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Le origini della repressione del crimen maiestatis nelle province (I sec. a.C. - I sec. d.C.)
No full textA passo lento sulle "terre fragili": dal sisma del 2016 al post Covid-19. Ripensare il turismo nelle aree interne e montane
No full textOskar Lange. An academic biography
No full textThis book examines the academic life of Oskar Lange and his contribution to economics. It charts the development of his ideas across his working life and reflects on how the events of this period shaped his view of economics. His early engagement with European Marxism during the 1920s is outlined, as well as the ways that the 1929 economic crash encouraged Lange to evaluate the social dimension of economics and consider the economic underpinnings of a socialist planned economy. Lange’s engagement with debates surrounding the theory of production, capital, the theory of interest, welfare economics, and general equilibrium during the 1930s and 1940s are outlined and provide insight into how Lange viewed the key economic debates of the day. The legacy of Lange, not just within socialist economics, but within the discipline more generally, is discussed to reflect upon his place within the Marxist tradition and his relevance within modern economics.
This book offers unique insight into the work and legacy of Oskar Lange. It will be of interest to students and researchers working within the history of economic thought and the political economy
Multi-Modal Large Language Model Driven Augmented Reality Situated Visualization: The Case of Wine Recognition
No full textSituated Visualizations (SV) and reality-based information retrieval systems, enhanced by Mixed Reality (MR) and Augmented Reality (AR), enable the overlay of digital information onto real-world objects, providing context-aware content through computer vision. Despite their potential, these systems face significant challenges in scalability and adaptability, particularly for domains like wine recognition, where diverse label designs, frequent updates, and limited historical databases complicate automated analysis. SOLLAMA (SOmmeLier LlAMA) is a novel wine recognition framework designed to address the scalability and adaptability challenges of AR systems in recognizing diverse wine labels. Leveraging Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), SOLLAMA integrates visual and textual cues for accurate label interpretation, bypassing the need for extensive image datasets and traditional OCR methods. Built on the Augmented Wine Recognition (AWR) system, it replaces the OCR module with LLAMA 3.2 for advanced text recognition and contextual understanding. Key benefits include scalability across diverse designs and simplified, server-free deployment. Experimental validation on a dataset of wine labels from Italy's Emilia-Romagna region highlights the system's effectiveness and its potential to transform wine recognition in AR-based applications
Il ruolo della rivista «History of Education & Children’s Literature» (HECL) nel rinnovamento degli studi storico-educativi in Italia*
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Luxury Fashion Brands Communication on Gender Issues and Corporate Activism: Action or Hype?
No full textAs consumer expectations grow for brands to take meaningful stances on social and political issues, this study explores how the top nine luxury fashion brands are genuinely “walking the talk” in their advocacy for gender fluidity and inclusivity. Via the analysis of the top nine most valuable luxury fashion brands worldwide, we assess the authenticity of their corporate and brand activism through public messaging, internal policies, and sustainability initiatives. The research integrates a comprehensive review of literature on gender in the fashion industry with an in-depth analysis of each brand’s organizational structure and people-centered strategies. It seeks to uncover whether these companies genuinely align their values with their advocacy or if their actions are primarily driven by branding and market positioning. The findings highlight the nuanced challenges luxury brands face in reconciling commercial objectives with authentic social responsibility. Ultimately, the study offers valuable insights into the shifting landscape of brand activism in the luxury sector and its potential to shape broader societal attitudes toward gender identity and inclusion
AI-Induced Cybersecurity Risks in Healthcare: A Narrative Review of Blockchain-Based Solutions Within a Clinical Risk Management Framework
No full textBackground/Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the healthcare industry, improving diagnoses, treatments, and clinical processes. However, its integration poses significant cybersecurity risks, including data breaches, algorithmic opacity, and vulnerabilities in AI-controlled medical devices. This narrative review analyzes these threats and evaluates blockchain technology as a potential mitigation strategy within a Clinical Risk Management framework. Methods: The literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, considering peer-reviewed publications from 2000 to January 2025. 1,204 articles were identified. Inclusion criteria included studies on cybersecurity risks in healthcare, blockchain applications in the clinical setting, and regulatory references (eg, General Data Protection Regulation). Conference abstracts, non- English articles, and non-peer-reviewed contributions were excluded. To ensure methodological rigor, the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles criteria were applied. Results: The thematic analysis highlighted recurring critical issues: difficulties with informed consent, unauthorized access to sensitive data, and systemic vulnerabilities in hospital digital infrastructures. Blockchain presents a promising solution thanks to its decentralization, immutability, and transparency. Integration with smart contracts enables dynamic consent management, secure data sharing, and real-time monitoring of medical devices. Permissioned networks improve traceability and regulatory compliance, while Layer 2 solutions and optimized consent protocols address scalability challenges. Conclusion: Despite its potential, blockchain adoption faces obstacles: high costs, regulatory rigidity, and poor acceptance among healthcare professionals. The review highlights the need for pilot projects, interdisciplinary collaboration, and regulatory updates for effective integration. Combining AI and blockchain in Clinical Risk Management can transform clinical risk management from reactive to proactive, improving patient safety, data governance, and accountability
Examining cervical cancer screening adherence: how does healthism influence participation?
