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Dispositivo varco salva-vita
No full textIl dispositivo salva-vita consiste in una pensilina statica, aggettante su entrambi i lati della parete, supportata da due portali in acciaio collegati tra loro e addossati al muro ma senza connessioni strutturali con esso, né con il pavimento, a vantaggio della reversibilità del sistema e di una sua più facile applicazione anche all’interno di beni immobili sottoposti a tutela. Le componenti principali del prodotto varco salva-vita sono appunto il telaio metallico, realizzato in tubolari standard, una pensilina, realizzata con lamiera forata e un anima in legno, implementata con un interfaccia luminosa che funziona da segnaletica in caso di emergenza. Il portale è rivestito con un carter che racchiude la struttura portante e le connessioni tra i due telai
Analisi dei restauri post-unitari
No full textLa stagione dei restauri post-unitari della rocca Roveresca di Senigallia può essere valutata da un duplice punto di vista: da un lato, il generale rinnovamento della città che sul finire dell’800 e nei primi del ‘900 è interessata da un processo economico a carattere turistico, con il conseguente avvio di nuove opere di sistemazione . Una parte del ghetto viene abbattuta per realizzare un nuovo spazio urbano; il quartiere dei pescatori nella zona a sinistra del Misa viene ampiamente ristrutturato; si infittiscono le costruzioni extra moenia, ma all’interno delle mura l’impianto urbano rimane pressoché immutato e in cattivo stato di conservazione. Dall’altro si implementa l’attenzione verso l’architettura monumentale ed iniziano i primi interventi di restauro, orientati a riutilizzare le grandi strutture, per funzioni pubbliche quali caserme, carceri, ospedali e scuole. Una nuova sensibilità verso la tutela dei beni di particolare valore inizia a manifestarsi anche con la stesura dei primi elenchi degli edifici monumentali da sottoporre a vincolo di tutela
Il volto procedurale dei diritti fondamentali: qualche riflessione intorno alla sentenza Laterza e D'Errico della Corte europea dei diritti dell'uomo
No full textIl lavoro mette in dialogo la recente sentenza Laterza e D’Errico c. Italia della Corte
europea dei diritti dell’uomo con alcuni precedenti in cui il Giudice europeo era stato chiamato a
verificare il rispetto dei diritti convenzionali nell’ambito della gestione dell’Ilva di Taranto.
L’intento è quello di verificare i limiti del sindacato sovranazionale in punto di accertamento del
nesso eziologico, nei c.d. toxic cases e, più in generale, le prospettive di tutela individuali avverso
violazioni di diritti che si connotano come plurisoggettive o ultra-individuali.The paper engages in a dialogue between the recent Laterza and D’Errico v. Italy judgment of
the European Court of Human Rights and previous cases in which the European judge was called
upon to assess compliance with Convention rights in the context of the management of the Ilva
steelworks in Taranto. The aim is to examine the limits of supranational judicial review in
establishing causal links in so-called toxic cases and, more broadly, the prospects for individual protection against violations of rights that are characterized as collective or ultra-individual in
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The Italian National Forest Inventory (IFNI2025): a new opportunity for plant diversity monitoring
No full textMonitoring forest resources through National Forest Inventories (NFIs) is a fundamental tool for policymaking particularly regarding environmental planning and sustainable land management. In Italy, the first NFI
dates back to the 1980s followed by a second in 2005 and a third in 2015, each introducing improvements in
sampling design and survey protocols to address emerging information needs. The new Italian National Forest
Inventory (IFNI2025) represents an innovative program marked by a transition from decennial periodicity to
a continuous survey approach with the production of annual estimates. The sampling design involves a firstphase tessellation stratified sampling on a 4 km × 4 km grid followed by a second phase of field surveys on
points classified by remote sensing imagery as forest. The second phase sampling will take place annually over
a five-year cycle.
