saggio legge il personaggio ariostesco di Angelica alla luce delle categorie della violenza di genere e dell'autodeterminazione allo scopo di definire se l'autore possa, attraverso questa vicenda femminile, possa aver inteso prendere una posizione relativamente alla querelle des femmes cinquecentesca
UNA PRONUNCIA DI “COSTITUZIONALITÀ” E NUOVE PROSPETTIVE NORMATIVE PER IL DIVIETO DI AVVICINAMENTO CON BRACCIALETTO ELETTRONICO
No full textPrendendo le mosse dal commento alla sentenza costituzionale n. 173 del 2024, il contributo analizza le recenti vicende normative che hanno interessato la disciplina del divieto di avvicinamento con ricorso al braccialetto elettronico, fondamentale strumento di risposta alla violenza di genere. L’autore analizza le ragioni che hanno indotto la Corte costituzionale a considerare legittimi il limite legale minimo di 500 metri di distanza tra indagato e vittima e la disciplina che consente al giudice di rispondere con l’«applicazione, anche congiunta, di ulteriori misure cautelari anche più gravi» all’impossibilità tecnica di ricorrere allo strumento di controllo (art. 282-ter c.p.p.). È inoltre affrontato l’impatto sulla materia del d.l. n. 178 del 2024, convertito dalla legge 23 gennaio 2025, n. 4. In particolare, l’introduzione dell’art. 97-ter disp. att. c.p.p. comporta alcune precisazioni procedimentali relative all’accertamento della fattibilità tecnica del controllo elettronico, ma infittisce vecchi interrogativi e solleva nuovi dubbi interpretativi. In particolare, l’autore tenta di misurare l’aderenza delle norme attualmente vigenti in materia di braccialetto elettronico al principio della domanda cautelare, considerato che quelle relative all’obbligatorietà del ricorso allo strumento e quelle relative all’aggravamento delle misure sembrano proseguirne il processo di lenta erosione, attribuendo al giudice il potere di incidere officiosamente e in peius sul trattamento cautelare
Concentration of 210Po in vegan diet foods commercialized in Italy and dose calculation
Get PDFIngestion of food and drink is one of the main routes by which radioactive elements in the environment enter the human body, which is why it is essential to know the concentration of the most significant naturally occurring and anthropogenic radionuclides in the diet. The radionuclide that is the subject of this work is 210Po, a radionuclide whose radiotoxicity is comparable to that of 239Pu and is about five times greater than that of 226Ra. To date, natural and artificial radioactivity has been measured in various foodstuffs in Italy. However, there needs to be more sufficient data concerning the vegan diet. This particular diet excludes all foods of animal origin, which is becoming increasingly popular. According to Eurispes' Italy 2021 Report, it has been estimated that 2,4 % of the Italian population follows a vegan diet. The first objective of this work was to complete previous alpha spectrometry measurement campaigns of 210Po carried out by the same research group on typical foods of the vegan diet (legumes, cereals, and their derivatives, pseudocereals, algae, and spices) to contribute to more comprehensive databases. The second objective was calculating the committed effective dose resulting from one year of food consumption, using the concentration data obtained in the analyzed samples. The concentration values obtained ranged from a minimum of 0,069 ± 0,051 Bq kg−1 in cereal and legume products to a maximum of 3,89 ± 2,79 Bq kg−1 in algae. The committed effective dose for the average adult related to the consumption of these foods was 67,7 μSv y−1
Analysis of humoral and cellular immune activation up to 21 months after heterologous and homologous COVID-19 vaccination
Get PDF: To address the COVID-19 pandemic, diverse vaccination strategies, including homologous and heterologous schedules, were employed to enhance immune protection. This study evaluates the long-term humoral and cellular immune responses in individuals vaccinated with homologous (ChAdOx1-S/ChAdOx1-S [ChAd/ChAd]) and heterologous (ChAdOx1-S/BNT162b2 [ChAd/BNT]) schedules, followed by a third-dose mRNA booster (BNT162b2 [BNT] or mRNA-1273). Anti-Spike IgG titers were measured at 9-, 12-, and 21-months post-primary vaccination (corresponding to 3-, 6-, and 15-months post-booster), while SARS-CoV-2-specific B- and T-cell responses were assessed at 21-months post-booster. Antibody titers