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Novel Polymeric Delivery Systems for Targeting Chronic Pain and Inflammation
No full textThe consequences of sustaining a spinal cord injury (SCI) can be overwhelming and can impact many
areas of one’s life. An injury to the spinal cord can have catastrophic consequences on physical
movement, bladder function and other voluntary and involuntary functions. Furthermore, SCI often
results in debilitating pain that becomes chronic, and can either be neuropathic or nociceptive.
Neuropathic pain arises from damage or dysfunction of the nervous system, affecting both the
peripheral and central pathways. Neuropathic pain typically develops months or years after SCI and
is often localized below the level of injury, though above-level pain can also occur.It is also aided
with two sensory conditions – allodynia and hyperalgesia. Allodynia can be described as the pain
sensation to a stimulus that does not generally induce pain, whereas hyperalgesia is the abnormally
heightened sensitivity to pain. This increased discomfort caused by chronic pain can prevail for
approximately 20% of a person’s lifespan. The development and maintenance of this chronic pain
has been attributed to the hyper-excitability of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. In turn, this
sensitization of the DRG neurons can be manipulated with regulation of inflammatory cytokines,
neuronal plasticity and ion channels transmissions. Along with the nervous system, the immune
system plays an equally important role in regulating chronic pain and inflammation. Many cells of
the immune system – toll-like receptors (TLRs), glia cells, microglia, macrophages, amongst others,
orchestrate a cascade of cytokine and enzymatic responses in opposition to adverse environmental
conditions. Neutrophils are the first immune cells to respond to injury, followed by macrophages,
which play a key role in inflammation and healing. Macrophages exhibit remarkable plasticity,
adapting their function in response to local environmental cues such as cytokines and tissue signals.
In simple terms, macrophages can be categorized into inflammatory macrophages (M1-m) and anti-
inflammatory macrophages (M2-m). At the site of injury, M1-m trigger an inflammatory response by
releasing inflammatory cytokines. M2 macrophages contribute to tissue repair and resolution of
inflammation by releasing anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. The immune system
regulates the resolution of inflammation through mechanisms such as regulatory T cells (Tregs) and
anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, if inflammatory signals persist due to unresolved tissue
damage or dysregulated immune responses, inflammation can become chronic, contributing to
conditions like neuropathic pain
Photocatalyzed Reduction of β-Nitroacrylates via Hydrogen Atom Transfer Promoted by Tetrabutylammonium Decatungstate
No full textA photocatalyzed reduction of the CC double bond in β-nitroacrylates under flow conditions is developed. The reaction takes place upon irradiation at 390 nm in the presence of tetrabutylammonium decatungstate and requires γ-terpinene as a hydrogen source. Products are obtained in good yields, and various functional groups are tolerated, such as unconjugated double bonds, benzyl groups and carbonyls, thus demonstrating a substantial chemoselectivity
Matera e Giancarlo De Carlo
No full textDurante gli anni Cinquanta del Novecento, Giancarlo De Carlo fu variamente impegnato nella città lucana, redigendo progetti e scrivendo testi. Il presente volume, che segue quello dedicato a Matera e Adriano Olivetti (e prelude ad uno dedicato a Matera e Carlo Aymonino), vuole fare il punto sul contributo del maestro di Genova alle vicende materane e, proprio con quell’”Edificio ad uso negozi e abitazioni” a Spine Bianche, alla crisi dell’ultimo CIAM di Otterlo (1959). Il libro raccoglie i progetti e gli scritti materani di De Carlo, li esamina criticamente, li illustra esaurientemente e pubblica i documenti indispensabili per una comprensione non superficiale delle varie vicende, tra i quali un’intervista rilasciata dall’architetto a Luigi Acito nel 2001 e le foto d’epoca di Italo Zannier dell’edificio costruito
