University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
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On transformative relaying: Some notes on mediating practices in mediators’ work in Italian public healthcare
No full textThe notion of ‘mediation’ has been used in dialogue interpreting research to address those features of the interpreting work which were not easily explainable in terms of translation proper, including adaptation in language and cultural perspectives (Pöchhacker 2008). The word ‘mediation’ however comes from studies on conflict mediation and includes the idea of managing disputes, an activity that is not part of dialogue interpreting. The choice made by some public services, particularly in Italian health care, to employ ‘intercultural mediators’ for their interpreting activities has further contributed to give extra meaning to the notion of mediation in interpreting, now increasingly conveying that mediating means addressing different, and potentially conflictive, cultural features and perspectives. In this paper we get back to the idea of mediation, as intended in conflict mediation, and compare mediation practices found in interactional studies of dispute resolutions (by Garcia 1995; 2019) with practices used by intercultural mediators providing interpreting service in Italian healthcare institutions. We analyse a selection of 400 mediator-interpreted encounters in women’s health with North and West African women speaking respectively Maghrebin Arabic and English as a second language. Our findings suggest that practices used in dispute resolutions and healthcare interpreting do have features in common and that these features do not have to do with emerging conflict (cultural or otherwise), rather with facilitating talk between parties
Physiopathology of exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
No full textAcute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ECOPD) represent crucial events in the natural history of the disease. These are mainly characterized by abrupt worsening of respiratory symptoms, i.e. dyspnea, cough, sputum production. Defined by GOLD initiative as acute symptom deterioration requiring additional therapy, ECOPD markedly worsen lung function and strong clinical outcomes of any patient
involved. Pathobiology is multidimensional, arising from inflammatory, mechanical,
and cardiovascular perturbations that are linked each other and are likely to generate a self-reinforcing cycle of respiratory derangement and/or failure. Indeed, lung inflammation and injuries intensify airflow limitation, which in turn promotes air trapping and dynamic hyperinflation, increases elastic loads, and predisposes to respiratory muscle dysfunction. The resulting alterations of the blood gases may lead to even severe respiratory system failure and to a increased risk of dead
Genealogies of The Political Consultant. The Path of The Professionalization of Political Communication Between History of Marketing and Sociology
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the roots of the figure of the political consultant, and to reconstruct the beginning of modern age of political marketing. The paper aims to design a genealogy of those processes in between historiography and sociology, according three main interpretation lines: the role of Americanization exporting in Europe also the technicalities of political marketing; the evolution of full-time professionalism in political consultancy; and the issue of status
and collective identity of this profession, particularly related to the evolution of technologies applied to consensus-building
Real-world effectiveness of PARP inhibitors after CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy in BRCA-mutated HR-positive/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer
No full textPoly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are established as standard-of-care therapy for patients with hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer (HR+/HER2− aBC) who harbor germline BRCA1/2 likely pathogenic or pathogenic variants (LP/PV). However, the real-world efficacy of PARPi following tumor progression on first-line (1 L) cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) in combination with endocrine therapy (ET) remains inadequately explored. In this cohort of 81 patients with HR+/HER2− aBC harboring germline BRCA LP/PV, 64 (79%) received 1 L treatment with CDK4/6i plus ET. Considering the subsequent therapy administered after tumor progression on 1 L CDK4/6i, patients treated with PARPi showed a significantly longer median real-world PFS (11.8 months) compared to those receiving ET, monochemotherapy, or polychemotherapy. This benefit was confirmed in a multivariable analysis, supporting PARPi as the preferred option in eligible patients. Our findings suggest that PARPi should be prioritized in the post-CDK4/6i treatment sequence for BRCA LP/PV carriers with HR+/HER2 aBC and highlight the critical role of germline BRCA testing
Why utopia?