declined by 12-months post-primary vaccination, regardless of the third dose administered, and increased significantly by 21-months, potentially due to a fourth dose (BNT or mRNA-1273) or natural SARS-CoV-2 infection. The heterologous ChAd/BNT schedule elicited a stronger and more durable immune response than the homologous ChAd/ChAd, as evidenced by higher anti-Spike IgG titers, increased IgM-/IgG+ memory B-cell activation, and enhanced cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell cytokine expression in infected individuals. SARS-CoV-2 infection further boosted humoral and cellular responses, with infected individuals showing higher anti-Spike IgG titers and greater CD8+ T-cell activation compared to uninfected individuals. These findings highlight the benefits of heterologous vaccination schedules and the role of infection-driven immune activation, providing valuable insights for optimizing vaccination strategies to improve long-term immunity against SARS-CoV-2
Gender politics, environmental behaviours, and local territories: evidence from Italian municipalities
Get PDFIdentification of glutamate-related disease-dependent alterations in subventricular NSCs of the 3xTg Alzheimer's disease model, could they be involved in attempting damage repair?
No full textAlzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterised by several factors, such as impaired glutamate neurotransmission affecting crucial functions. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are present in the adult brains of all mammalian species and contribute to the continuous generation of neural cells throughout life. The disruption of glutamate levels during the development of AD could impact NSCs' functionality, influencing their response to the microenvironment. In this work, we isolated adult neural stem cells from both triple transgenic (3xTg)-AD mice and age-matched wild type (WT) mice in order to gather information on any differences between them, particularly concerning the potential mechanisms involved in the internalisation of glutamate and its utilisation for energy production. The 3xTg model offers the ability to recapitulate human pathology with both plaque and tangle hallmarks that are involved in the process of glutamate release. In vitro culture 3xTg NSCs showed a slight morphological difference compared to WT cells and a massive reduction of proliferation and viability. Furthermore, 3xTg NSCs displayed an increase in the expression of glutamate transporters and glutamine synthetase, while glutamate dehydrogenase did not show any reduction, which is typical in AD brains. Data obtained from this basic research study suggest a possible involvement of glutamate in the cellular energy balance, indicating an attempted response of NSCs to the cytotoxic microenvironment in the early stage of AD pathology. This finding is of great interest, as it corroborates the hypothesis that targeting the glutamatergic system could be an extremely promising strategy for new therapeutics in AD
Rimini città ducale della Pentapoli. Processi di trasformazione del paesaggio rurale in Romània dal Tardoantico al basso Medioevo, nuovi dati sull'incastellamento e sul Breviarium Ecclesiae Ravennatis
No full textNuovi studi condotti sul Breviarium Ecclesiae Ravennatis (e sulla documentazione posteriore) attuati attraverso un metodo sperimentale che ha previsto l’osmosi tra topografia, archeologia, geomorfologia, toponomastica e informatica, permettono di proporre un inedito modello evolutivo per le campagne della Pentapoli romana-orientale. Lo sviluppo di una vasta banca dati toponomastica e informatizzata, che copre il territorio pentapolitano, affiancata da informazioni di ordine archeologico, ha rischiarato i processi di trasformazione dell’habitat e del popolamento, tra Tardoantico e alto Medioevo, nella Romagna meridionale (e nelle Marche settentrionali). Il territorio della città di Rimini è osservato nella lunga diacronia sotto ogni aspetto: riassegnazioni fondiarie tardoantiche, cristianizzazione, sviluppo del sistema per casali, emersione di masse fondiarie, fondazione di edifici plebani, trasformazione di villaggi in castelli, diffusione di tombe e ville bassomedievali. Dall’opera scaturisce un rinnovato quadro interpretativo, frutto dell’attività di ricerca ormai trentennale svolta dall’Insegnamento di Archeologia Medievale dell’Università di Urbino tra la Romagna e le Marche