Traditional wooden foundation piles in Amsterdam and Venice: techniques for the assessment of their state of conservation
No full textThis study explored the most employed techniques for the assessment of the state of conservation of traditional wooden foundation piles in Amsterdam and Venice. The techniques were evaluated for their relevance and effectiveness in assessing decay impact on centuries-old waterlogged wooden piles. The techniques adopted in Amsterdam and Venice were complementary. In Amsterdam, underwater micro-drilling was employed to accurately estimate the amount of decay and the remaining strength of the piles. In contrast, the techniques in Venice were based on microscopic and mechanical testing of small wood samples to provide a detailed decay analysis. The successful use of underwater micro-drilling in Amsterdam, which allows for fast and accurate pile decay assessment, presents an opportunity to enhance the piles conservation database of Venice. Adopting this technique in Venice could support more timely and effective preservation strategies
Francesco Borromini e le cappelle di palazzo Carpegna: progetti e ipotesi per spazi sacri ridotti
No full textIl saggio ricostruisce le differenti proposte di Borromini per la realizzazione di due cappelle previste per il piano nobile di palazzo Carpegna a Roma. All’interno di un iter progettuale molto complesso, l’architetto elabora diverse varianti di progetto, che in alcuni casi prevedevano la realizzazione di due cappelle dalla morfologia non sempre analoga. Anzi, l’ambizione di presentare innovative soluzioni planimetriche per il palazzo, va di pari passo con le proposte per le cappelle, la cui pianta non era per nulla scontata. Purtroppo il progressivo ridimensionamento del progetto per la nuova residenza dei Carpegna, che doveva sorgere nei pressi della futura mostra dell’Acqua Vergine, aveva indotto Borromini a presentare per esso soluzioni più tradizionali, come nella realizzazione finale dell’unica cappella, rimasta parzialmente in situ sino ai primi anni Trenta del Novecento, prima di essere demolita per la rifunzionalizzazione dell’edificio adattato a nuova sede dell’Accademia Nazionale di San Luca. In ogni caso, dall’analisi della sequenza delle variegate proposte stese dall’architetto, si possono scorgere alcune invarianti progettuali riconoscibili nella predilezione data da Borromini per gli ambienti rettangolari dotati di volta che creano dei raffinati sistemi spaziali in stucco che hanno lo scopo di gerarchizzare lo spazio con sistemi decorativi concentrici
Il digitale declinato al passato e le nuove prospettive per la storia
No full textAbbiamo scelto per il numero 22 di AIS/Design.
Storia e Ricerche – che inaugura il nuovo ciclo di direzione 2025–2027 –
il tema “Storia del design digitale e storia digitale del design”, accogliendo
studi e riflessioni che aiutano a indagare tale duplice prospettiva.
I contributi che seguono, quindi, esplorano, da un lato, il design
digitale e le sue manifestazioni, ormai pienamente storicizzabili; dall’altro, i cambiamenti metodologici e i nuovi orientamenti che gli strumenti
e gli ambienti digitali hanno innescato nella storiografia del design
«Observa diem sabbati, ut sanctifices eum» (Dt. V, 12): la libertà religiosa del giorno di riposo settimanale.
No full textIl Sistema Sanitario Nazionale. Profili organizzativi
No full textIl capitolo ricostruisce lo sviluppo delle strutture sanitarie in Italia dall'Unità a oggi, di pari passo con la formulazione della nozione di diritto alla salute e con la sua concreta realizzazion
Warmish
No full textWarmish is a cross‐platform application for quantitative analysis of thermal images, with a focus on reproducible region‐of‐interest (ROI)–based measurements. It provides an interactive graphical interface for real‐time visualization, dual‐view comparison, and on‐the‐fly computation of descriptive statistics within user‐defined ROIs. The software supports batch processing and exports results in tabular formats suitable for downstream statistical analysis. Warmish is distributed through a public repository with stable versioning, a persistent identifier, and explicit licensing, to facilitate citability, long‐term accessibility, and reuse in scientific workflows