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Innovazione del Modello di Business e Dynamic Capabilities per l'Economia Circolare: un approccio mixed-method
No full textLe sfide ambientali hanno reso il modello dell’economia circolare centrale sia per le imprese che per i policymakers. Per questo motivo, la ricerca manageriale si è sempre più concentrata su questo argomento, dando vita a un filone di ricerca volto a comprendere la transizione verso modelli di business circolari. Questa ricerca si propone di esplorare la transizione sia a livello organizzativo che inter-organizzativo. Infatti, la letteratura esistente sottolinea che le aziende non possono raggiungere la circolarità da sole, ma devono fare affidamento su collaborazioni inter-organizzative. Questo studio, composto di tre parti, approfondisce le attività ed i processi che le imprese implementano per rendere circolari i loro modelli di business ed indaga le dynamic capabilities necessarie.
La prima parte, intitolata “Rethinking dynamic capabilities in light of sustainability: a bibliometric analysis”, esamina la letteratura precedente sulle dynamic capabilities sostenibili. Utilizzando un approccio bibliometrico, abbiamo analizzato 602 articoli dal gennaio 2002 al maggio 2023 per fornire una panoramica dell’evoluzione teorica ed empirica del tema e identificare futuri percorsi di ricerca. I risultati mostrano che il framework delle dynamic capabilities è efficace per comprendere l’integrazione della sostenibilità nelle strategie aziendali, aprendo nuove prospettive, come il coinvolgimento degli stakeholder. In generale, osserviamo un crescente interesse nel riconcettualizzare le dynamic capabilities, con riferimento all’identificazione di nuove micro-foundations ed al livello di analisi. In particolare, abbiamo notato un passaggio dal livello organizzativo a quello inter-organizzativo, comune nella ricerca sull’economia circolare. La ricerca futura dovrebbe esplorare nuovi contesti - come nuove industrie - ed enfatizzare la dimensione sociale della sostenibilità, che ad oggi risulta ancora poco integrata.
La seconda parte, intitolata “The interplay between circular business models and digitalisation: a cross-sectoral analysis”, è un'indagine empirica basata sui rapporti di sostenibilità di 104 aziende incluse nel DJS Index Europe. Utilizzando Leximancer per l’analisi automatizzata dei contenuti, i nostri risultati mostrano che, nonostante l'interesse crescente per l'economia circolare, il legame tra digitalizzazione e circolarità è ancora poco sviluppato nelle grandi aziende europee. Inoltre, attraverso un'analisi settoriale, abbiamo trovato diversi livelli di progresso tra i settori a causa di fattori specifici come l’attività, le strutture, la normativa ed il know-how. Infine, questo articolo identifica la collaborazione tra aziende come fondamentale per creare modelli di business circolari guidati dalla digitalizzazione ed avanza la conoscenza sugli ecosistemi circolari.
La terza parte, intitolata “Resource-based circular economy ecosystem as the locus of circular value creation: the role of a firm acting as a platform”, è uno studio di caso su un'azienda parte di un ecosistema circolare. I nostri risultati identificano che gli ecosistemi circolari sono fondati sulle risorse. Questo attributo offre una caratterizzazione più precisa degli ecosistemi circolari come forma organizzativa radicata nelle risorse (rifiuti e sottoprodotti) che diventano un elemento in grado di influenzare i processi manageriali. In secondo luogo, evidenziamo che gli ecosistemi circolari diventano il locus della creazione di valore circolare (collettivo), estendendo il costrutto del modello di business a un livello supra-organizzativo. Infine, sosteniamo che gli ecosistemi circolari richiedono piattaforme aziendali che favoriscono l'azione imprenditoriale orchestrando gli attori coinvolti e le loro risorse.Due to environmental challenges - such as climate change and resource depletion - circular economy pattern has gained popularity among politicians and businesspeople as a powerful tool for a more sustainable future. For this reason, managerial research has increasingly focused on this topic resulting in a research stream aimed at understanding the transition towards circular business models. This research aims to explore the transition at both an organizational and inter-organizational levels. Indeed, previous literature emphasizes that companies cannot achieve circularity on their own but must rely on inter-organizational collaborations. Specifically, this study seeks to understand the activities and processes firms implement to make their business models circular and to investigate the dynamic capabilities needed. This research is composed of three parts.
