University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
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Yin–Yang NAC sharing: Full-thickness split graft from a single NAC for bilateral immediate reconstruction after skin-reducing mastectomy
No full textNipple-areola complex (NAC) reconstruction significantly contributes to postmastectomy body image and patient satisfaction. While nipple sharing has been described in delayed settings, its application in immediate reconstruction after skin-reducing mastectomy (SRM) is limited. We report the case of a 32-year-old BRCA1+ patient undergoing bilateral SRM with immediate implant-based reconstruction, in which a novel Yin-Yang nipple grafting technique was performed using the hypertrophic contralateral nipple. The donor nipple was harvested as a full-thickness nonvascularized graft, divided along a curved Yin-Yang fashion, and both halves were reshaped and grafted bilaterally to create two circular, natural-looking NACs. At the 6-month follow-up, the grafts showed complete take, satisfactory projection, and pigmentation. This report illustrates the feasibility and limitations of one-stage NAC reconstruction using a non-vascularized nipple graft technique in a selected patient undergoing SRM. (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Medial Sural Artery Perforator Flap for Tongue and Oral Cavity Reconstruction With Native Tongue Tip Preservation: Report of Three Cases
No full textAsymmetric growth of strike-slip faults controlled by 3-D fault structure: Insights from the Mw 7.8 2023 Kahramanmaraş (Turkey) earthquake
No full textThe reactivation of deep-seated, throughgoing strike-slip faults produces highly segmented fault zones at shallower levels, yet how displacement is partitioned among segments as the fault grows remains poorly constrained. We address this by examining a ∼160-m-long section of the East Anatolian fault surface rupture of the Mw 7.8 2023 Kahramanmaraş strike-slip earthquake (Turkey). The rupture offsets meter-spaced ridges and furrows in a ploughed field, providing a unique opportunity for detailed displacement measurements, which were obtained from an orthophoto and a digital elevation model (DEM) built for this study. The surface rupture consists of ten primary segments separated by nine restraining stepovers and is associated with a 3-D strain field dominated by ∼3.5 m of left-lateral offset. Displacement patterns allow us to derive a new model for strike-slip fault growth in which deformation is asymmetric and controlled by the 3-D structure of the fault—specifically, by the position of the underlying fault relative to shallow fault segments. Initially, displacement is accommodated by contraction within restraining stepovers. With increasing displacement, fault segments located closer to the trace of the underlying fault consistently accumulate greater displacement. This asymmetry is facilitated by enhanced synthetic rotation within stepovers. With further displacement, the higher-displacement segment bounding a stepover becomes dominant, while the other one is bypassed and layer rotation ceases. These results not only improve fault growth models but could also inform seismic hazard models and impact industrial applications dealing with subsurface faulted reservoirs
Robotic liver transplantation: University of modena experience
No full textIntroduction: Minimally invasive techniques for solid organ transplantation are well established in kidney transplantation, whereas progress in liver transplantation (LT) has been comparatively slower. The transition to a fully minimally invasive approach for LT has required a gradual, stepwise development, significantly accelerated by the introduction of robotic technology. We herein report the largest series of whole graft robotic liver transplantation and provide preliminary observations. Methods: This study is a retrospective, single-arm, single-center analysis of patients who underwent fully robotic total hepatectomy followed by robotic liver transplantation (RLT) between January and December 2024. The primary aim was to assess short-term outcomes, including the incidence of complications, early allograft failure (EAF) using the EASE score, primary non-function (PNF), and both graft and patient survival. Results: Ten patients underwent RLT in the study period. Median age of the recipients in the study group was 63 (56-71), with a median BMI of 26 Kg/m2 (range 21-32) and 80% of ASA score of 2. Median MELD was 8.5 (6-25), 80% of the cases were in Child class A, 40% had a clinically significant portal hypertension. No cases of high-grade morbidity (Clavien >3a) occurred at 30 days, nor readmissions. After a median follow-up of 10.6 months all patients are alive and in good general conditions, graft survival is 100% and liver function is optimal in all cases. Conclusions: The robotic approach to liver transplantation has demonstrated feasibility and promising short-term outcomes. However, extended follow-up is required to confirm these results over the long term with the aim to confirm outcomes comparable to benchmark results of open transplantation
Collaborative networks for migrant support: a case study on the role of civil society organization in marginalized urban contexts
No full textAdministering Justice. Muratori and the Defects of Jurisprudence