For the first time, IFNI2025 will include a systematic survey of variables related to plant and lichen diversity,
complementing the assessment of traditional forest attributes. Specifically, data on six plant morpho-functional
groups (i.e., terricolous lichens, bryophytes, pteridophytes, forbs, grasses, and woody species) will be collected
along transects at second-phase points (approximately 1,300 per year) by personnel from the Carabinieri
Command for Forest, Environmental, and Agri-food Protection (CUFAA). These data will be used to estimate
the presence/absence and average abundance of the morpho-functional groups at national, regional, and
biogeographic scales. The protocol also includes a spatially balanced sampling design covering 10% of the
second-phase points with vegetation surveys performed by expert botanists. Diversity indicators will be
calculated, including the average number of species (with a focus on alien species and conservation-relevant
categories such as specialists and endemics) and their relative abundance. The integration of field data with
expert-derived floristic checklists will also be explored to enhance species richness estimates. Custom
estimators will be developed to quantify the target parameters and their associated uncertainties. Epiphytic
macrolichens will be detected using a simplified method in which an artificial intelligence algorithm is trained
to interpret photos of lichens present within a sampling grid. The data will be interpreted based on the main
functional traits.
This new protocol represents a significant advancement in national forest monitoring—a major step forward
in integrating biodiversity assessments into NFIs—providing consistent and scalable data to support forest
conservation and management in Italy
The STRIC project: the new international center for research on sciences and techniques of physical, economic and social reconstruction
No full textThe design and future perspective of the new International Center for Research on Sciences and Techniques of Physical, Economic and Social Reconstruction (STRIC), currently under construction, is the focus of this study. STRIC aims to become a strategic reference infrastructure for Italy and Europe to enhance community preparedness towards seismic risk, other natural hazards, and post-event reconstruction. Funded by the Italian Government, the laboratory has been designed with significant flexibility. This paper illustrates preliminary studies carried out for the design of structural engineering facility, which in its final configuration will include a pit hosting two 6-DOFs shake-tables—one fixed and the other movable up to 30 m—each with a 28-ton payload capacity. This configuration enables seismic testing of structural and infrastructural components, tests on electrical systems, soil-structure interaction, and hybrid simulations. The laboratory will also feature a movable reaction wall usable alone or in combination with the movable shake-table. The location, near Camerino, was chosen to enhance the attractiveness of inner areas severely affected by the 2016 Central Italy seismic sequence and to foster research and industrial partnerships. The STRIC facility will be managed by a consortium of universities and research centers
Maternal birth experience and DNA methylation
No full textChildbirth influences maternal and new-born's future health, with the Epigenetic Impact of Childbirth (EPIIC) hypothesis proposing that labour stress affects foetal gene expression. This study explores how birth experiences relate to DNA methylation in infants, breastfeeding and mother-infant bonding. Data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children was used, including 14,541 pregnant women. The ARIES subset of 1,022 mother-child pairs provided DNA methylation profiles. Maternal birth experience (MBE) was evaluated, with mother-infant bonding and breastfeeding. Statistical analysis involved linear regression and epigenome-wide association study. Half of the mothers reported at least one negative childbirth event, with 7% experiencing three or more adverse events. Negative MBE correlated with shorter breastfeeding duration and weaker mother-infant bonding. No significant CpG associations with MBE were found. While positive MBE is linked to improved mother-infant bonding and breastfeeding, no significant changes in DNA methylation profiles were observed in the offspring. Further research is needed to understand MBE's long-term impact on child health
Sequenze. La morfologia costiera adriatica
