33145 research outputs found
Sort by
Collective Intelligence in Humanitarian Voluntary Geographic Information: The Case of the HOT Tasking Manager
No full textVoluntary Geographic Information initiatives are transforming the disaster response landscape. Our research provides insights into how the concept of collective intelligence is accomplished in humanitarian mapping initiatives. The main source originates from the data obtained in 746 mapping projects organised by the Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team between December 2021 and November 2023, where 38,893 contributors completed 312,289 mapping tasks. These data include detailed attributes of the contributors and the states the tasks go through. The methodology adopts a quantitative approach, including descriptive and inferential statistics, and standard process mining techniques. Our results indicate that, in general terms, in humanitarian mapping, a group of contributors from outside the area of interest perform straightforward mapping tasks with limited collaboration among them. The 'wisdom' of advanced contributors is the cornerstone that sustains the system. The discussion section elaborates on (1) how these findings suggest that humanitarian mapping projects effectively meet their short-term mapping objectives but fall short if more sustainable mapping objectives are sought and (2) possible strategies for better harnessing the collective intelligence of these efforts
An Inverse Source Technique as a Preliminary Tool to Localize Persons in Indoor Spaces
No full textThis paper considers an inverse heat source localization problem with applications to indoor person localization from temperature measurements. In particular, this inverse problem consists in the reconstruction of the intensity and position of heat sources from observed temperature data. The proposed approach leverages the Green function method to model the heat distribution in three-dimensional intervals. This approach allows the formulation of the considered inverse problem through a Volterra integral equation, so numerical quadrature and Tikhonov regularization are employed in the approximation procedure. The validation of the proposed method is conducted through numerical experiments with synthetic data, where various configurations of heat sources in controlled indoor environments have been tested. Results demonstrate the method robustness and accuracy in localizing active heat sources while maintaining privacy and requiring minimal computational resources. Potential applications extend to smart living environments and noninvasive occupant detection also including safety issues
Il Piano Pilota n. 17 e l'architettura del superblocco
No full textNel gennaio del 1956 Juscelino Kubitschek, dopo essere stato sindaco di Belo Horizonte e governatore del Minas Gerais, diventa presidente del Brasile. JK, come amano chiamarlo i brasiliani, fin dai primi giorni del suo governo promette di inaugurare Brasilia a fine mandato, nonostante l’impresa apparisse difficile da realizzarsi in così breve tempo e soprattutto come innesco di una crisi economico-finanziaria interna . Tuttavia, a settembre del ’56, Kubitschek istituisce la “Companhia Urbanizadora da Nova Capital do Brasil” (Novacap) e contemporaneamente, con il direttore Ernesto Silva, lancia il bando per il “Concorso Nazionale per il Piano Pilota della Nuova Capitale del Brasile”, che però accende subito l’insoddisfazione dell’Istituto degli Architetti del Brasile (IAB
Alla fine saranno 26 i gruppi di progettazione che si presentano e con proposte molto eterogenee vista l’elasticità del bando, sia in termini di soluzioni progettuali che di quantità e tipo di elaborati . La competizione, come sappiamo, si chiude nel marzo del 1957 e la giuria internazionale - composta da Pinheiro, Niemeyer, William Holford, André Sive, Stamo Papadaki, Luiz Hildebrando Horta Barbosa e Paulo Antunes Ribeiro – dopo aver esaminato i progetti in concorso più come “idee”, aggiudica il primo premio a Lucio Costa e sei premi minori, tra cui il premio “terza e quarta posizione riuniti” ai piani pilota del gruppo Levi e dei fratelli Roberto
An evaluation and optimization of nutrition, environmental footprint, and food waste in Italian primary school menus: a case study
No full textBackground: Adherence of young people to the Mediterranean diet is increasingly concerning, as their dietary habits present several critical challenges. It is crucial to explore how educational institutions can intervene, particularly through school canteens. These are important foundations in shaping students’ eating habits with the potential to promote a healthy and sustainable lifestyle. A balanced diet can also contribute significantly to sustainability, reducing the environmental impact of food choices. In this context, this study aims to optimize the primary school canteen menu in Camerino (MC), Italy, enhancing nutritional quality promoting healthier practices and reducing environmental impact. Methods: This case study involves the nutritional assessment analysis of the canteen menus (the baseline and the revised one) to evaluate energy and macronutrient intake. Environmental impact, referred to as carbon and water footprints, was assessed. Food waste data were collected by waste weighing. Results: The school canteen menu was changed from a 4-week