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Dislocation driven evolution of passivity in L-PBF 316 L: Unveiling the impact of thermal exposure
No full textThis study investigates the influence of subcritical thermal exposure on the passivation behaviour of laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) processed 316 L stainless steel, with a focus on dislocation-driven mechanisms under industrially relevant conditions. A novel approach was taken by systematically examining the evolution of corrosion resistance as a function of both residual stress and dislocation density across a temperature range of 100–400 °C. The methodology integrated electrochemical characterisation with microstructural and crystallographic analysis. Results revealed a progressive decline in passive film stability up to 300 °C, corresponding with reduced dislocation density and stress relaxation. However, at 400 °C, passive film performance improved significantly despite further residual stress reduction. This behaviour was linked to the start of microstructural recovery, dissolution of subgrain boundaries, and a redistribution of geometrically necessary dislocations
Hemisystems and strongly regular graphs
No full textIn a recent paper, it was constructed a family of hemisystems of H(3,p2), for every prime p of the form p=1+4a2, stabilised by PSL(2,p)×C[Formula presented]. In the case p=5, the full automorphism group is 3.A7, and the hemisystem is isomorphic to a sporadic one described by A. Cossidente and T. Penttila in 2005. Here, we investigate the new family of hemisystems and the related strongly regular graphs. In this way, we find a new family of strongly regular graphs, cospectral but not isomorphic to the Cossidente–Penttila graph
Trees use predominantly summer water in a pre-Alpine catchment
No full textUnderstanding the spatial and temporal origin of the water sources exploited by plants for transpiration is highly relevant for improving forest and water resource management under future drought conditions. However, little is known about the role of local factors (e.g., wetness conditions and topography) on the temporal origin of soil and plant waters. In this study, we used a 6-year isotopic dataset to investigate the seasonal origin of the water sources in a small headwater catchment in the Italian pre-Alps, assess how the seasonal origin of soil and plant
water varies under different wetness conditions (i.e., based on soil moisture data), and determine the role of topography (riparian zone vs. hillslope) and wetness conditions on water uptake by beech and chestnut trees.
Our results, based on the analysis of the seasonal origin index (SOI), highlighted a distinct temporal variability for all water sources, except for groundwater. A quick turnover of the waters in the catchment indicates that precipitation quickly replenishes the soil, is available for plant water uptake, and contributes to stream runoff. Interestingly, we found that beech and chestnut trees use water derived from summer precipitation, with negligible differences in the water uptake of riparian and hillslope trees. Seasonality in water fluxes and isotopes
in precipitation play a major role on SOI values of soil water and plant water compared to soil moisture. These results imply that in our catchment, during the growing season, trees and the stream primarily use young waters, even during dry years
On the computation of the infinity Wasserstein distance and the Wasserstein Projection Problem
Full text linkComputing the infinity Wasserstein distance and retrieving projections of a probability measure onto a closed subset of probability measures are critical sub-problems in various applied fields. However, the practical applicability of these objects is limited by two factors: either the associated quantities are computationally prohibitive or there is a lack of available algorithms capable of calculating them. In this paper, we propose a novel class of Linear Programming problems and a routine that allows us to compute the infinity Wasserstein distance and to compute a projection of a probability measure over a generic subset of probability measures with respect to any p-Wasserstein distance with p∈[1,∞]
Speech Perception
No full textHearing infants learn language through the speech signal they encounter in their environment. Understanding how they perceive speech thus holds the key to understanding language acquisition. The current chapter overviews some of the most important classical results on young infants’ speech perception abilities, then focuses on three areas, prenatal experience, perceptual narrowing and critical periods, where recent breakthroughs are transforming our understanding. The chapter discusses how perceptual abilities support the acquisition of the grammar and vocabulary of the native language(s)
