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Paper-based microfluidic electrochemical sensor for chloride ion and uric acid detection in sweat
No full textChloride ions and uric acid are two key biomarkers that play a crucial role in oxidative stress, a pathological condition that can lead to serious diseases if not monitored and identified on time. In this work, we focus on developing an innovative device based on an electrochemical sensor and a paper microfluidic system for the early detection of these biomarkers in sweat. The electrochemical sensor consists of a silicon chip containing thin-film gold electrodes modified by electrodeposition with silver and a composite of reduced graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles for the detection of chloride ions and uric acid, respectively. An initial performance assessment of the sensors in batch in buffer and artificial sweat solutions was conducted using chronoamperometry. Calibration curves were obtained in both media. Chloride ions were detectable in the range of 1–100 mM with a sensitivity of 1.40 μA mM−1 in buffer, while the range and sensitivity in artificial sweat were 1–100 mM and 1.44 μA mM−1. Uric acid was detectable with a sensitivity of 1.610 μA mM−1 and a linear range of 10–500 μM in buffer. The corresponding values in artificial sweat were 1.583 μA mM−1 and 10–500 μM). These analytical values indicate minimal interference and a very small matrix effect when measurements were conducted in artificial sweat. The sensors were integrated with a paper microfluidic component to assess the effectiveness of the device in monitoring chloride ion and uric acid levels in sweat with a very low sample volume (7 μL) for non-invasive and low-cost evaluation of oxidative stress
Durability of lenacapavir in viremic heavily treatment-experienced people with HIV: Real-world data from the PRESTIGIO Registry
No full textLenacapavir, the first-in-class capsid inhibitor, targets multiple stages of the HIV lifecycle, thereby inhibiting viral replication.1 Thanks to its new mechanism of action, lenacapavir is approved for use in people with HIV (PWH) who have limited treatment options.2,3 While its efficacy has been demonstrated in clinical trials,4–6 real-world data in PWH with extensive treatment experience remain scarce. We aimed to evaluate the durability and viro-immunological outcomes of lenacapavir-containing regimens in viremic PWH harbouring four-class drug-resistant (4DR) strain
Hiring procedures and the use of Artificial Intelligence: challenges and perspectives
No full textThe paper aims to explore the key challenges posed by artificial
intelligence (AI) in the pre-hiring context. As evidenced by several research
studies, the use of AI technologies along recruitment procedures has become
widespread in recent years
The borders of the adverbium between praepositio and coniunctio in Notker’s perspective
No full textThe discovery of Priscian’s Institutiones Grammaticae brought a new perspective to the grammatical analysis of the eighth and ninth centuries, as it heavily relied on the commentaries on Donatus’s Ars Minor and Ars Maior, and many scholars of the time were not entirely aware of Priscian’s contribution to the scholarly discussion within the didactical framework. Entwining Priscian’s interest in metalanguage and definitions into their studies, scholars brought the methods of dialectics into the study of grammar. As such, we refer to a few relevant figures within the medieval framework who played a relevant role. Between the eighth and ninth centuries, scholars such as Alcuin of York started to determine a theory of definitions rooted in dialectics by observing and commenting on the use of definitions in Donatus and Priscian. This is also the case of the glosses and lexica written in the Middle Ages that shed light both on the need for definitions and on the relationship between Latin metalinguistic definitions and Germanic languages. Among the works concerned with metalanguage, the glosses from St. Gall hold a special place. The teaching methods used in the Abbey of St. Gall survive in the translations and commentaries of the monk, scholar, and teacher Notker Labeo, whose didactic purpose is evident in his work
GdPO4:Eu nanoparticle formation during in situ hydrothermal synthesis in wood
No full textThis study investigates the formation and characterization of europium- doped gadolinium phosphate (GdPO4:Eu) nanoparticles produced during the in-situ hydrothermal synthesis of ceramic–wood composites. The research focuses on understanding the conditions under which these particles form within a solution enriched with wood components, examining their structural characteristics. In detail, the interaction between wood degradation products, including lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose derivatives, and the aqueous precursor solution containing NH4H2PO4, [Figure presented] and [Figure presented], is analyzed to elucidate the role of organic compounds in particle nucleation and growth. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to assess the crystalline structure, chemical composition, and morphology of the synthesized particles. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the solution composition, highlighting the influence of paramagnetic gadolinium ions on organic transformations and spectral broadening
Fighting labor exploitation in traineeships: current issues and prospects for a regulatory reform