No full textIn addition to his degree in Philosophy and Arts (1692), L.A. Muratori also obtained a degree in Law in 1694. He never practiced any legal profession but, on several occasions, he had the chance to put his legal knowledge to use. For example, after Emperor Joseph I invaded Comacchio in 1708, he identified the legal foundations of the Emperor and the duke of Modena’s claims on a territory that the Church had annexed to its State since 1598 (Piena esposizione dei diritti imperiali ed estensi sopra la città di Comacchio, 1712). But the legal work with the greatest resonance was undoubtedly Dei difetti della giurisprudenza (1742), in which Muratori harshly criticized the legal culture of the time and, above all, the discretion of judges in the administration of justice. The amount of interpretations and opinions on the one hand and the gaps and contradictions of the law in force on the other, not only lengthened indefinitely the duration of trials, but made sentences unpredictable. The reform he proposed included the promulgation of «a small new code of laws» regarding the most controversial topics that a commission of jurists, appointed by the sovereign, had to draw up. Further reform proposals addressed to the sovereign are described in Muratori’s last work before his death, Della pubblica felicità, oggetto de’ buoni principi (1749)
Multimodal-Conditioned Latent Diffusion Models for Fashion Image Editing
No full textFashion illustration is a crucial medium for designers to convey their creative vision and transform design concepts into tangible representations that showcase the interplay between clothing and the human body. In the context of fashion design, computer vision techniques have the potential to enhance and streamline the design process. Departing from prior research primarily focused on virtual try-on, this paper tackles the task of multimodal-conditioned fashion image editing. Our approach aims to generate human-centric fashion images guided by multimodal prompts, including text, human body poses, garment sketches, and fabric textures. To address this problem, we propose extending latent diffusion models to incorporate these multiple modalities and modifying the structure of the denoising network, taking multimodal prompts as input. To condition the proposed architecture on fabric textures, we employ textual inversion techniques and let diverse cross-attention layers of the denoising network attend to textual and texture information, thus incorporating different granularity conditioning details. Given the lack of datasets for the task, we extend two existing fashion datasets, Dress Code and VITON-HD, with multimodal annotations. Experimental evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach in terms of realism and coherence concerning the provided multimodal inputs
Valorisation of gilthead seabream by-products through recovery of antimicrobial proteins for active biopolymer formulations
No full text: In the seafish sector, industrial processing and by-catch currently lead to the waste of over 36 % of global fish production by weight. This is largely due to insufficient revalorization of by-products and the underdevelopment of sustainable practices to manage these discarded volumes, which are often disposed of or released into the environment, contributing to pollution. In this study, antimicrobial proteins were extracted from fish by-products for incorporation into biopolymer formulations. Specifically, the focus was on lysozyme, which was targeted using a molecular-proteomic approach. Protein extractions were conducted at various pH levels from Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) tissues (skin with scales and mucus, liver, and intestine) normally discarded during processing, to assess recovery of proteins from the selected tissues. The extracted proteins were separated using mild ion-exchange chromatography, followed by quantification and qualitative analysis via SDS-PAGE. The expression levels of lysozyme types -g and -c were quantified through Real-Time qPCR. The antimicrobial activity of the extracted proteins was assessed against Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria using a Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) assay. The proteins were subsequently incorporated into biodegradable film-forming solutions based on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/chitosan and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/guar gum mixtures. These films were further tested against the same human pathogens. The results demonstrate the feasibility of extracting proteins from fish by-products using a non-targeted buffer pH extraction approach, which, even without further chromatographic purification, exhibited promising intrinsic antimicrobial activity for potential applications in the food industry
Metodologie innovative per la sintesi di monomeri e polimeri biobased
No full textQuesta tesi presenta lo sviluppo e l'ottimizzazione di percorsi sintetici per la conversione di molecole bioderivate in unità monomeriche, in linea con l'obiettivo di ricerca sui materiali sostenibili del nostro gruppo. Il lavoro è suddiviso in due aree principali: la sintesi di monomeri stirenici e stirenici-simili per la polimerizzazione radicalica a trasferimento di atomi (ATRP) e la preparazione di dioli aromatici come potenziali alternative a bassa tossicità al bisfenolo A in resine epossidiche bicomponenti. Particolare attenzione è stata posta su quest'ultima, condotta in collaborazione con Litokol S.p.A., sponsor parziale del progetto.
