Rajesh Varma
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Prevalence of ovine fasciolosis and its associated risk factors: The case of in and around Bedele Town, Bunno Bedele Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
No full textBackground: Ethiopia is rich in sheep and goats, accounting for 63% of the income from financial production and 23% of the cost of food. However, this immense wealth potential has not been well exploited for the support of farmers and their contribution to the economy as a whole due to various factors such as diseases. Among these, fascioliasis is one of the most economically important parasitic diseases of farm animals, especially in sheep.Objectives: To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with ovine fasciolosis in the study area.Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with ovine fasciolosis in four randomly selected peasant associations in and around Bedele town by using standard fecal sedimentation techniques. Results: Out of a total of 384 sheep faecal samples processed and examined, 85 (22.1%) were positive for fasciolosis. Risk factors such as origin, age, sex, and body condition were also assessed for the occurrence of the disease. Accordingly; Shebe (26.4%) had a higher sheep fasciolosis, followed by Yabella (22.5%), Dabena Daru (20.8%), and Bedele 02 (17.5%) with no significant differences in peasant associations (p > 0.05). The prevalence rate under different body condition scores was recorded as poor (38.6%) compared to medium (22.3%), followed by good (16.3%). Similarly, infection was found to be among female (23%) and male (21%) sex groups; but had a statistically significant association (p < 0.05).Conclusion and Recommendations: Current research suggests that fasciolosis affecting sheep was a common parasitic disease in the study area, so control strategies should be developed to reduce the spread of infection.</p
Speed breeding to accelerate crop improvement
No full textGlobal food security has become a major issue as the human population grows and the environment changes, with the current rate of improvement of several important crops inadequate to meet future demand. Crop plants have extended generation times, which contributes to the slow rate of progress. However, speed breeding has revolutionized the entire world by reducing generation time and speeding up breeding and research programs to improve crop varieties. In the absence of an integrated pre-breeding program, breeding new and high-performing cultivars with market-preferred traits can take more than ten years. After the first cross with parental genotypes, a large amount of time, space, and resources are committed to the selection and genetic advancement stages during the early stages of breeding. Speed breeding has the ability to shorten the time it takes to develop, market, and commercialize cultivars. Crop improvement in the face of a fast-changing environment and an ever-increasing human population is a major concern for scientists around the world. Current crop enhancement projects are progressing at a rate that is insufficient to meet food demand. Crop redesign is urgently needed for climate resilience, as well as long-term yield and nutrition. Crop progress is slowed significantly by the long generation time required by crop plants during the breeding process. Speed breeding is now being used on a large scale to shorten generation time and support multiple crop generations per year as a solution in this approach. Researchers are now using an integrated approach to improve breeding efficiency, combining speed breeding with current plant breeding and genetic engineering methods. Speed breeding is a promising approach for achieving nutritional security and sustainable agriculture by shortening breeding cycles for food and industrial crop enhancement. Speed breeding is a methodology that allows plant breeders to improve crop production by adjusting temperature, light duration, and intensity to boost plant development. It uses an artificial source of light, which is kept on continuously, to activate the photosynthetic process, which leads to growth and reproduction much earlier than normal. This will assist in meeting the demands of the future’s rising population. This can be accomplished using a variety of technologies, including genotyping, marker-assisted selection, high throughput phenotyping; gene editing, genomic selection, and re-domestication, all of which can be combined with speed breeding to allow plant breeders to keep up with a changing climate and growing human population.</p
Assessment of oral health among elderly living in old age homes and within family set up in Bareilly city: A cross-sectional study
