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Miocene stratigraphy and vertebrate paleontology along the western side of Cerros Cadena de los Zanjones (East Pisco Basin, Peru).
No full textThe Miocene Pisco Formation (East Pisco Basin, Peru) is renowned for its abundant, well-preserved fossils of marine vertebrates, representing one of the most spectacular and complete records of Neogene marine vertebrates worldwide. Here, we present a geological map at 1:10,000 scale investigating the spatial and temporal distribution of fossil vertebrates at Cerros Cadena de los Zanjones, in the Ica River Valley. Stratigraphic and paleontological analyses reveal the widespread occurrence of marine vertebrate remains in the Tortonian (10.0–8.6 Ma) P1 and Tortonian – Messinian (8.4–6.9 Ma) P2 sequences. These include 91 specimens preserved as bony elements, including cetaceans (both Odontoceti and Mysticeti), seals (Pinnipedia) and bony fishes (Osteichthyes). Elasmobranchs, including Carcharhiniformes, Lamniformes and Myliobatiformes, are represented by some 300 teeth. The P1-P2 passage is marked by faunal novelties such as the first appearance of seals. Overall, the assemblage taxonomically resembles that of the nearby, well-investigated site of Cerro Colorado
A rich source of natural compounds: Comprehensive research on biological properties of Lamium orientale
No full textLamium orientale E.H.L. Krause is a herbaceous annual plant species in the Lamiaceae family. In the present study, anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial, enzyme inhibitory, and quorum sensing inhibitory (on the inhibition of biofilm formation and violacein pigment production) activities of infusion and methanol (MeOH) extracts of roots, stems, leaves, and flowers of L. orientale were evaluated. The total phenolic-flavonoid contents and the phytochemical profiles of the extracts were determined using colorimetric assays and high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS), respectively. The leaf extracts had the maximal levels of flavonoids and
phenolics. Chlorogenic acid was most concentrated in the extracts. Based on several antioxidant activity assays, the MeOH extract of the flowers and infusion extract of the leaves had potent antioxidant activities. The MeOH extract of the stems exhibited the highest activities against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, while the MeOH extract of the roots demonstrated the highest activities against tyrosinase, amylase, and glycosidase. The highest anticancer activity was determined for the MeOH extract of the roots against the MCF-7 cells (IC50=425.7 μg/mL). The MeOH extract of leaves and all infusion extracts significantly inhibited biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results suggested that L. orientale extracts may have significant potential for developing new therapeutic approaches owing to their high content of bioactive molecules
2-Aminoindoles and 2-Iminoindolines as Viable Precursors of Indole-Fused Nitrogenated Polyheterocycles
No full textThe synthesis of architecturally complex
polyheterocyclic structures embedding the indole ring
represents a growing field of interest. Carbolines and
their partially dehydro derivatives, pyrazinoindoles,
indoloindoles, azepinoindoles and other mediumsized
derivatives are only some examples of indolecontaining
polycyclic compounds featured by enhanced
pharmacological and photophysical properties.
Among various synthetic protocols to prepare
these important target compounds those based on the
utilization of 2-aminoindoles and 2-iminoindolines
are gaining increasing interest because of the ease of
their preparation. The presence of a couple of reactive
sites in these derivatives is instrumental for the
assembling of polyheterocyclic structures exploiting
single step operations featured by efficient cascade or
tandem processes. Several of these methods employ
catalyzed reactions which can be developed for the
asymmetric synthesis of enantiopure compounds.
