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La partecipazione dei lavoratori: una prospettiva giuscommercialistica
No full textLa l. n. 76/2025 rappresenta, dal punto di vista societario, un passo importante (seppure attenuato rispetto al progetto di legge originario e richiedente un intervento dell’autonomia statutaria, oltre che della contrattazione collettiva) verso un maggior coinvolgimento dei lavoratori nelle scelte di governo e organizzative, oggetto di un primo commento con il presente articolo
Development and Validation of the “Career Confidence for Activities in the Future” to Assess Italian Adolescents’ Self-Efficacy Beliefs in Handling Global Challenges
No full textInvestigating Total Ionizing Dose Effect on LVDS Receivers with Impedance Spectroscopy
No full textLow-Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS) receivers are widely used in high-speed serial links in several environments with radiation, including nuclear and high-energy physics experiments, spacecraft and satellites, and medical physics. In this work, we studied Total Ionizing Dose (TID) effects induced by 60Co gamma rays on LVDS receivers (part number DS90LV048A, from Texas Instruments) exposed to a high dose of 15.4 kGy at a dose rate of 364 Gy/h. TID tests have been performed at the CERN CC60 facility, that hosts a ~ 3 TBq 60Co radioactive source. Radiation effects were studied using both conventional techniques, such as current and voltage monitoring during irradiation, waveform analysis, and bit error rate, and Impedance Spectroscopy (IS), a frequency-domain technique well established in electrochemistry but still underexplored in the field of radiation effects on electronics.
Conventional analysis revealed no significant degradation in key performance metrics, including signal integrity, rise and fall times, amplitude, and common-mode voltage range. However, the proposed approach based on IS and I–V curve analysis enabled the observation of subtle TID effects. Equivalent circuit modeling based on two time-constant networks was employed to analyze specific device sections, including the power rail network, Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) protection circuit, input and output stages. In the power rail, IS identified a dominant time constant associated with a 96 pF lumped capacitance, whose value remained stable after irradiation. A second, slower time constant, attributed to charge trapping and detrapping mechanisms, showed a significant increase after radiation exposure. The ESD protection circuit, based on NPN avalanche breakdown, exhibited no change of its capacitance values due to TID, although a slight decrease in leakage resistance was observed. Moreover, IS revealed that the breakdown avalanche is triggered at around 5 kHz and, beyond this frequency, the circuit exhibits the behavior of a parallel RC network, with no shift in this frequency value observed after irradiation. In the input stage, IS measurements showed that the differential switching threshold remained within the 30–120 mV range, with current variations <15% after irradiation. The output driving capability exhibited a 6% reduction in the maximum sourcing current and a 4% increase in series output resistance. IS analysis also showed the presence of a lumped inductance of the order of magnitude of 1H in the output driving circuit that did not change after irradiation.
However, IS revealed subtle changes in the device internal physical mechanisms that are not detectable through conventional methods. This study highlights IS as a valuable, non-destructive technique for assessing radiation effects in digital microelectronics
Fast Stator Core Loss Estimation of PMSMs Considering Current Harmonics With Minimum Magnetostatic Analysis
No full textIn optimized permanent magnet synchronous machines, stator core losses are recognized as one of the major sources of electromagnetic loss. Quantitively evaluating and characterizing the variation pattern of stator core losses considering different factors such as operation conditions, current harmonics, and geometrical parameters is vital in the design stage. To deal with the high computation cost of using the high temporal resolution time-stepping finite element (FE) method, a fast method combining minimum magnetostatic finite element analysis and analytical process is proposed as an alternative solution. The flux density waveforms over an entire electrical period, originating from the magnets and the fundamental armature current, are reconstructed separately using sampled data and the frozen permeability method. Compared to the time-stepping FE method, the proposed approach delivers satisfactory core loss estimation accuracy with significantly reduced computation time
A freeform optical design of a 12U CubeSat for Earth observation
No full textLarge-scale, multi-redundant satellite platforms are well known for their high cost and the extensive time required for their construction and deployment. In recent decades, small satellites like CubeSats have gained significant popularity and transformed the field of space exploration.
This article presents a preliminary optical design for a CubeSat dedicated to Earth observation in the 400-900 nm spectral range. The CubeSat is based on a 12U platform, with the optical part occupying 8U and featuring a two-mirror off-axis Schwarzschild configuration. The satellite will perform hyperspectral imaging of the Earth using the pushbroom acquisition technique, all within a compact and efficient system. To achieve this, a linear variable filter will be placed in front of the detector.