No full textBackground: Cervical cancer is a major public health issue. While HPV screening and vaccination are crucial preventive measures, many countries still struggle to meet the WHO’s participation targets due to a range of systemic, socioeconomic, and psychological barriers. Recent studies suggest that beyond these factors, women’s decisions to attend screening are increasingly shaped by cultural norms that promote health as a personal responsibility, framing participation as both a moral obligation and an expression of a responsible lifestyle.
Methods: This study examines the relationship between a healthy lifestyle and HPV screening participation using data from the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS, 2019) for Italy. We use binomial logistic regression as statistical method, with regular screening attendance (versus irregular) as dependent variable.
Results: Our findings indicate that women who adopt healthier lifestyles—particularly in terms of physical activity and dietary habits—are more likely to participate in pap tests. Furthermore, younger women exhibit higher screening participation rates, with early screening initiation (before age 25) associated with greater long-term adherence.
Conclusions: These results suggest that healthism, understood as the pursuit of a healthy lifestyle, plays a significant role in fostering engagement with preventive healthcare measures, although unmeasured confounders may influence both healthy behaviors and screening adherence, thereby limiting the causal interpretation of our findings. Adopting a sociological perspective on surveillance medicine, we argue that healthism is not merely a moral imperative but can serve as a mechanism for empowered agency, encouraging proactive health behaviours. Our findings may inform complementary public health strategies that promote voluntary screening participation by supporting health-oriented behaviours, rather than relying exclusively on top-down interventions. Recognising screening as a social intervention offers a broader analytical framework for addressing cultural and structural barriers to participation, ultimately contributing to more effective and inclusive public health policies
Per un’etica incarnata nell’era digitale. Una proposta a partire da Merleau-Ponty
No full textNegli ultimi decenni, la pervasività delle tecnologie digitali ha trasformato profondamente l’esperienza umana, ridefinendo le modalità della percezione, della relazione e della costruzione dell’identità. In questo scenario, la riflessione filosofica sul corpo si trova a dover ripensare la dimensione della corporeità vissuta, considerando come le esperienze mediate digitalmente contribuiscano a dislocare la presenza fisica, a trasformare le modalità della percezione sensoriale e a riconfigurare le forme dell’intersoggettività. La presente ricerca affronta tali questioni attraverso una rilettura critica del pensiero di Maurice Merleau-Ponty, ponendo al centro della riflessione il suo concetto di corpo vivo, come strumento concettuale per comprendere la trasformazione dell’esperienza incarnata nell’ambiente contemporaneo complesso, in cui si intrecciano dimensioni analogiche e digitali. Il contributo di questo lavoro intende collocarsi all’incrocio tra fenomenologia, etica della tecnologia e filosofia della corporeità, tentando di offrire una prospettiva critica e originale sul ruolo del corpo nell’esperienza digitale. Prendendo le mosse da un approccio fenomenologico centrato sull’esperienza incarnata, la ricerca si articola in tre parti principali, corrispondenti ai tre movimenti teorici che scandiscono il suo sviluppo argomentativo: una ricostruzione critica del pensiero di Merleau-Ponty; una riflessione fenomenologica sulle trasformazioni dell’esperienza incarnata nell’ambiente ibrido contemporaneo; e, infine, una proposta etico-filosofica che ne esplora le implicazioni normative e ontologiche per una soggettività incarnata nell’epoca del virtuale. La Parte Prima, intitolata Merleau-Ponty e il corpo come intersezione tra natura e cultura, si propone di ricostruire e problematizzare il pensiero merleau-pontiano intorno ai concetti di corpo – nella sua duplice funzione di fondamento dell’esperienza e di luogo di articolazione tra il naturale e il culturale – e di carne. Nel Capitolo 1 di questa sezione proponiamo una rilettura della fenomenologia del corpo come tentativo di superamento delle dicotomie ereditate dalla tradizione cartesiana, in particolare quella tra soggetto e oggetto. Lungi dal concepire il corpo come semplice oggetto tra gli oggetti o come un mero supporto biologico della coscienza, Merleau-Ponty ne mette in luce la funzione originaria di medium dell’esperienza. Il corpo vissuto/vivente si configura così come struttura intenzionale incarnata, preriflessiva, capace di orientare la percezione, modulare l’attenzione, instaurare una familiarità con il mondo e modificarsi nel confronto dinamico con l’ambiente e con gli strumenti utilizzati. In tal senso, il corpo