to an 8-week cycle to introduce greater variety while maintaining Mediterranean Diet principles adherence. Frequencies were modified by increasing legume frequency from about once to 2 times per school week and reducing meat consumption, decreasing white meat to once per school week and red meat from twice per school week to three times per 8 school week. Processed meats were eliminated. Nutritional analysis showed no significant differences in most values, except for fibre content increased from 7.8 ± 0.6 to 8.9 ± 1.2 g per meal. The revised menu emphasized seasonality, local sourcing, and organic products, leading to a reduction in the environmental impact. The carbon footprint significantly decreased from 5.2 ± 1.6 to 3.7 ± 0.9 kg CO2eq per meal, and the water footprint was reduced from 5176.0 ± 738.9 to 4608 ± 708.8 L per meal. Food waste levels were recorded at 24.4% for the first course, 26.0% for the second course, and 31.4% for side dishes, with the highest waste occurring in vegetable-based side dishes. Conclusions: Optimization of the menus plays a key role in encouraging sustainable and healthier eating behaviours. Therefore, schools, institutions and municipalities have a crucial strategic role by giving educational support
Computer-Vision for Inspection and Monitoring of Bridges: Advancements and Field Applications
No full textThis special collection highlights the integration of computer-vision methods into bridge inspection and monitoring. It emphasizes advancements in camera technologies and vision algorithms for applications such as displacement measurement, damage detection, and large-area structural assessment. It invites papers that demonstrate novel hardware and software developments, innovative monitoring layouts, and field implementations
Zone climatiche locali Il linguaggio segreto del calore urbano
No full textIl presente contributo analizza il ruolo del framework delle Local Climate Zones (LCZ) come standard globale per la decodifica eterogenea del microclima urbano e lo studio dell’Isola di Calore Urbana (UHI). Dopo aver illustrato la struttura tassonomica del sistema, che classifica il tessuto urbano in base a proprietà fisiche e geometriche oggettive, il testo ne esamina criticamente l’applicabilità nei contesti complessi dei centri storici europei. Vengono discussi i limiti intrinseci del metodo, quali la risoluzione spaziale spesso inadeguata dei dati satellitari, la "cecità funzionale" rispetto alle dinamiche socio-economiche e la staticità temporale che non coglie l'uso variabile degli spazi. Infine, si delinea la necessità di un’evoluzione metodologica che integri la caratterizzazione morfologica con dati antropici e dinamici, al fine di transitare da una mappatura climatica statica a una valutazione multidimensionale del rischio e della vulnerabilità vissuta, essenziale per una pianificazione urbana climate-aware
La salute che verrà. Atti del I ciclo di salotti virtuali tra diritto e sanità (23 marzo-22 aprile 2024)
No full textIl Volume, rivolto a studiosi e professionisti, raccoglie e riordina le questioni poste e le considerazioni emerse nel corso del I ciclo di Salotti virtuali tra diritto e sanità sul tema La salute che verrà. Da una molteplicità di prospettive sono indagati i profili giuridici e sanitari dei temi affrontati (come la sanità digitale, la telemedicina, la responsabilità professionale, i percorsi clinico assistenziali innovativi, l’impatto dell’informatizzazione sulla gestione del rischio clinico e la cybersicurezza) al fine di offrire un quadro sistematico, porre in luce vantaggi e criticità e raccontare progetti attraverso la condivisione di conoscenze teoriche e di esperienze pratiche
Spin-glass quantum phase transition in amorphous arrays of Rydberg atoms
No full textWe perform unbiased quantum Monte Carlo simulations of quantum Ising models defined on amorphous arrays of Rydberg atoms, motivated by a recent proposal for their experimental realization using engineered configurations of the optical tweezers. In contrast to previous studies focusing on periodic geometries, our models are designed to possess well-controlled local structural properties while lacking long-range order. We identify a quantum phase transition from a paramagnetic to a spin-glass phase, characterized via the Edwards-Anderson order parameter computed from the replica overlap. The magnetic structure factor reveals short-range, isotropic antiferromagnetic correlations, and the spin-overlap distribution exhibits a nontrivial form with two broad peaks and significant weight at zero overlap. A comparison with the clean kagome lattice, which shares similar local geometry, underscores the critical role of amorphous structure in stabilizing the spin-glass phase. Our results suggest a promising pathway for the experimental realization of quantum spin glasses using programmable Rydberg atom arrays
Una critica alla differenza tra ragioni del repêchage e del demansionamento
No full textIl saggio analizza il fondamento giuridico del repêchage e ripercorre i passi salienti della famosa pronuncia delle Sezioni Unite, nata per un caso di sopravvenuta infermità permanente del lavoratore. Il contributo critica l'orientamento interpretativo secondo cui vi sarebbe una differenza tra la ratio del ripescaggio nel giustificato motivo oggettivo e quella alla base del demansionament
