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Il dato come vettore giuridico ed economico: l’esperienza cinese tra codificazione civile, data exchange e regolazione del mercato
No full textIl saggio affronta la qualificazione giuridica del dato nell’esperienza cinese, collocandolo al centro dei mutamenti concettuali che intrecciano codificazione civile, infrastrutture di scambio e regolazione del mercato. Attraverso l’esame del caso Li c. Yao e Taobao e dell’art. 127 del Codice civile, l’analisi evidenzia il superamento della nozione di bene in favore di una costruzione proprietaria e contrattuale. L’interazione fra Codice civile, PIPL e DSL rivela la tensione fra dimensione personale e valore economico del dato, mentre i Venti Articoli sui dati introducono un modello tripartito di diritti di possesso, uso e gestione. L’indagine culmina nello studio dei data exchange – in particolare dello Shanghai Data Exchange – quali dispositivi giuridico-economici della nuova sovranità digitale cinese.The paper examines the legal qualification of data in the People’s Republic of China, situating it within a conceptual metamorphosis that intertwines civil codification, exchange infrastructures, and market regulation. Through the analysis of Li v. Yao and Taobao and Article 127 of the Chinese Civil Code, it highlights the transition from the notion of thing to that of proprietary and contractual construct. The interaction among the Civil Code, PIPL, and DSL exposes the tension between the personal and economic dimensions of data, while the Twenty Data Articles articulate a tripartite model of possession, use, and management rights. The study culminates in an exploration of data exchanges – notably the Shanghai Data Exchange – as legal-economic devices of China’s emerging digital sovereignty
Enhancing seismic site response analyses: Tuning soil properties via genetic algorithms and Bayesian model updating from downhole array data
No full textThis study employs deterministic genetic and probabilistic Bayesian algorithms to enhance seismic site response simulations through refined characterization of soil properties using downhole array data. We developed a three-dimensional finite element model using OpenSeesPy, which incorporates isotropic elastic soil material model and Lysmer–Kuhlemeyer dashpots to simulate radiation damping. This model adjusts shear wave velocities across different soil layers, aiming to minimize the discrepancies between observed and predicted acceleration response spectra at various depths. By utilizing data from the 2011 Kütahya earthquake (5.8 Mw) recorded in Istanbul's Zeytinburnu district, the framework was calibrated and validated. This data encompasses measurements from bedrock, two mid-layers and the surface. Initial shear wave velocities for these layers were established based on average values derived from PS Suspension Logging tests. Updated model parameters are then calculated as multiples of these initial estimates, with the modification bounds defined by the standard deviations of the initial parameters. Finally, the so-updated parameters are used in the model to validate the response against the Ege Denizli (Aegean Sea) earthquake (6.2 Mw). The practical application of this model demonstrates its capability not only to align closely with empirical seismic data, thus enhancing the accuracy of predictions, but also to effectively quantify uncertainties associated with seismic site response, showcasing the robustness of the combined deterministic and probabilistic approaches in real-world settings
La mobilità dei dipendenti pubblici
No full textIl capitolo analizza la disciplina della mobilità dei dipendenti pubblici alla luce delle più recenti innovazioni normative apportate dalla decretazione attuativa del PNR
Neural network-based segmentation of dentate nuclei from 3T b0 brain images: a semi-supervised approach
No full textEvaluation and validation of blood-based biomarkers for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease: from research to clinical application
No full textCruor effusus et cruor qui pollue. La représentation rhétorique d’une vierge aspirant au sacerdoce dans la contr. 1, 2, 1 de Sénèque l’Ancien
No full textSeneca the Elder’s controuersia 1, 2 opens with the intervention of Porcius Latro. The rhetor presents a complex tableau in which numerous elements clearly highlight the incompatibility between the young girl aspiring to the priesthood of Vesta and the prerequisites necessary to obtain it. In this regard, the description of the moment when the cruenta girl manages to escape from the lupanar acquires considerable significance. This study aims to focus on the rhetorical representation of the cruenta girl, seeking to explore the deeper meanings of such an image and the emotional and religious reactions it could evoke. It will also highlight what must have been a crucial aspect of Latro’s argumentation, ultimately revealing a significant element from a technical-rhetorical perspective
Randomized Controlled Trials and Real-World Evidence in Allergen Immunotherapy: A Critical Reflection on Methodological Paradigms, Ethical Implications, and Industry Influence