non è mai un dato puramente naturale né un prodotto interamente culturale, ma si rivela fin da subito come nodo di co-costituzione tra il soggetto e il mondo: una soglia incarnata in cui prende forma, in modo plastico e situato, il nostro essere-nel-mondo. Nel capitolo Capitolo 2 si approfondisce e si porta a compimento il percorso inaugurato dalla fenomenologia del corpo, analizzando la svolta ontologica che attraversa gli scritti maturi di Merleau-Ponty, in particolare i testi postumi come Le visible et l’invisible. In questa fase, il concetto di carne (chair) emerge come figura centrale di una nuova ontologia del sensibile, volta a superare definitivamente la struttura dualistica del pensiero moderno. La carne non è né sostanza né mero organismo, ma un elemento ontologico originario, una trama intersoggettiva e intersensoriale in cui si annodano visibile e invisibile, sensibile e senziente. Attraverso la nozione di carne, Merleau-Ponty riformula in profondità le categorie di esperienza, alterità e linguaggio, e pone le basi per una riconfigurazione del reale non più fondata sulla separazione tra l’essere umano e il mondo, ma su una comune appartenenza ontologica che si esprime nel corpo vivo. Il Capitolo 3 affronta il nodo dell’intersezione tra natura e cultura. A partire dalla centralità del corpo come struttura preriflessiva, si mostra come la soggettività non sia né un dato biologico né un puro costrutto culturale, ma una forma incarnata di relazione con il mondo. Il corpo viene analizzato come soglia dinamica, attraversata, senza mai ridursi a esse, da significazioni sociali, simboliche e linguistiche. Lo schema corporeo, il gesto, il linguaggio e le pratiche percettive quotidiane vengono indagati come espressioni di una storicità vissuta che si radica nella carne. La Parte Seconda, dal titolo Corpo e virtuale. Essere corporei al tempo della realtà digitale, si apre con un capitolo (1) dedicato alla nuova complessità dell’ambiente umano al tempo della realtà digitale. Qui l’attenzione si concentra sull’analisi delle condizioni strutturali che definiscono gli ambienti digitali contemporanei, mettendo in luce le trasformazioni profonde che essi operano sull’ambiente umano, inteso come spazio esperienziale, simbolico e relazionale. In questo scenario, il corpo vivo non è concepito come entità passiva, bensì come struttura plastica, capace di riconfigurarsi nell’interazione con i nuovi ambienti tecnologici. Attraverso questa prospettiva, il capitolo mira a problematizzare la continuità e la discontinuità tra esperienza incarnata e ambienti digitali, aprendo così la strada a una riflessione fenomenologica e ontologica sull’abitare nell’epoca del virtuale. Il Capitolo 2 affronta dapprima la questione del virtuale attraverso una ricostruzione critica e genealogica del concetto, mettendo in dialogo prospettive filosofiche classiche e contemporanee – da Aristotele a Deleuze, passando per Tommaso d’Aquino, Leibniz, Spinoza, Kant e Lévy – per delinearne la complessità ontologica ed epistemologica. Questa mappa teorica offre lo sfondo per una rilettura originale del virtuale nel pensiero di Merleau-Ponty: alla luce delle sue riflessioni sul corpo, sulla percezione e sull’esperienza temporale. Il virtuale viene così indagato come dimensione costitutiva del vissuto incarnato, attraversando concetti chiave come memoria, abitudine, spazio, tempo e intenzionalità. Lungi dall’essere ridotto a un mero simulacro o a un’illusione tecnologica, esso appare come cifra dell’apertura del corpo al possibile, come riserva dinamica di senso e potenzialità che struttura l’esperienza e orienta l’agire. La Parte Terza ha come titolo Etica della virtualità incarnata. Dalla libertà alla responsabilità nell’ambiente digitale, e segna il momento di sintesi teorica e un’apertura etica radicata nell’esperienza incarnata. A partire dalle analisi fenomenologiche e ontologiche sviluppate nelle sezioni precedenti, si tenta di delineare una proposta etica che sia all’altezza delle trasformazioni dell’esperienza incarnata nell’epoca del virtuale. Il punto di partenza è il riconoscimento della virtualità del corpo vivo come struttura ontologica fondamentale: il corpo, inteso nella sua dimensione temporale e aperta al possibile, si configura come condizione incarnata della libertà. La libertà, in questa prospettiva, non è una facoltà astratta né un potere sovrano di scelta: è invece apertura situata, capacità di trascendere l’attualità, di orientarsi verso il futuro e di abitare in modo responsivo la propria condizione. A questo proposito, il Capitolo 1 sviluppa tale impianto teorico esplorando il nesso tra virtualità corporea, libertà e responsabilità: il corpo è pensato come struttura originariamente orientata al possibile, non come realtà chiusa o definita ma come campo di tensione e di prefigurazione, capace di inaugurare nuovi modi di essere-nel-mondo. In questa prospettiva, la libertà non si radica nell’indipendenza del soggetto, ma nella plasticità dell’esperienza incarnata, nella sua