No full textLa rilevanza dello sguardo utopico per una riflessione critica sull'età contemporane
AZIM: Arabic-Centric Zero-Shot Inference for Multilingual Topic Modeling With Enhanced Performance on Summarized Text
No full textTopic modeling is an unsupervised learning technique, that is extensively used for discovering latent topics in huge text corpora. However, existing models often fall short in cross-lingual scenarios, particularly for morphologically rich and low-resource languages such as Arabic. Cross-lingual topic analysis extracts shared topics across languages but often relies on resource-intensive datasets or limited translation dictionaries, restricting its diversity and effectiveness. Transfer learning provides a promising solution to these challenges. This presents AZIM, an Arabic-centric extension of ZeroShotTM, adapted to use Arabic as the training language for zero-shot multilingual topic modeling. The model’s performance is evaluated across diverse Latin-script and non-Latin-script languages, focusing on its adaptability to Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and Classical Arabic (CA). Additionally, the study explores the impact of summarized versus general text. The results illustrate that the summarized versions of the datasets consistently outperform their baselines in terms of interpretability and coherence. Furthermore, the model also illustrates robust cross-lingual generalization as shown by non-Latin scripts such as Persian and Urdu outperforming certain Latin-based languages. However, variations in performance between the languages show the complex nature of multilingual embeddings. The performance difference between Modern Standard Arabic and Classical Arabic reveals that the limitations of the pre-trained embeddings, namely, their bias towards modern corpora. These findings point out the importance of adapting techniques for morphologically rich and low-resource languages for the purpose of enhancing the cross-lingual topic modeling
Occupational therapy in rehabilitation of complex patients: protocol for a superiority randomized controlled trial
No full textPatient-centered, interprofessional occupational therapy is feasible in complex patients in the early phase of rehabilitation, and it contributes to meet needs in the domains of self-care, productivity, and leisure, promoting social role. We planned this single-center single-blind two-arm parallel individual patient randomized controlled trial, to verify the superiority of interprofessional experimental occupational therapy (EOT) compared to standard rehabilitation (SR) in producing higher levels of patients’ social participation assessed by the Reintegration to Normal Living Index. EOT is a patient-centered, hospital/home-based rehabilitation intervention based on the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement. This appropriately powered study will provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of EOT on the recovery of social participation in the critical transition of complex patients from hospital to the home setting
ENIGMA-Meditation: Worldwide consortium for neuroscientific investigations of meditation practices
Get PDF: Meditation is a family of ancient and contemporary contemplative mind-body practices that can modulate psychological processes, awareness, and mental states. Over the last 40 years, clinical science has manualised meditation practices and designed various meditation interventions (MIs), that have shown therapeutic efficacy for disorders including depression, pain, addiction, and anxiety. Over the past decade, neuroimaging has examined the neuroscientific basis of meditation practices, effects, states, and outcomes for clinical and non-clinical populations. However, the generalizability and replicability of current neuroscientific models of meditation are yet to be established, as they are largely based on small datasets entrenched with heterogeneity along several domains of meditation (e.g., practice types, meditation experience, clinical disorder targeted), experimental design, and neuroimaging methods (e.g., preprocessing, analysis, task-based, resting-state, structural MRI). These limitations have precluded a nuanced and rigorous neuroscientific phenotyping of meditation practices and their potential benefits. Here, we present ENIGMA-Meditation, the first worldwide collaborative consortium for neuroscientific investigations of meditation practices. ENIGMA-Meditation will enable systematic meta- and mega-analyses of globally distributed neuroimaging datasets of meditation using shared, standardized neuroimaging methods and tools to improve statistical power and generalizability. Through this powerful collaborative framework, existing neuroscientific accounts of meditation practices can be extended to generate novel and rigorous neuroscientific insights, accounting for multi-domain heterogeneity. ENIGMA-Meditation will inform neuroscientific mechanisms underlying therapeutic action of meditation practices on psychological and cognitive attributes, advancing the field of meditation and contemplative neuroscience