No full textIntroduction: Aging is a natural process but at the same time, the aging population has substantially increased. Socially this stage is considered the total of one lived experience. Materials and methods: The sample size has been 200 which is 100 in each group. Individuals beyond 60 years of age and who will be able to cooperate with the study were included in the study. World Health Organization oral health assessment form (2013) was used to record the oral health status of the subjects. The data were entered into an excel sheet and transferred to SPSS V. 21. for statistical analysis and Chi-square and ANOVA tests were done. Results: On assessment, 83 percent of old-age home residents and 68 percent from the family group did not have a periodontal pocket. Nonetheless, 12 percent of the individuals in a care home and 31% of the subjects in the family setting had pocket depths of 4-5 mm, while 1% of both groups had pocket depths of 6 mm. In comparison among elderly within the family set up and old age, homes reported a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (p < 0.001) Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that the institutionalized geriatric population suffers from a wide range of dental illnesses, the most frequent of which is dental caries. For the same, many of them require extensive treatment.</p
Future perspectives in nanomaterials for environmental and medical applications
No full textNanoscale materials are unique materials with outstanding properties when compared to their bulk counterparts hence their exploration, fabrication and applications have gained remarkable attention in various fields of human endeavors such as environment, medicine, and engineering, amongst others. </p
Factors influencing period poverty among female adolescent students in public secondary schools in EDE North, Osun State
No full textBackground: Period poverty, which includes a lack of access to menstrual products, can lead to poor menstrual hygiene by wearing pads or tampons for too long to manage what they have, absorbing menstrual blood with newspapers or dirty clothes, and not washing or washing the vagina with dirty water these unhealthy practices can lead to things like fungal infection, bacterial infection, yeast infection and Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs). Period poverty is a serious issue in Nigeria but is overlooked and understudied. The study assessed the level of period poverty among the respondents and the factors influencing period poverty.Methods: This study adopted a descriptive design to describe the factors associated with period poverty among public secondary school students in Ede, Osun state. A multistage sampling technique was used for the study. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were used to analyze the quantitative data, and the level of significance was α0.05.Results: The mean age was 14.2 ± 3.8 years. 29.8% were from JSS1, 25.3% were from JSS2, 25.0% were from SSS1, and 19.9% were from SSS2. Results revealed that the majority 79.5% experienced intense period poverty, 14.1% were rated average, and 6.4% experienced less intense period poverty. 72.4% had personal factors that can influence period poverty, while 27.6% had personal factors that might not influence period poverty. 70.6% gave responses that show the school having conditions that can contribute to period poverty while 29.4% gave responses that show the school having conditions that would not contribute to period poverty. 76.6% had background factors that could influence Period Poverty, while 23.4% had background factors that might not influence period poverty. Conclusion: Curbing these factors that influence (increase) the rate of period poverty would reduce its effects. </p
Zygomatic complex fractures in a Nigerian tertiary hospital: An update on the pattern of presentation and care
No full textAim: The Zygomatic complex [ZMC], being one of the most commonly fractured bones in the facial skeleton, is largely underreported in the literature. This study was designed to evaluate the pattern of fractures, symptomatology, and treatment modalities at our institution. Materials and methods: Information on patients’ sociodemographics, the pattern of fractures, symptomatology, radiologic diagnosis, and treatment modalities were accessed from patients’ records on our trauma register. Data collected was analyzed with SPSS 20 and the level of significance was set at p < 0.05.Results: A total of 105 patients aged 19-66 years had ZMC fractures during the study period. A male preponderance was observed [M: F = 3.8:1] and road traffic crashes [RTC] accounted for the majority of fractures [79.0%]. There was a statistically significant relationship between RTC and fractures among the age groups [X2 = 33.61, df = 5, p = 0.001]. Fractures at the zygomatico-frontal [ZF] and in combination with zygomaticomaxillary [ZM] sutures were the commonest finding on imaging [39.1% % 28.6% respectively]. Subconjunctival and circumorbital ecchymosis [92.4% and 91.4% respectively] were the commonest symptomatology. Eighty four patients (80 %) were managed via surgical intervention and the most commonly employed surgical modality was mini plates [1.0mm] fixation across either ZF [n = 33, 39.3%] or ZM [n = 21, 25.0%] suture lines.Conclusion: This study revealed that RTC remains a major aetiology of ZMC fractures and mini plate ostheosynthesis was the mainstay of surgical management. Enforcement of road safety regulations on speed and the use of protective measures by road users is imperative.</p
Enhancing maize yield in Ethiopia a meta-analysis
