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Impacts Of Nox And Sox Emissions And Regulations Form Alberta's Power Generation Industry
No full textThe electricity sector is one of the largest emitters of Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) and Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) generated mainly from fossil fuel based sources. Alberta’s electricity industry is powered mainly by coal and gas making the sector one of the largest contributors of air emissions. Regulatory bodies across the country have implemented policies to set higher standards as initiatives to combat air emissions. The impacts associated with NOX and SO2 include human health issues and environmental impacts including acidification and eutrophication. Studies have shown the economic implications associated with exposure to these pollutants have cost the nation millions in health and environmental costs. This research study found Alberta emits the highest amounts of NOX and SO2, largely due to the availability of fossil fuel based natural resources and the economic development from the energy sector. In the past ten years, Alberta’s progressive initiatives have seen implementation of higher efficiency technologies, greater use of natural gas for power generation, and implementation of renewables. Alberta implemented initiatives including the climate change and emissions management act and the specified gas emitters regulation to encourage use of new technologies such as the integrated gasification combined cycle to replace existing high NOX and SO2 emitting coal facilities while sustaining the provinces energy needs. However, Alberta has yet to set a target to reduce their total overall emissions like Ontario recently implemented
An Overall Assessment Of The Performance Of Water And Land Pollution Control Systems At The Esmeraldas Petroleum Refinery
No full textPrefeasibility Study For A 20 Mw Wind Farm In Azuay, Ecuador
No full textThis report assesses the technical, economic, social and legal aspects of implementing a 20 MW wind farm in Huascachaca and Yulug in Azuay province, Ecuador. The current electricity market in Ecuador is dominated by hydro and thermal generation. The CONELEC (2003) legislation guarantees a price of .10 US 20 million. Impacts during the construction, operation, and decommissioning of the project are minor and can be readily mitigated. Because these types of project have not been developed in Ecuador, it is important to create a strategy that addresses capacity building and government participation
Corporate Carbon Footprint Reduction: A Pre-feasibility Study And Comparative Analysis Of Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Strategies For Enerplus Corporation
No full textReducing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions is imperative for corporations, and a number of environmental, regulatory, social, and economic incentives exist for companies to reduce their carbon footprints. In order to make a specific recommendation for reducing the carbon footprint of Enerplus Corporation, this research contains a pre-feasibility study of different GHG reduction methods. By calculating the simple payback period based on various costs of carbon emissions, a comparative analysis outlines which methods are most suitable for integration into Enerplus’s operations. The study finds that the risks associated with climate change create a number of incentives for Enerplus to reduce their carbon footprint. Preliminary findings suggest that converting pneumatic devices, integrating energy efficient lighting options, investing in afforestation projects, and adding waste heat recovery or vent gas capture technologies are the most cost effective GHG reduction measures. As such, these measures present viable options for Enerplus to reduce their corporate carbon footprint
Evaluating Mineral Carbonation – An Alternative To Co2 Emissions Reductions
No full textSince the Industrial Revolution global green-house gas emissions, atmospheric CO2 concentrations in particular, have increased significantly due to anthropogenic burning of fossil fuels. It is the opinion of many government and international bodies that these increased emissions will accelerate the climate change phenomenon and its adverse effects. As such large reductions to current and future CO2 emissions are required while the performance and economics of renewable energies and technologies mature. Carbon capture and storage has been identified and already implemented as an option to reduce emissions on a large scale. Similarly, mineral carbonation, a naturally occurring process is also another potential candidate to reduce CO2 emissions on an even larger scale than carbon capture and storage. This Masters Design Project examines the technological background, regulatory framework, environmental risks, and economics of both, with a focus on mineral carbonation. The project then evaluates the risks and rewards of using mineral carbonation and provides some conclusions and recommendations for deployment alongside carbon capture and storage
Examining The Energy And Emissions Associated With The Acquisition And Use Of Clothing, And The Waste Associated With The Disposal Of Clothing Among Fast Fashion, Neutral Fashion, And Slow Fashion Consumers”
No full textPrevious research indicates that aftercare in the use phase of clothing generates the largest proportion of greenhouse gas emissions in a garment’s lifecycle. However, use phase emissions largely depend on longevity of wear. Furthermore, fast fashion consumers acquire and discard clothing more often than regular consumers. To date, there are no studies examining the environmental footprint of clothing acquisition and use among different types of
fashion consumers. This research examined the energy and emissions associated with clothing acquisition and use, and the disposal behavior and potential for waste among fast, neutral and slow fashion consumers. A total of 100 surveys were administered to shoppers in the city of Calgary. Results indicate that transportation emissions from clothing acquisition are larger than
use phase emissions, and that the majority of fashion consumers trash clothing that is damaged. Adjusting mode of transportation, shopping frequency, and disposal choices can greatly reduce one’s environmental footprint
Commercialization of In-Situ Hydrogen Production
No full textMitigation of global warming requires transition to fuel sources which emit no greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions when used and produce no significant GHG emissions in their production. Proton’s in-situ hydrogen production technology utilizes an approach which traps all other produced gases underground with the potential to produce such clean hydrogen. This study reviews the proposed technology components, potential synergies for renewable power storage (as hydrogen), large scale economics and life cycle greenhouse gas intensity benefits. The results show feasibility of large scale application, a positive synergy with large scale renewable energy storage (in salt caverns), a potential to produce hydrogen at scale with a cost of approximately $0.17/kg, and potential for reducing the current greenhouse gas intensity of natural gas powered gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) electricity generation from 499.1 g CO2eq/kWh to approximately 5 g CO2eq/kWh (98% reduction) by conversion of GTCC plants to run on clean hydrogen
Alberta's Carbon Pricing Approach: Adapting For Change
No full textIn 2007, Government of Alberta committed to carbon reduction strategy and regulation that would reduce emissions by 50 Mt by 2020 and 200Mt by 2050 (based on a business as usual projection). Given the global tread towards the control of GHG emissions through carbon control and pricing policies, this study takes a critical look at Alberta's approach to a carbon pricing to determine potential areas for improvement. The study will also and identify and analyze proven carbon pricing approaches from existing carbon pricing systems around the world and use this analysis to recommend approaches that we believe the Government of Alberta can utilizes to strengthen the current carbon pricing system
Implementation Of A Solid Waste Management Program In An Oilfield Of The Peruvian Amazon
No full textCommunity -oriented Sustainable Energy Enterprises
No full textTransitioning to a more sustainable energy paradigm requires a myriad of mechanisms and approaches. Based on current technology and resources, no one solution exists to replace fossil-fuels. Rooted in this transition is the idea of decentralizing energy production. This paper examines why our current energy paradigm is vulnerable and provides an in-depth analysis of how communities in developed regions can become more sustainable and resilient. The approach discussed utilizes the concept of a community-oriented sustainable energy enterprise. This enterprise seeks to implement renewable energy production within communities while maximizing social welfare and increasing local resilience. A proof-of-concept case study is presented to demonstrate how these implementations can be desirable from an environmental, social, and economic perspective