I materiali di partenza sono stati selezionati in base al costo e alla potenziale applicabilità industriale. Le strategie sintetiche hanno privilegiato processi ecocompatibili, utilizzando substrati come vanillina e guaiacolo.
I monomeri stirenici sono stati sintetizzati da idrossibenzaldeidi tramite la reazione di Knoevenagel-Doebner. La vanillina si è dimostrata particolarmente efficace, consentendo di ottenere il monomero 4-VGA in rese elevate con un processo semplificato. È stata esplorata la polimerizzazione radicalica controllata (tramite varie tecniche ATRP) del 4-VGA, supportata da modelli cinetici per studiare l'influenza delle variabili di processo sul comportamento della polimerizzazione.
La seconda parte del lavoro si è concentrata sulla sintesi di dioli aromatici mediante ossidazione, accoppiamento ossidativo e sostituzione elettrofila aromatica. Queste reazioni hanno prodotto nuovi analoghi del bisfenolo di origine biologica, derivati da vanillina e guaiacolo, con una tossicità potenzialmente inferiore rispetto ai bisfenoli derivati dal petrolio. I percorsi di sintesi sono stati valutati in base a parametri di chimica verde, scalabilità (fino a decine di grammi) e fattibilità economica. I dioli risultanti sono stati successivamente glicidilati per produrre monomeri epossidici. Nel complesso, questo lavoro fornisce uno screening comparativo delle sintesi di monomeri di origine biologica, identifica i percorsi più promettenti per una potenziale industrializzazione, stabilisce protocolli di sintesi robusti e dimostra la fattibilità della loro polimerizzazione o conversione a valle.This thesis presents the development and optimization of synthetic routes for upgrading bio-derived molecules into monomeric units, in alignment with the sustainable materials research focus of our group. The work is divided into two main areas: the synthesis of styrenic and styrenic-like monomers for Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP), and the preparation of aromatic diols as potential low-toxicity alternatives to bisphenol A in two-component epoxy resins. Emphasis was put on the latter, which was carried out in collaboration with Litokol S.p.A., a partial sponsor of the project
MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL TREATMENT REDUCES THE RISK OF TREATMENT ESCALATION DUE TO VASCULAR COMPLICATIONS IN LIMITED CUTANEOUS SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS: EMULATION OF A TARGET TRIAL FROM ITALIAN RHEUMATOLOGY SOCIETY SPRING REGISTRY
No full textObjective
Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) use in limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (lcSSc) is relatively uncommon due
to the lower fibrotic burden and the predominance of the vascular complications. In vitro observations and
clinical data from transplanted patients suggest a protective effect of MMF on endothelial function. Our aim
was to evaluate the reasons for prescribing MMF treatment in patients with lcSSc and its impact on the need
for escalation of vascular complication–related treatments during follow-up.
Methods
LcSSc patients enrolled in the Italian SPRING registry were retrospectively evaluated. All patients treated with
MMF were matched to patients not treated with MMF, based on a roll-entry time-dependent propensity score
built on demographics, clinical features and baseline treatment. The escalation of vasoactive or vasodilator
treatment up to 60 months was defined as the introduction of iloprost, endothelin receptor antagonists, or
phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors on top of the ongoing treatment, due to uncontrolled or newly diagnosed
vascular complications. A hazards Cox model was also adopted to quantify the association of MMF treatment
with treatment escalation.
Results
A total of 1,435 lcSSc patients were evaluated, of whom 152 were prescribed MMF (17.1% male; mean age
at lcSSc onset 48.7±13.9 years, 54.6% anti-Scl70 positive). The prescription of MMF was more common in
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Mycophenolate mofetil and vascular complications of systemic sclerosis
males and in anti-Scl70 positive patients, anti-centromere negative, and in patients with interstitial lung
disease, myositis, and without a history of digital ulcers. After matching 107 patients with MMF untreated
controls, the overall incidence of vasoactive/vasodilator treatment escalation events related to digital ulcers
over a median follow-up of 40.5 months (IQR 23.3-60.0) was 0.3 per 100 patient-years in the MMF-treated
group and 5.4 per 100 patient-years in the matched control group, with a significant difference in treatment
escalation-free survival between the two groups (HR 0.05, 95% CI 0.01-0.38, p-value = 0.004).
Conclusions
In lcSSc patients, the introduction of MMF has reduced the need for escalation of vasoactive or vasodilator
treatment, suggesting that it may also help to prevent vascular complications, which frequently affect patients
with lcSSc