No full textAccurate nitrogen (N) fertilization and optimum plant density increase crop yields. In this study, I report the effects of N fertilization rate and plant density on maize yield in a meta-analysis, by using observations from 15 studies conducted in Ethiopia since the 2000s for possible refinement of N fertilizer and plant density recommendations. I assessed the response of maize to different N rates ha−1 compared to the control using the yield response approach. Application of N fertilizer significantly increased maize yields by 31.5% - 65.9% compared to control. plant density increased maize yields by 42% - 72.4% compared to the control. The interaction effect of the N rate increased maize yields by 27.6% - 95.9%, with Plant density, 58.7% - 152% on loam soil, compared to control yield. The interaction effect of Plant density with soil type increased maize yields by 47% - 108% on loam soil. In conclusion, the grain yield of maize increased with increasing N rate and plant density up to the optimum. Therefore, it’s possible to recommend using a high N rate with both low and medium plant density (< 45,000 plants ha-1) and (45,000 to 65,000plants ha-1) to harvest high grain yield. </p
Review on comparative genome mapping in crop improvement
No full textComparative genomics is the study of the similarities and differences in the structure and function of hereditary information across taxa. The objective of this study was to highlight the role of comparative mapping in crop improvement. Hence, the study encompasses comparative genomics over the past two decades, multiple investigations of many additional taxa have delivered two broad messages: multiple investigations of many additional taxa have delivered two broad messages: In most plants, the evolution of the small but essential portion of the genome that actually encodes the organism’s genes has proceeded relatively slowly; as a result, taxa that have been reproductively isolated for millions of years have retained recognizable intragenic DNA sequences as well as similar arrangements of genes along the chromosomes. A wide range of factors, such as ancient chromosomal or segmental duplications, mobility of DNA sequences, gene deletion, and localized rearrangements, has been superimposed on the relatively slow tempo of chromosomal evolution. Comparative genomics is the study of the similarities and differences in the structure and function of hereditary information across taxa. The objective of this study was to highlight the role of comparative mapping in crop improvement. Hence, the study encompasses comparative genomics over the past two decades, multiple investigations of many additional taxa have delivered two broad messages: multiple investigations of many additional taxa have delivered two broad messages: In most plants, the evolution of the small but essential portion of the genome that actually encodes the organism’s genes has proceeded relatively slowly; as a result, taxa that have been reproductively isolated for millions of years have retained recognizable intragenic DNA sequences as well as similar arrangements of genes along the chromosomes. A wide range of factors, such as ancient chromosomal or segmental duplications, mobility of DNA sequences, gene deletion, and localized rearrangements, has been superimposed on the relatively slow tempo of chromosomal evolution.</p
The mysterious extravillous trophoblast
No full textExtravilluos Trophoblast (EVT) is a truly special cell. It has a temporary character and tumor-like behavior and tumor-like appearance, all of which seem to belong to the malignancy field [1,2]. It is also known as intermediate trophoblast, derived from cytotrophoblast [3-5], having formed between the latter and the syncytiotrophoblast.</p
Gelatinous peritoneal disease secondary to appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinoma: a case study and review of the literature
No full textPseudomyxoma peritonei also referred to as gelatinous ascites, is a rare disorder, described for the first time by R. Wyerth in 1884. It is characterized by the presence of mucous disseminated throughout the peritoneal cavity generally arising from the rupture of an appendicular mucocele. Pseudomyxoma peritonei can be asymptomatic, discovered during a laparotomy. The most common symptom is abdominal distension associated with diffuse abdominal pain. An abdominal CT scan is the most specific diagnostic tool. It shows pathognomonic signs of gelatinous ascites. Mucinous neoplasms of the appendix are the most frequent cause of pseudomyxoma peritonei accounting for 90% of cases. Pseudomyxoma peritonei needs to be considered as a borderline malignant disease because of its inevitable persistence and progression without an adapted therapeutic approach: cytoreductive surgery combined with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy in specialized centers. The principal prognostic factors are the prior surgical history, the completeness of cytoreduction and especially the histopathologic grade.We report the case of pseudomyxoma peritonei secondary to appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinoma.</p