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Sui limiti del rimedio risarcitorio. Diritto all'educazione e all'istruzione del minore con disabilità e sua tutela
No full textIl diritto all’educazione e all’istruzione, sancito tanto a livello internazionale quanto a livello sovranazionale e nazionale, ha una speciale importanza per il minore. Particolare significato assume il riconoscimento di tale diritto nei confronti della persona con disabilità e soprattutto per il minore con disabilità. L’ordinamento italiano garantisce il diritto all’educazione e all’istruzione del minore con disabilità attraverso lo strumento del Piano educativo individualizzato (PEI). Una mancata o inadeguata attuazione del PEI si risolve in un pregiudizio per il soggetto e la tradizionale tutela che vi appresta il diritto civile è costituita dal rimedio risarcitorio. Ai limiti intrinseci alla responsabilità civile può sopperire una considerazione complessiva del sistema ordinamentale e dei suoi valori, che, dall’interazione fra pedagogia e diritto, possa guidare verso l’inclusione della scuola e l’inclusività nella scuola.
The right to education, which is enshrined at the international, supranational and national levels, is of paramount importance for the child. The recognition of this right in relation to persons with disabilities, and especially children with disabilities, is of particular significance. In the Italian legal framework, the right to education for children with disabilities is guaranteed through the instrument of the Individualised Educational Plan (PEI). In the event that the PEI is non-implemented or inadequately implemented, this constitutes a form of prejudice for the subject, and the traditional protection provided by civil law is the remedy of compensation. The intrinsic limits of civil liability can be offset by an overall consideration of the legal system and its values, which, from the interaction between pedagogy and law, can guide towards the inclusion of the school and inclusiveness in the school
Penalization and Necessary Optimality Conditions for a Class of Nonsmooth Sweeping Processes
Get PDFIn this paper we derive necessary optimality conditions for a Mayer problem involving a controlled sweeping process characterized by a moving set which is merely locally prox-regular (not necessarily smooth) and satisfies a constraint qualification condition formulated exclusively in terms of its normal vectors. We employ a penalization method based on the distance from the moving constraint, which allows convergence estimates that are uniform with respect to the control and, moreover, the strong W1,2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}\end{document}-convergence of the approximating solutions. An example of nonsmooth mechanics with finite degrees of freedom is presented
Influence of sector coupling on a district heating system in a German town: thermal simulation and comparison of different supply scenarios
No full textDistrict heating networks (DHN) present a significant opportunity for decarbonising the heating
sector, which accounts for 40% of total energy consumption in Europe. Despite being a
well-established technology, the integration of renewable energy (RE) in DHNs remains
underutilized. The increased use of heat pumps (HP), transformation measures, and the
implementation of hybrid grid structures have significant potential to increase the share of RE,
reduce primary energy demand and CO2 emissions from district heating. To capitalise on this
potential, this study presents a comprehensive simulation and evaluation of Hybrid Grid
Solutions (HGS). It investigates different heat supply scenarios in a southern German town,
comparing a reference scenario using a conventional DHN with two innovative HGS. The HGS
scenarios incorporate rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems for domestic energy appliances and
decentralised thermal energy storage (TES) systems. In these scenarios, TES facilitates the
integration of excess PV power into the heat supply through sector coupling technologies,
including electrical resistances and air-to-water HPs. The first HGS scenario relies on waste
heat, while the second consists of two distinct DHNs: one operates at a low temperature (45
°C) supplied by a large groundwater HP, and the other at 80 °C, using waste heat. Each scenario
is modelled and simulated over a one-year period using MATLAB Simulink with the CARNOT
Toolbox. The results show a significant reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for the
first HGS, primarily due to the utilization of excess PV power. However, an analysis of the
second scenario reveals challenges related to GHG emissions from the large HP, as
approximately half of its energy supply is derived from an electricity grid characterised by a
high primary energy factor. This study provides valuable insights into the conceptualization of
HGS, emphasizing the integration of RE while addressing associated challenges
Metabolomic Patterns at Birth of Preterm Newborns with Extrauterine Growth Restriction: Towards Putative Markers of Nutritional Status
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Indifferent, Dogmatic or Pragmatic: A Multi-Country Analysis of How Scientists View the Public and Public Engagement
No full textHow do scientists view the public and think about public engagement? In this article, we analyze interview data from 205 scientists in the fields of biology and physics from four countries — India, Italy, UK, and the USA — to show that scientists do not perceive the public as a monolithic entity. Three distinct kinds of publics were described by scientists, which we analytically characterize as “indifferent”, “dogmatic”, and “pragmatic”, and discuss in relation to major trends in extant literature. Our analysis showed that the respondents in our sample represented advanced and nuanced understandings of the public. Even though the deficit model still persists, and the preferred mode of public engagement remains science education and mostly (one-way) science communication, the purpose and focus of education and communication differ according to scientists’ orientations. We also identify discipline- and country-specific variations that warrant further investigation
Physiological and metabolic plasticity in Patella caerulea enables survival in the CO2 vent systems of the Castello Aragonese (Ischia Island)