Due to their small size, CubeSats present some limitations compared to larger, traditional satellites, which degrade the optical performance of the imaging systems. To overcome these limitations, an optical design based on freeform optics has been developed. A preliminary analysis of a two-mirror system, both with and without freeform optics, will be presented to demonstrate how the integration of freeform surfaces can substantially improve the system optical performance
Camelina sativa: An Emerging Feedstuff for Laying Hens to Improve the Nutritional Quality of Eggs and Meat
Full text linkCamelina sativa (CS) is an emerging sustainable oilseed crop with interesting feed application potentialities. The research assessed the potentiality of Camelina sativa (CS) in the diet for free-range laying hens, aiming at reaching a nutritional claim. To this purpose, two feeding groups of hens (n = 100 Livorno hens, n = 25 hens/pen) were farmed outdoor and received either a Control diet, which was a commercial diet for laying hens, or a CS diet. The latter was formulated to include the 5% CS cake and 1% CS oil, replacing conventional feedstuffs. Diets were isoprotein and isoenergy and were available ad libitum throughout the laying period (February-September). At day 1, n = 12 eggs/diet were sampled to assess the initial proximate composition and FA profile. Every 7 days the sampling was repeated to analyze the eggs' FA profile, up to day 35. At the end of the laying season, n = 6 hens/dietary treatment were slaughtered and subjected to meat quality evaluations. Results highlighted that a 28-day feeding was the period required to obtain 227 mg of C18:3 n-3 and 81 mg of C20:5 n-3 + C22:6 n-3/100 g egg, whereas a further 7 days of feeding trial were ineffective in further enhancing the omega-3 FA content of eggs. CS eggs were comparable to Control ones for overall physical traits, proximate composition, and shelf-life. In addition, at the end of the laying period, the meat of CS hens was also found to be healthier than that of Control ones, thanks to a higher omega-3 FA proportion (p < 0.01), which was, however, not sufficient to reach any nutritional claim. Instead, the proximate composition of CS meat was overall comparable to Control hens. In conclusion, the present research demonstrated that feeding Camelina sativa meal and oil to laying hens is feasible and allows to reach the nutritional claim in eggs "rich in omega-3 FA" after a feeding period of 28 days, without any negative effects on other eggs' quality trials. Camelina sativa can thus be defined as a promising sustainable feedstuff for the poultry sector for diversification purposes and to enhance the nutritional quality of eggs
Eredità in dialogo. Il Museo di Geografia dell’Università di Padova come luogo di emersione, incontro e valorizzazione per i patrimoni geografici
No full textImpact of germline BRCA1/2 status on outcomes for patients with HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackground: Almost 60 % of breast cancers (BCs) diagnosed in germline BRCA1/2 mutation (gBRCAm) carriers are HR+/HER2-. Sparse data suggest limited CDK4/6 inhibitors benefit among gBRCAm carriers. However, prespecified subgroup analyses from pivotal trials are lacking, and current data quality is poor given the small patient populations. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies evaluating CDK4/6 inhibitors outcomes in patients with HR+/HER2-metastatic BC according to gBRCA status. Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between gBRCAm patients and those with wild type (wt) or unknown (wt/unk) gBRCA status. Results: Of 1339 potentially eligible records, 14 studies were included, covering a population of 618 gBRCAm patients. Studies were mostly retrospective, with moderate-to-high risk of bias according to ROBINS-E algorithm. Three studies included only gBRCA tested patients; all others also allowed gBRCA untested patients. Meta-analysis of studies with available data for gBRCAm vs. gBRCAwt patients resulted in an HR for PFS of 1.68 (95 %CI 1.37–2.05) and an HR for OS of 1.73 (95 %CI 1.12–2.67). Inclusion of patients with unknown gBRCA status led to similar results (gBRCAm vs. gBRCAwt/unk), with an HR for PFS of 2.02 (95 %CI 1.59–2.57) and for OS of 1.46 (95 %CI 1.08–2.00). Conclusions: Emerging data suggest that gBRCAm patients with advanced HR+/HER2- BC may experience shorter PFS and OS with CDK4/6 inhibitor compared to gBRCAwt. Given the low level of evidence and the high risk of bias in available studies, further research is needed to understand molecular mechanisms and identify the optimal treatment sequence
A Multi-Level Governance of Resilience: Civil Society, Universities and Local Governments for the Support of Refugee Students in Italy
No full textA multi-level governance of resilience is fundamental in creating supportive spaces for the defense of human rights. Starting from the concepts of inclusive city and the right to education, this article will explore the support for refugee students in academia, with examples of best practices from Italian universities. Universities, as places of culture, knowledge dissemination, and cultural defense, on one hand, and as public institutions rooted in the community, on the other, have a duty to strive to improve the very societies they inhabit. Creating supporting activities for the integration of refugees into the university system falls not only within the so-called Third Mission of universities: it also responds to one of the goals set by UNHCR for 2030, which is to achieve 15% of refugees enrolled in university. This article will highlight how universities as public institutions have a moral duty to defend human rights, and promoting the access of refugees to the higher education system definitely works in this direction. However, universities alone cannot succeed in ensuring a truly successful path for such fragile users: it is essential to create a multi-level supporting network with other entities at both local and national levels