No full textCon una estensione di 180 chilometri, la costa marchigiana si dispiega da Gabicce Mare alla foce del fiume Tronto. È una costa bassa e sabbiosa interrotta nel suo sviluppo lineare dal monte Conero, rilievo dell’Appennino umbro-marchigiano che, per un tratto di circa venti chilometri, cadendo a picco sul mare, genera insenature e piccole spiagge rocciose e sassose. Fatta salva questa eccezione, il suolo in prossimità del mare è pianeggiante e si configura come una fascia di profondità variabile. Entro un campo topologico delineato, la ricerca sulla morfologia del territorio marchigiano, e in generale sull’intero versante medio-adriatico italiano, dovrà rinnovare strumenti e metodi di indagine al fine di comprende le mutevoli dinamiche insediative e di prefigurare progettualmente un riequilibrio urbano-rurale. Riconoscere i nessi tra le cose disperse sul vasto territorio urbanizzato, tentare di mettere a sistema ciò che a prima vista appare disarticolato, esplicitare le possibili relazioni a distanza tra monadi solitarie, riscattare dalla residualità i suoli interstiziali, valorizzare la tassellatura dei suoli agricoli, accogliere le nuove infrastrutture energetiche sono solo alcuni tra i possibili temi su cui condurre nuove indagini topologiche e sperimentare nuove topografie
Optimal control of an epidemiological Covid-19 model with state constraint
No full text. The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic has forced governments to impose restrictions on the individual liberty of people. Such containment measures have considerably reduced the number of infections but have also caused substantial damage. In this context the following main issue arises: which policy is the best to contain fatalities and economic losses complying with the intensive care units capacity? This issue is investigated through the study of an optimal control problem based on a SEAIRD epidemic model referring to Covid-19. A state constraint is imposed on the number of infected individuals in order to maintain the infectious level under the health-facilities capacity threshold. The challenge is to find a control function that minimizes the total cost which represents a trade-off between economic losses and human deaths. After showing the existence of an optimal solution, the necessary optimality conditions provided by Pontryagin Minimum Principle are derived. Numerical solutions are obtained by discretizing the optimal control problem and applying nonlinear optimization methods. Various scenarios with different initial conditions representing different degrees of infection are studied and the solutions are compared.The COVID-19 control problem treated here may also serve as a prototypical example for solving an epidemiological control model with state constraints
Pimpinella anisum essential oil and trans-anethole activity against key insect pests and non-target ants
No full textPest control has faced several challenges during the last decades, increasing research about innovative ecofriendly bioinsecticides to replace and integrate the conventional strategies. In this scenario, botanical extracts are promising substances for pest management. In this study, we developed a novel small-scale sprayer for precision application of botanical insecticides on plant material; the insecticidal activity of the essential oil (EO) from cultivated aniseed, Pimpinella anisum L., and its main constituent trans-anethole (> 95% of the whole composition) was tested against three key polyphagous pests of fruit crops, as well as toward a non-target ant species, Crematogaster scutellaris (Olivier). Both the EO and its main constituent were effective against Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller) larvae, as well as against Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) adults in ingestion toxicity trials. However, C. capitata (LC50 0.97 and 0.80 μL/mL for EO and trans-anethole, respectively) was more susceptible than L. botrana (LC50 38.71 and 24.16 μL/mL for EO and trans-anethole, respectively). Furthermore, both the EO and trans-anethole tested at 45 μL/mL had a high antifeedant effect (> 80%) on Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) larvae. From a non-target point of view, P. anisum EO caused moderate lethality on C. scutellaris ants, with significant reduction of survival after 96 h at the highest tested concentration. Overall, aniseed EO could represent a valuable bioinsecticide which could be used in the field at low concentration for organic management of polyphagous crop pests
Simultaneous quantification of hyoscyamine and scopolamine using HPLC-DAD in four Solanaceae: Hyoscyamus niger, Datura stramonium, Atropa belladonna and Mandragora officinarum
No full textAlkaloids are a group of secondary metabolites that generate great interest since ancient times. Numerous Solanaceae plants are rich sources of tropane alkaloids as hyoscyamine and scopolamine which are obtained mainly from Hyoscyamus niger, Datura stramonium, Atropa belladonna, Mandragora officinarum. In the present
study it was developed an HPLC-DAD using an XBridge Phenyl column for the quantification of scopolamine and hyoscyamine, molecules used in pharmaceutical industry to treat stomach or intestinal disorders. A. belladonna presented hyoscyamine and scopolamine, the first one ranged from 1466 to 5117 mg/Kg DW while the second one ranged from 140 to 1743 mg/Kg DW. In D. stramonium, hyoscyamine was not found while scopolamine ranged from 430 to 8980 mg/Kg DW. On the contrary H. niger and M. officinarum did not contain any trace of these alkaloids. This is the first work in which different parts of four Solanaceae were analysed for their hyoscyamine and scopolamine content