The first part, entitled “Rethinking dynamic capabilities in light of sustainability: a bibliometric analysis”, reviews previous literature on sustainable dynamic capabilities. Using a bibliometric approach, we analyzed 602 papers from January 2002 to May 2023 to provide an overview of the theoretical and empirical evolution of the topic and identify future research paths. Results show that the dynamic capabilities framework is effective for understanding the integration of sustainability within business strategies while opening new perspectives, such as stakeholder engagement. Overall, we observe an increasing interest in reconceptualizing dynamic capabilities with reference to the identification of new micro-foundations and the level of analysis. Precisely, we observed a shift from the organizational to inter-organizational level, common in circular economy research. Future research should explore new contexts - such as new industries - and emphasize the understudied social dimension of sustainability.
The second part, entitled “The interplay between circular business models and digitalisation: a cross-sectoral analysis”, is an empirical investigation based on sustainability reports of 104 companies included in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index Europe. Using Leximancer for automated content analysis, our results show that, despite the growing interest in the circular economy, the link between digitalisation and circularity is still underdeveloped in large European companies. Additionally, through a cross-sectoral analysis, we also found different levels of progress across sectors due to industry-specific factors like activities, structures, regulations, and know-how. Finally, this paper identifies inter-firm collaboration as key to creating digitalisation-driven circular business models and advance knowledge on circular economy ecosystems.
The third part, entitled “Resource-based circular economy ecosystem as the locus of circular value creation: the role of a firm acting as a platform”, is a single case study on a company that created and managed a circular economy ecosystem. Our findings identify a resource-based attribute that offers a more precise characterization of circular economy ecosystems as an organizational form rooted in resources (waste and by-products) that become an element influencing managerial processes. Second, we found that circular economy ecosystems become the locus of (collective) circular value creation, extending the business model construct to a supra-organizational level to identify the business model of the ecosystem as a more appropriate perspective for discussing circular economy. Finally, we assert that circular economy ecosystems require firm-platforms as that foster entrepreneurial action by orchestrating actors and their resources
Vaccinazioni in gravidanza: analisi delle caratteristiche sociodemografiche e assistenziali delle donne che hanno aderito all’offerta vaccinale contro la pertosse in Emilia-Romagna dal 2017 al 2022
No full textIntroduzione
La pertosse ha elevata morbosità principalmente nei neonati,
a rischio di complicanze gravi e potenzialmente letali come
polmonite, encefalopatia e ipertensione polmonare. Dal 2017
la vaccinazione trivalente (difterite-tetano-pertosse acellulare)
è obbligatoria per i nuovi nati (L.119/2017) e raccomandata
per le gravide nel terzo trimestre, preferibilmente tra 27+0 e
32+6 settimane, per proteggere il neonato (PNPV 2023-2025).
Scopo dello studio è descrivere l’adesione alla vaccinazione
antipertussica delle donne che hanno partorito in Emilia-
Romagna, analizzandone caratteristiche sociodemografiche e
assistenziali.
Metodi
A livello regionale è stato effettuato un record linkage tra flussi
sanitari correnti relativi ai dati provenienti dall’anagrafe vaccinale
regionale (AVR-rt) e certificati di assistenza al parto (CedAP)
nel periodo 2017-2022. Per valutare l’epoca gestazionale
al momento della vaccinazione è stato calcolato il periodo
tra la data di esecuzione del vaccino e la data di concepimento
intesa come differenza tra data di parto e giorni di gestazione.
È stata condotta una regressione logistica multivariata per
identificare fattori associati alla adesione vaccinale (Odds ratio,
OR; intervallo di confidenza IC 95%).