apertura all’indeterminato e nella capacità di rispondere alla contingenza. Da qui prende forma un’etica della responsabilità incarnata, che non si fonda su principi generali o astratte prescrizioni normative, ma sulla sensibilità del corpo alle situazioni, sulla sua esposizione all’altro e sul suo potenziale generativo. L’etica emerge così come pratica situata e relazionale, che prende sul serio la vulnerabilità, l’ambiguità e la creatività dell’esperienza vissuta. Il Capitolo 2 approfondisce questa traiettoria, mettendo a tema la temporalità del corpo come dimensione costitutiva dell’agire. La libertà viene quindi intesa come apertura temporale incarnata, ossia come capacità di progettarsi, di sostenere una distanza critica rispetto al presente e di orientare il proprio gesto verso un futuro possibile. Il capitolo mostra come questa comprensione della libertà consenta di ripensare l’agire etico fuori dai modelli formalistici e volontaristici, valorizzando invece le dimensioni della continuità, della cura e della trasformazione. In particolare, viene affrontato il problema della responsabilità nell’ambiente digitale, interrogando le forme contemporanee della presenza, della relazione e della co-costruzione del mondo online. Ne emerge una concezione dell’etica come impegno incarnato, attento alle condizioni concrete dell’esistenza con altri.Recently, the pervasive presence of digital technologies has profoundly transformed human experience, redefining modes of perception, interaction, and identity formation. Within this context, philosophical reflection on the body is called upon to rethink the dimension of lived corporeality, considering how digitally mediated experiences contribute to the displacement of physical presence, the transformation of sensory perception, and the reconfiguration of intersubjectivity. This research addresses these issues through a critical reinterpretation of Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s thought, placing his concept of the living body at the center of the investigation as a conceptual tool for understanding the transformation of embodied experience within the complex contemporary environment, where analog and digital dimensions are increasingly interwoven. This thesis seeks to position itself at the intersection of phenomenology, the ethics of technology, and the philosophy of embodiment, offering a critical and original perspective on the role of the body in digital experience. Grounded in a phenomenological approach centered on embodied experience, the research is structured into three main parts, corresponding to the three theoretical movements that guide its argumentative development: a critical reconstruction of Merleau-Ponty’s thought; a phenomenological reflection on the transformations of embodied experience in the contemporary hybrid environment; and finally, an ethical-philosophical proposal exploring the normative and ontological implications of embodied subjectivity in the age of the virtual. Part One, entitled Merleau-Ponty and the Body as the Intersection of Nature and Culture, aims to reconstruct and problematize Merleau-Ponty’s thought around the concepts of the body – understood in its dual role as the foundation of experience and the site of articulation between the natural and the cultural – and of flesh (chair). In Chapter 1, I offer a rereading of the phenomenology of the body as an attempt to overcome dichotomies inherited from the Cartesian tradition, especially that between subject and object. Far from conceiving the body as a mere object among others or as a biological support for consciousness, Merleau-Ponty highlights its original function as the medium of experience. The lived/living body thus emerges as an embodied, pre-reflective intentional structure, capable of orienting perception, modulating attention, establishing familiarity with the world, and transforming itself in dynamic interaction with the environment and the tools employed. In this sense, the body is never a purely natural datum nor an entirely cultural product, but reveals itself from the outset as a site of co-constitution between subject and world: an embodied threshold where our being-in-the-world takes form in a situated and plastic manner. Chapter 2 deepens and completes the trajectory inaugurated by the phenomenology of the body by analyzing the ontological turn in Merleau-Ponty’s later writings, particularly in posthumous texts such as The Visible and the Invisible. In this phase, the concept of flesh (chair) emerges as a central figure in a new ontology of the sensible, aimed at definitively overcoming the dualistic structure of modern thought. Flesh is neither substance nor mere organism, but an original ontological element, an intersubjective and intersensory fabric in which visible and invisible, sensible and sensing are interwoven. Through the notion of flesh, Merleau-Ponty profoundly reformulates the categories of experience, alterity, and language, laying the groundwork for a reconceptualization