No full textOcean acidification (OA) represents a major threat to marine ecosystems, causing detrimental effects mainly on calcifying organisms. However, the limpet Patella caerulea is one of the few calcifiers that can inhabit the naturally acidified areas of the Castello Aragonese vent systems (Ischia Island, Italy). Its presence suggests that this species may have developed tolerance or adaptive strategies to cope with OA. Nevertheless, the specific biological mechanisms remain largely unknown. To address this gap of knowledge, in our study we conducted physiological and metabolomics analyses on resident limpet populations collected along the acidification gradient of the Castello vent systems. Additionally, we investigated the same mechanisms in specimens transplanted for 30 days from ambient pH conditions to the different pH sites of the vent. Only during summer, OA increased respiration rates in limpets from the most acidified site and, simultaneously, reduced excretion rates and likely protein catabolism, probably to preserve more energy resources while coping with this environmental stress. Furthermore, the individuals up-regulated carnitine metabolism, potentially enhancing energy production through β-oxidation, and several metabolites involved in osmoregulation, oxidative stress, and nucleic acid mechanisms. Similar results were obtained also in limpets transplanted to low pH sites. Overall, our results suggest that limpets exposed to acidified conditions may have developed tolerance strategies to maintain energetic reserves and allocate them among metabolic processes, which are fundamental in maintaining biological and ecological traits and distribution when facing environmental disturbance such as OA
Preoperative Peripheral Blood Serotonin and Kynurenine Levels Are Associated With Oncological Outcomes in Glioblastoma IDH-wt Patients
Get PDFBackground: In recent years, there has been a growing interest in exploring the potential contribution of tryptophan (TRP) metabolism via the kynurenine (KP) and serotonin (SP) pathways in Glioblastoma (GBM) biology. This study aims to address the association between pre-operative peripheral blood levels of TRP, kynurenine (KYN), 5-hydroxy-tryptophan (5-HTP), and serotonin (5-HT) and relevant oncological outcomes in GBM IDH-wt patients. Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective clinical study. Serum from 62 adult patients undergoing maximal safe resection of newly diagnosed glioblastoma WHO-grade 4 IDH-wt (GBM) and n = 27 healthy controls were analyzed. The variables of interest were dichotomized via maximally selected rank statistics. Kaplan Meier and Cox multivariate regression analysis were conducted to explore the single contributions of these parameters in building a predictive model of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in these patients. Results: The mean baseline serum levels of 5-HT, KYN, and 5-HTP were significantly lower in GBM when compared to n = 27 healthy individuals (P <.001). Patients with 5-HT <78 ng/mL had a median OS of 14.4 months compared to 22.5 months in patients with increased levels (P =.01). Shorter OS was observed in patients with KYN <18 ng/mL (9.8 vs 17.5 months, P =.002), KYN/TRP <2.55 (11.4 vs 17.1, P =.002), 5-HTP/TRP <0.89 (11.5 vs 17.6 months, P =.02), and 5-HT/TRP <5.78 (13.4 vs 19.1 months, P =.002) compared to patients with high levels. Shorter PFS in patients with 5-HT <78 ng/mL (P =.04), KYN <18 ng/mL (P =.02), 5-HT/TRP <5.78 (P =.001), KYN/TRP <2.55 (P =.005). Reduced KYN, 5-HTP, and 5-HT were independent predictors of poor OS. Conclusions: This study highlights an intriguing association between the degradation of TRP along the KP and SP and median survival times in GBM. Decreased KYN, 5-HTP, and 5-HT levels were associated with shorter OS
Continuum models for metal nanoparticles coupled to real-space real-time time-dependent DFT treatments of molecules
Get PDFPlasmonic nanoparticle effects on nearby molecules can be treated within the Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM-NP). Numerically, PCM-NP relies on the Boundary Element Method (BEM), whereby nanoparticle polarization due to external electric fields is given in terms of point charges located on its meshed surface. Density Functional Theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT descriptions for molecules can be performed using a real-space grid. However, combining the standard BEM of PCM-NP with a real-space quantum-mechanical treatment for molecules physisorbed on large nanoparticles (beyond ∼1 nm of radius) quickly faces memory bottlenecks for typical high performance computing architectures. In fact, the 3D spatial grid should be taken large enough to fit the entire NP, in order to interpolate the electrostatic potential at its surface. We propose a new BEM (dubbed dummy-surface BEM or ds-BEM, for short) to handle effectively PCM-NP calculations with a real-space grid and implement it in the widespread Octopus code. Our ds-BEM maps the electrostatic BEM problem from the actual physical interface at the nanoparticle surface to a compact surface around the molecule, which can be embedded in the small-sized real-space grid used in gas-phase calculations. To show the accuracy of ds-BEM results, we benchmark it against standard BEM for real-space and real-time nonequilibrium electronic dynamics of a prototypical system (namely, p-nitroaniline close to a small, gold nanoparticle) computed at the level of time-dependent density functional theory. Absorption and Raman spectra obtained from BEM and ds-BEM show remarkable agreement, opening up the extension of PCM-NP to all property simulations accessible via Octopus
Forecasting time series by long‐memory models for countdata with an application to price jumps
No full textWe discuss the estimation and forecast of long-memory models for count data timeseries. We first demonstrate by Monte Carlo simulations that the Whittle estimator isthe most appropriate for recovering the memory degree of a count data time series.In the following, we introduce the possibility of forecasting count data by exploitingthe infinite autoregressive representation of the model. We complete our analysiswith an empirical example in which we verify the predictability of the price jumpnumbers