Risultati
La popolazione in studio, pari al numero di donne che hanno
partorito in Emilia-Romagna nel periodo 2017-2022 è stata di
185.650. La quota di gestanti vaccinate è aumentata progressivamente
da 7,2% nel 2017 a 60,8% nel 2022, senza subire
flessioni durante il periodo pandemico. Anche la quota di
vaccinazioni effettuate nel periodo gestazionale indicato come
più appropriato è cresciuta nel corso degli anni in esame fino a
raggiungere l’84,2% nel 2022.
L’analisi multivariata rileva che, al netto degli altri confondenti,
la probabilità di vaccinarsi è maggiore fra le nullipare, le
donne di età ≥ 35 anni, italiane, con scolarità elevata. Le donneseguite dal servizio privato aderiscono in misura minore alla
proposta vaccinale rispetto alle donne seguite dal servizio pubblico (OR: 0.83; IC 95% 0.81-0.85).
Conclusioni
L’adesione alla vaccinazione antipertosse in gravidanza in
Emilia-Romagna dal 2017 ha avuto un aumento significativo
ma si può fare ancora molto per ridurre l’esitazione vaccinale.
È auspicabile il potenziamento della formazione e l’aggiornamento degli operatori sanitari su un tema così importante di Sanità Pubblica, l’attuazione di strategie per raggiungere i gruppi con una minor adesione ai programmi di prevenzione a causa di barriere socioculturali e linguistiche; la chiamata attiva è un presidio particolarmente efficace per il raggiungimento di queste popolazioni. Un dato incoraggiante è rappresentato dalla maggiore compliance alla vaccinazione per le donne seguite dal servizio pubblico, presso ambulatori dedicati con personale adeguatamente formato per il counselling vaccinale
Effectiveness of dolutegravir-based vs boosted darunavir-based first-line 3-drug regimens in people with HIV with advanced disease: a trial emulation
Get PDFBackground: No randomized comparisons exist between dolutegravir (DTG) and boosted-darunavir (DRV/b) for people initiating treatment with advanced HIV. Methods: ART-naïve people with HIV (PWH) with CD4 <200 cells/mm3 or AIDS who started a first-line three-drug regimen with DTG or DRV/b were included. The primary outcome was a composite endpoint of newly diagnosed AIDS, serious non-AIDS events (SNAE), death, virological failure (VF) or discontinuation of the anchor drug due to failure or toxicity. A marginal structural Cox regression model was used to estimate the effect of starting DTG vs DRV/b-based regimens. Results: A total of 1,323 advanced ART-naïve PWH were included, 895 starting DTG and 428 DRV/b. The unweighted risks of the composite endpoint by 48 months were 21.1% (95% CI: 18.1;24.1%) for DTG versus 37.9% (95% CI: 32.7;43.2%) for DRV/b (p<0.001). First-line treatment with DTG showed a lower risk of experiencing the composite endpoint than DRV/b (wHR of DTG vs DRV/b 0.47, 95% CI: 0.35;0.64, p<0.001). Conclusion: Under the stated assumptions, this analysis indicates that in ART-naïve PWH with advanced disease, ART initiation with DTG vs. DRV/b-based regimens leads to a 50% reduction in the risk of AIDS/SNAE/death/VF/discontinuation. This observed difference is partly explained by discontinuation of the anchor drug
Design for Additive Manufacturing of Lattice Structures for Functional Integration of Thermal Management and Shock Absorption
Get PDFDesign optimization through the integration of multiple functions into a single part is a highly effective strategy to reduce costs, simplify assembly, improve performance, and reduce weight. Additive manufacturing facilitates the production of complex structures by allowing parts consolidation, resulting in optimized designs, where multiple functions are integrated into a single component. This study presents a design for additive manufacturing method for integrating multiple lattice structures to achieve thermal management and shock absorption functions. The method follows modeling and simulation phases for dimensioning and optimizing solutions to deliver the design functions at different macro- and mesoscale levels. Hierarchical complexity was leveraged to design the two-levels structure in a single part, each delivering a specific function. Specifically, the external layer addresses energy absorption and thermal insulation, while the internal layer acts as a thermal battery by incorporating a phase change material. The design of a container carried by an unmanned aerial vehicle for the transport of healthcare and biological materials is presented. The container is shock-resistant and can maintain the content at 4 ± 2 °C for at least 1 h. As it operates passively without the need for additional energy-consuming devices, it is easy to operate and contributes to increased flight autonomy. A flight mission experiment for urgent transport of blood bags confirmed the capability of the container to preserve blood integrity. This case study demonstrates that the two-layer lattice structure design represents a highly efficient approach to multifunctional design optimization. © 2025 by the authors