No full textThis paper provides a critical analysis of the current Italian legal framework on traineeships, highlighting its strengths, remaining gaps, and the ongoing reform process. It examines the measures introduced by the 2022 Budget Law and the unresolved issues related to their implementation. Furthermore, it evaluates how the European Commission’s proposed Directive, together with the reinforced Council Recommendation, could impact the Italian system, particularly in terms of preventing abuse and strengthening the protection of young people entering the labour market
Gender differences in fair play behaviours in elite handball
No full textThis study aims to examine whether fair play behaviour is associated with competitive performance. An additional objective is to analyse gender differences in Fair Play in the Handball World Championships between 2007 and 2023. A total of 464 games were reviewed to analyse the team's fair play statistics. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine any differences between the men's and women's teams on the variables analysed in the study. Statistical power analysis, G*Power 3.1, was used to determine the power statistical analysis and the effect size of the model. According to the team rankings, significant differences were observed between men and women in all variables analysed, except for yellow cards. The findings indicate that teams achieving higher final rankings generally demonstrated more disciplined conduct. These results support the idea that fair play is positively associated with athletic performance, reinforcing the notion that ethical and disciplined behaviour is compatible with competitive success
Using Cross-Attention for Conversational ASR over the Telephone
No full textWe present a neural architecture for speech recognition over the telephone. In telephone conversations, the speakers are already separated into separate channels. Although this is mostly an advantage, the separation also removes important contextual information from the other speaker. Earlier approaches have been proposed to address this problem, but 1) they do not precisely model the temporal relationship of the two channels, or 2) the model only has access to context in the form of text. We propose a Transformer model that uses cross-attention between the two channels of a telephone conversation and uses positional encodings that provide the model with the accurate temporal relationship of the two channels. Our empirical results on the Fisher, CallHome and Switchboard datasets show that our model outperforms the HuBERT baseline by a significant margin. We also provide an analysis of the cross-attention maps that shed some light on the internal workings of the model
Archeologia della performance musicale e della danza in Magna Grecia e nella Sicilia greca: rituali, spazi e contesti
No full textIl volume delinea un innovativo quadro metodologico per lo studio della performance musicale e coreutica nell'Occidente greco, intesa non come mero accompagnamento, ma come elemento co-creatore del rito. Attraverso l'analisi interdisciplinare della cultura materiale — dalle metope templari ai corredi funerari, dagli strumenti votivi alla coroplastica — la ricerca ricostruisce la pervasività della "song culture" in Magna Grecia e Sicilia. Adottando le prospettive della Soundscape Archaeology e degli Experienced Ancient Religious Sound Studies (EARS), il lavoro indaga come il suono e il movimento abbiano plasmato l'esperienza sensoriale negli spazi sacri e funerari. Lo studio dimostra come gli strumenti musicali e le immagini agiscano come "artefatti biografici" e signa di identità sociale e religiosa, fungendo da mediatori tra l’umano e il divino e veicolando complessi messaggi escatologici. Il volume apre infine alle nuove frontiere del Sonic Heritage e dell'archeologia digitale (modellazione 3D e VR) per il recupero dei paesaggi sonori storici.This volume establishes an innovative methodological framework for studying musical and dance performance in the Greek West, viewing these activities not merely as accompaniment but as co-creators of ritual action. Through an interdisciplinary analysis of material culture—from temple metopes to funerary assemblages, and from votive instruments to terracotta figurines—the research reconstructs the pervasiveness of "song culture" in Magna Graecia and Sicily. By adopting the perspectives of Soundscape Archaeology and Experienced Ancient Religious Sound Studies (EARS), the work investigates how sound and movement shaped sensory experiences within sacred and funerary spaces. The study demonstrates that musical instruments and iconographic evidence function as "biographical artifacts" and signa of social and religious identity, acting as mediators between the human and the divine and conveying complex eschatological messages. Finally, the volume explores the new frontiers of Sonic Heritage and digital archaeology (3D modeling and VR) for the recovery of historical soundscapes
A Structured Approach to Address the Storage Location Assignment Problem: A VIKOR-Based Solution
No full textThe allocation of Stock Keeping Units (SKUs) within warehouses is a crucial factor influencing a company’s logistical efficiency. Identifying the best location for each SKU is a tricky task for warehouse managers, as it directly affects key operational factors such as picking speed, travel distances, and internal flow. The allocation strategy depends on the company’s specific needs, as well as the characteristics of the SKUs. This problem is widely recognized in the literature as the Storage Location Assignment Problem (SLAP). Given the multi-criteria nature of this problem, the VIKOR decision-making method is proposed to address it in a two-dimensional context. The methodology was developed in collaboration with a Sicilian logistics serving the Italian market. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026