This review provides an up-to-date report on the
currently available methods for the synthesis of 2-
aminoindoles and 2-iminoindolines and their application
to the preparation of polyheterocyclic derivatives
Rare Earth Acylpyrazolonates-Synthesis, Structure, Luminescent Properties and Applications
No full textAcylpyrazolonate derivatives of rare earth elements (REE), being a non-mainstream class of beta-diketonates, have continued to attract chemists and materials scientists for more than half a century. The electronic structure features of these ligands make them effective sensitizers of the luminescence of various lanthanides, emitting in the visible and IR regions. Exhibiting all the typical structural types of beta-diketonates, acylpyrazolonates can form heterometallic complexes with d-elements due to the presence of additional donor atoms. The review covers more than half a century of the history of these compounds and provides a perspective on the development of this class of compounds and their transformation into materials of the 21st century
A Fast Algorithm for Numerical Differentiation from Scattered Data
No full textNumerical differentiation from scattered data is a problem often encountered in many fields such as image processing and numerical solution of differential equations. We propose a fast algorithm for numerical differentiation starting from scattered data. The proposed algorithm uses nonuniform Fast Fourier Transform (nFFT) and the explicit expression of the eigensystem of a Fredholm integral operator associated to the differentiation problem. Several numerical experiments are presented to validate the behaviour of the proposed algorithm with exact data and with noise-contaminated data
Della responsabilità delle parti per le spese e per i danni processuali
No full textIl contributo descrive ed analizza la disciplina contenuta negli artt. 90-98 c.p.c., alla luce dell'elaborazione dottrinale e giurisprudenziale
A red lentils-based synbiotic cookie exerts neuroprotective effects in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Get PDFGut microbiota preservation or rational manipulation is a key condition for healthy longevity and a promising strategy to prevent neurodegenerations exploiting the gut-brain axis, with a key role of prebiotics and probiotics. Whether their combination in a functional food can provide a synergistic effect to the host remains controversial. To fill this gap, we supplemented the diet of 3xTg-AD Alzheimer's disease mice with a red lentils (prebiotic)-based cookie enriched with neuroprotective probiotics and we performed behavioural, biochemical and molecular tests. Chronic consumption of this synbiotic preparation (functional cookie) preserved cognition, reduced amyloid load, improved glucose and lipid homeostasis and diminished oxidation and inflammation related damages compared to animals receiving a classic cookie (standard recipe). The synergistic effect was indicated by significantly higher glucose insulinotropic polypeptide concentrations in the functional cookie group compared to probiotic group. Moreover, Ruminoclostridium sp KB18 and Ruminicoccus decreased in the gut of mice supplemented with the functional cookie, partially explaining the improved short-term memory upon treatments and substantiating the combined use over individual components. This synbiotic innovative snack represents a prototype of a simple and affordable dietary approach to promote healthy aging and prevent or delay the onset of neurodegenerations
Per una Storia dei diritti collettivi degli indigeni. L'esempio australiano di riconoscimento di appartenenza della terra attraverso il Mabo case.
No full textIl diritto alla terra inteso nella sua dimensione di diritto collettivo è stato spesso oggetto di rivendicazioni, a vario titolo presentate, a partire dalla Conquista spagnola del cosiddetto Nuovo Mondo. In questo articolo si delineano le principali tappe della formazione di un diritto alla terra, sia in relazione al processo di colonizzazione sia in rapporto alle sue conseguenze nella fase di decolonizzazione in special modo in Australia, usando come chiave di interpretazione il Mabo case, processo fondamentale per l’emersione del Native title, concetto già diffuso nel Common Law ma non ancora accolto nel diritto australiano fino appunto al Mabo case
Surviving a Dark Age: The Oldest Baleen-Bearing Whales (Cetacea: Chaeomysticeti) of Pacific South America (Lower Miocene, Peru).
No full textThe evolution of baleen whales (Mysticeti) comprises two main phases, namely, (i) a Paleogene phase, which saw the diversification of stem lineages, and (ii) a Neogene phase, dominated by modern-looking, toothless, baleen-bearing forms in the monophyletic group Chaeomysticeti. These two phases are separated by a global turnover event coinciding with a gap—or “dark age”—in the mysticete fossil record. This dark age occurred between 23 and ~18 Ma and is apparently detected worldwide, except in Zealandia. Here, we report on a new mysticete fossil from the Lower Miocene (Burdigalian: ~19.2 Ma) strata of the Chilcatay Formation cropping out at the newly discovered locality of Cerro Tiza (East Pisco Basin, Peru), which represents a limited but precious testament from the last phase of the baleen whale dark age. Two previously mentioned, slightly geologically younger fossils from the same formation are also reappraised herein, revealing the occurrence of at least another baleen whale taxon in the upper Chilcatay strata—one that belongs in the mysticete crown group. Although the Early Miocene remains a problematic time interval for the fossil record of baleen whales, our new results encourage the search for mysticete fossils in the Lower Miocene strata of the East Pisco Basin, whose basin fill preserves a cornucopia of extraordinarily informative marine vertebrate fossils of the Cenozoic age, as well as in coeval deposits worldwide