Unusual Reaction of Isocyanides with Aromatic Aldehydes Catalyzed by a Supramolecular Capsule
Get PDFThe supramolecular resorcinarene hexameric capsule efficiently promotes the unprecedented reaction between isocyanides and electron-deficient aromatic aldehydes leading to the formation of imines and carbon monoxide. The mechanism of the reaction was investigated via isotope labelling, kinetic analysis of the reaction, computational studies and the independent synthesis of a proposed intermediate. Control experiments indicate that the formation of the key aziridinone intermediate is limited to the cavity of the capsule
Probing additives for green lubricants with the aid of machine learning molecular dynamics: The case of gallate molecules for aqueous solutions
Get PDFPalynology for Sustainability: A Classical and Versatile Tool for New Challenges—Recent Progress
Get PDFThe Herbarium of Comedy Dante's flora between medieval scientia plantarum and symbolic interpretation
No full textTransport coefficients from equilibrium molecular dynamics
Get PDFThe determination of transport coefficients through the time-honored Green-Kubo theory of linear response and equilibrium molecular dynamics requires significantly longer simulation times than those of equilibrium properties while being further hindered by the lack of well-established data-analysis techniques to evaluate the statistical accuracy of the results. Leveraging recent advances in the spectral analysis of the current time series associated with molecular trajectories, we introduce a new method to estimate the full (diagonal as well as off-diagonal) Onsager matrix of transport coefficients from a single statistical model. This approach, based on the knowledge of the statistical distribution of the Onsager-matrix samples in the frequency domain, unifies the evaluation of diagonal (conductivities and viscosities) and off-diagonal (e.g., thermoelectric) transport coefficients within a comprehensive framework, significantly improving the reliability of transport coefficient estimation for materials ranging from molten salts to solid-state electrolytes. We validate the accuracy of this method against existing approaches using benchmark data on molten cesium fluoride and liquid water and conclude our presentation with the computation of various transport coefficients of the Li3PS4 solid-state electrolyte. (c) 2025 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Sustainability-Oriented Innovation in the Textile Manufacturing Industry: Pre-Consumer Waste Recovery and Circular Patterns
Get PDFThe textile manufacturing industry is energy- and water-intensive, and has
a great impact on the environment. Sustainability-oriented innovation can support the
transition of the textile sector towards a circular economy. This review investigates how the
textile manufacturing chain can benefit from sustainability-driven innovation strategies to
achieve the main circular economy goals. The review was conducted using the Scopus and
Web of Science scientific databases, and it addresses material, process, and organizational
innovations and covers the 2015–2024 time window. Five main areas of innovation emerged
from the retrieved papers, including digitalization, the need for innovative product and
process design and sustainable raw materials, the use of textile waste as new raw material
outside the textile value chain, waste recovery within the value chain and environmental
remediation, and organizational innovation. The innovative solutions analyzed improve
the sustainability of the textile manufacturing industry and enable the achievement of
circular economy goals. Finally, we discuss some concerns about the introduction of the
suggested innovations, including the need to apply design principles for recyclability and
durability while studying the feasibility of adopting novel materials