No full textBackground: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only intervention capable of modifying the natural history of allergic diseases. The evidence supporting its effectiveness comes from two distinct but complementary methodological approaches: randomized controlled trials (RCTs), traditionally considered the gold standard for establishing causality, and real-world evidence (RWE), which reflects everyday clinical practice. The tension between these two paradigms is methodological, ethical, and political. Objective: Critically examine the epistemological foundations, limitations, and strengths of RCTs and RWE in evaluating AIT, exploring the ethical implications and influence of the pharmaceutical industry in the construction of clinical evidence. Methods: Narrative and reflective review of methodological and bioethical literature on RCTs and RWE, with a focus on AIT studies. The analysis considers internal and external validity, generalizability, data governance, conflicts of interest, and regulatory implications. Results: RCTs offer internally valid estimates of effectiveness, but these are difficult to generalize; RWE captures the complexity of clinical practice but is vulnerable to confounding and bias. The ethical dimensions differ: RCTs raise issues of equivalence and informed consent, while RWE raises issues of privacy and secondary use of data. The industry utilizes considerable influence on both paradigms, contributing to systematic distortions of the evidence. Conclusions: Neither RCTs nor RWE, taken in isolation, provide a sufficient picture of the efficacy and safety of AIT. Only an integrated approach, combining methodological rigor and pragmatic relevance, accompanied by independent monitoring of conflicts of interest and greater transparency, can support truly evidence-based medicine
Il lamento di Costantinopoli nel libro I dell’«Alfonseis» di Matteo Zuppardo
No full textDopo una presentazione generale dell’autore e della sua opera, il saggio si concentra sull’esame del lamento che la personificazione allegorica di Costantinopoli (recentemente conquistata dai Turchi di Maometto II nel 1453) pronuncia apparendo in sogno ad Alfonso il Magnanimo, nel libro I dell’«Alfonseis» (vv. 19-83), poema epico-storico ed encomiastico composto tra il 1455 e il 1457 dal notaio e umanista siciliano Matteo Zuppardo. L’analisi, in particolare, si appunta sulle suggestioni letterarie presenti nel passo in questione (tratte principalmente da Virgilio, Ovidio e Stazio, ma anche dalla Bibbia e dai poeti cristiani), e sui rapporti con la tradizione tardoantica e medievale del "planctus" e delle "laudes civitatum". Adeguata attenzione è inoltre dedicata agli aspetti stilistici, retorici e metrici.After a brief introduction to the author and his work, this paper examines the lament voiced by the allegorical personification of Constantinople – recently conquered by
Mehmed II’s Turks in 1453 – who appears in a dream to Alfonso the Magnanimous in
Book I of the «Alfonseis» (vv. 19-83), a historical-epic and encomiastic poem composed by the Sicilian notary and humanist Matteo Zuppardo between 1455 and 1457. The analysis focuses on the passage’s literary models (drawn primarily from Vergil, Ovid, and Statius, as well as from the Bible and Christian poets) and on its connections with the late antique and medieval tradition of the "planctus urbium". The essay also addresses the text’s stylistic, rhetorical, and metrical features
Il controllo dell'ordine pubblico in Sicilia tra l'occupazione alleata e il ritorno all'Italia (1943-44)
No full textA partire dallo sbarco degli anglo-americani del luglio 1943 si aprì per la Sicilia una fase molto complessa da un punto di vista della gestione dell’ordine pubblico. Nell’isola infatti si verificò una notevole recrudescenza di banditismo e mafia, dovuta non soltanto alla situazione di disordine creatasi, ma anche al pressoché totale collasso delle istituzioni statali. L’intervento si propone di ragionare su come fu inizialmente gestita dal Governo Militare Alleato e, a partire dal febbraio 1944, da quello italiano. Fin da subito gli Alleati, per cercare di venire a capo dell’emergenza in tempi rapidi, su pressione delle autorità di polizia locali finirono per utilizzare tutta una strumentazione che si poneva in continuità con quella adoperata negli anni del regime fascista. Fu dunque creato un organismo interprovinciale sul modello di quelli operanti nell’isola nel corso degli anni Trenta. Inoltre furono rapidamente ripristinati tutta una serie di istituti che inizialmente si era pensato di abolire, come il confino di polizia. Infine si impiegò lo stesso personale, mettendo in atto un’operazione di ricambio molto moderata, complice anche la scelta di basarsi sul modello amministrativo dell’indirect rule. Tutti questi elementi influenzarono notevolmente le successive scelte operate dal governo italiano dopo la restituzione dell’isola nel febbraio 1944 e le conseguenze si sarebbero fatte sentire quanto meno per tutta la seconda metà degli anni Quaranta
La “Palermo del fuoco e delle lacrime” nel “racconto” di Vincenzo Consolo
No full text‘Unfortunately, this is not fiction, not a novel, but reality, tragic, painful reality,’ commented Vincenzo Consolo in March 1992, in the Corriere della Sera, in response to yet another bloody event, the murder of Salvo Lima, with a troubled tone that revealed the growing centrality of the dilemma between ‘fact and fiction’ in his writing. This tormented expression would soon find its way into Lo spasimo di Palermo, a novel whose inventive plot, woven around the Via D'Amelio massacre, dramatises the pitfalls of “silence”, the repulsion of the “invasion of the report”, and the spectre of the “disappearance of memory”. This presentation will focus on the inexhaustible thematic and formal work through which, particularly in the controversial decade of the 1990s, when mafia massacres were rampant, these tensions were translated into the writer's essays and fiction, which, even in the short form of journalistic prose, questioned contemporary history and the ability of words to interpret civic resistance. It will also reflect on how, particularly since the years in which the exemplary experience of Il sorriso dell'ignoto marinaio (The Smile of the Unknown Sailor) matured in 1976, the need to go beyond referential descriptiveness persists, even in the form of the article, through an exercise of the pen that draws precisely from the multiple pronunciations of fiction, literary and artistic, from the unprecedented representation in the narrative of reality, its peculiar cognitive and ethical vigour