of reality no longer founded on the separation between human being and world, but on a shared ontological belonging expressed through the living body. Chapter 3 addresses the intersection between nature and culture. Starting from the centrality of the body as a pre-reflective structure, it shows how subjectivity is neither a biological given nor a purely cultural construct, but an embodied form of relation to the world. The body is analyzed as a dynamic threshold traversed – though never reducible to – social, symbolic, and linguistic meanings. The body schema, gesture, language, and everyday perceptual practices are examined as expressions of a lived historicity rooted in flesh. Part Two, titled Body and the Virtuality: Being Embodied in the Age of Digital Reality, opens with Chapter 1, devoted to the new complexity of the human environment in the digital age. The focus here is on analyzing the structural conditions that define contemporary digital environments, highlighting the profound transformations they produce in the human world understood as an experiential, symbolic, and relational space. In this context, the living body is not conceived as a passive entity but as a plastic structure capable of reconfiguring itself through interaction with new technological environments. This perspective aims to problematize both the continuity and discontinuity between embodied experience and digital spaces, thus paving the way for a phenomenological and ontological reflection on dwelling in the age of the virtual. Chapter 2 addresses the concept of the virtual through a critical and genealogical reconstruction, engaging with classical and contemporary philosophical perspectives – from Aristotle to Deleuze, via Aquinas, Leibniz, Spinoza, Kant, and Lévy – to outline its ontological and epistemological complexity. This theoretical map provides the backdrop for an original reinterpretation of the virtual in Merleau-Ponty’s philosophy, particularly considering his reflections on the body, perception, and temporal experience. The virtual is explored as a constitutive dimension of embodied life, traversing key concepts such as memory, habit, space, time, and intentionality. Far from being reducible to a mere simulacrum or technological illusion, it appears as the mark of the body’s openness to the possible, a dynamic reservoir of meaning and potentiality that structures experience and guides action. Part Three, entitled The Ethics of Embodied Virtuality: From Freedom to Responsibility in the Digital Environment, marks the moment of theoretical synthesis and ethical elaboration grounded in embodied experience. Building on the phenomenological and ontological analyses developed in the previous sections, the work proposes an ethical framework adequate to the transformations of embodied experience in the virtual age. It begins with the recognition of the virtuality of the living body as a fundamental ontological structure: the body, in its temporal dimension and openness to possibility, is conceived as the embodied condition of freedom. Freedom, in this view, is not an abstract faculty or sovereign power of choice, but a situated openness, a capacity to transcend actuality, to orient toward the future, and to inhabit one’s condition responsively. Chapter 1 develops this theoretical framework by exploring the relationship between bodily virtuality, freedom, and responsibility: the body is understood as a structure originally oriented toward the possible, not as a closed or defined reality but as a field of tension and prefiguration capable of initiating new ways of being-in-the-world. In this perspective, freedom is rooted not in the subject’s independence, but in the plasticity of embodied experience, its openness to the indeterminate and its capacity to respond to contingency. Consequently, an ethics of embodied responsibility emerges, grounded not in general principles or abstract normative prescriptions, but in the body’s sensitivity to situations, its exposure to others, and its generative potential. Ethics thus appears as a situated and relational practice that takes seriously the vulnerability, ambiguity, and creativity of lived experience. Chapter 2 further develops this trajectory by focusing on the temporality of the body as a constitutive dimension of ethical action. Freedom is thus conceived as embodied temporal openness: the capacity to project oneself, sustain a critical distance from the present, and orient one’s gestures toward a possible future. The chapter shows how this understanding of freedom allows for a rethinking of ethical action beyond formalist and voluntarist models, emphasizing instead the dimensions of continuity, care, and transformation. In particular, the problem of responsibility in digital environments is addressed, interrogating contemporary forms of presence, relation, and co-construction of the world online. What emerges is a conception of ethics as an embodied commitment, attentive to the concrete conditions of coexistence with others