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CAS-ESM2.0 Dataset for the G1ext Experiment of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP)
No full textSolar radiation modification, a scheme aimed at mitigating rapid global warming triggered by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, has been explored through the G1ext experiment under the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) framework, utilizing the Chinese Academy of Sciences Earth System Model version 2 (CAS-ESM2.0). This paper briefly describes the basic configuration and experimental design of the CAS-ESM2.0 for G1ext, which involves a sudden reduction in solar irradiance to counterbalance the radiative forcing of an abrupt quadrupling of atmospheric CO2 concentration, running for 100 years. Preliminary results show that this model can reproduce well the compensatory effect of a uniform decrease in global solar radiation on the radiative forcing resulting from an abrupt quadrupling of CO2 concentration. Like other Earth system models, CAS-ESM2.0 reasonably captures variations in radiative adjustments, surface air temperature, and precipitation patterns, both globally and locally, under the G1ext scenario. The generated datasets have been released on the Earth System Grid Federation data server, providing insight into the potential efficacy and impact of solar geoengineering strategies
Digitaalisen innovaation omaksumisen moniulotteisuus kuntien teknisellä toimialalla
No full textTutkimuksessa tarkastelemme kansallisen digitaalisen innovaation omaksumista kuntien teknisen toimialan kontekstissa. Tietojohtamisen ja innovaatioiden tieteellisten keskustelujen yhdyspinnalle sijoittuen kysymme, millaiset kuntaorganisaatioon, innovaatioon, kunnan työntekijöihin ja toimintaympäristöön liittyvät tekijät ovat yhteydessä kunnan edelläkävijyyteen digitaalisessa innovoinnissa alueidenkäytön suunnittelussa ja rakennusluvituksessa. Edelläkävijäkunniksi määrittelemme 32 kuntaa, jotka hakivat vuonna 2023 ympäristöministeriöltä avustusta lakivelvoitteisen kansallisen rakennetun ympäristön tietojärjestelmän (Ryhti) yhteiskehittämiseen. Teoreettisena viitekehyksenä toimii Rogersin innovaatioiden diffuusioteoria, jota hyödyntäen tutkimuksessa muodostettiin konseptuaalinen malli ohjaamaan empiirisen aineiston analyysiä. Aineistot keräsimme 30 edelläkävijäkunnasta verkkokyselylomakkeella ja neljästä edelläkävijäkunnasta yksilöhaastatteluilla alkuvuodesta 2024. Lisäksi hyödynnämme määrällistä viranomaisaineistoa. Aineistot analysoimme tilastollisin menetelmin ja sisällönanalyysillä. Tunnistimme kuusi keskeistä tekijää, jotka ovat yhteydessä kunnan edelläkävijyyteen digitaalisessa innovoinnissa: 1) osallistuminen aiempiin digitalisaatiota edistäneisiin kuntien yhteishankkeisiin, 2) kuntaorganisaation koko asukasluvulla mitattuna, 3) kuntaorganisaation nykyinen teknologiainfrastruktuuri, 4) kunnan ja työntekijöiden oppimisorientaatio, 5) ennakoiva ja kehittämisorientoitunut johtaminen sekä 6) kuntaorganisaatiossa työskentelevät digitalisaatioinnovaattorit. Kuntien välinen yhteistyö ja verkostot sekä kuntaorganisaatioiden digitalisaatioinnovaattorit näyttäytyivät keskeisessä roolissa digitaalisen innovaation omaksumisessa
Legacy of Women in Service Design
No full textThis research paper discusses the legacy of women in service design. It is a short historical review of some of the main topics that especially female researchers, academics and practitioners have addressed in the era of service design. This research paper is grounded on a thematic literature review. It discusses several concepts where women have had research impact: Service design, design for services, service ecosystem design, systems-orientated service design and decolonizing service design. In the conclusions, it proposes some future directions for women in service design.This research paper discusses the legacy of women in service design. It is a short historical review of some of the main topics that especially female researchers, academics and practitioners have addressed in the era of service design. This research paper is grounded on a thematic literature review. It discusses several concepts where women have had research impact: Service design, design for services, service ecosystem design, systems-orientated service design and decolonizing service design. In the conclusions, it proposes some future directions for women in service design
Can large animals direct the fate of the vast arctic soil carbon reserves:a review
No full textArctic areas store vast soil carbon reserves that are highly sensitive to be released into the atmosphere due to a warming climate. Large arctic herbivores may shape this sensitivity, but owing to high spatial and temporal variation in their ecosystem effects, the conditions under which herbivores might negate soil carbon losses have remained elusive. Here, we summarize the main pathways by which ungulates may counteract unwanted climatic feedbacks of the ongoing warming. Firstly, they may counteract the climate-induced shrubification; secondly, induce ecosystem state transitions from shrub and moss dominance to grass and forb dominance; and thirdly, contribute to colder winter soil temperatures. In non-permafrost soils, these pathways feed back on climate mostly via herbivory-induced increases in albedo and, potentially, decreased sensitivity to wildfire-induced soil carbon losses. In permafrost soils, herbivores may additionally enhance soil carbon storage as the colder winter soil temperatures, induced by vegetation change and trampling-associated compaction of snow, may prevent permafrost melting under warming. The role of current large animal populations in the first pathway (i.e., counteracted shrubification) is already documented in many parts of the Arctic. Yet, the second and third pathway (i.e., ecosystem state transitions and snow-mediated permafrost feedbacks have only limited occurrence today and would require drastic increases in the number and diversity of herbivores to change arctic climate feedbacks at a larger scale, imposing a high degree of uncertainty on the feasibility of such efforts. Given the alarming trends the arctic carbon stocks are facing, a better understanding of the contribution of large herbivores to the carbon cycle is more urgent than ever before, relevant if introducing animal populations into areas with large carbon reservoirs, and crucial when evaluating the net effect of current animal populations that already counteract shrubification and the warming-induced increase in albedo in many areas
Embodied encounters and spatial navigations:proximity as an approach to social work in disasters
No full textAmid the recent chaining and entwining of disasters and crises, social workers navigate close to events, interacting with affected people and inter-professional networks. Despite the increasing prominence of disaster consequences in social work practice, the discipline’s contributions in such scenarios often go unnoticed. In response, this article explores and analyses social work in various disaster contexts from a pragmatic, transnational perspective. Through the thematic analysis of 17 interviews with social work professionals, we examine the street-level operational practices they employ to support people in disaster situations. Our study aims to illuminate the nuanced dynamics of encounters, interventions and approaches informed by the tacit knowledge these professionals utilize to address the diverse needs of individuals and communities during and after disasters. The main finding of this study is that social workers employ proximity as an operational practical approach to disasters, emerging in the dimensions of interaction and spatiality. Through our results, we propose proximity work as a nuanced framework providing insights into social workers’ unique expertise in responding to events of exceptional magnitude. Analysing its dimensions enhances our understanding of aspects of social work practice extending beyond institutionalized, measurable professionalism. This underscores the importance of recognizing and integrating the vital role and expertise social work brings in disaster relief in both national and global contexts.</p
Information system support for case-based knowledge formation in social welfare:a cross-sectional study
No full textBackground: Although client information systems (CISs) should provide social welfare professionals (SWPs) with a comprehensive overview of a client’s situation for case-based knowledge formation (CBKF), research into SWPs’ user experiences is scarce. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine SWPs’ experiences of CISs’ support for CBKF.Method: In 2020, a nation-wide cross-sectional CIS usability survey was conducted with 980 respondents in Finland. The 16 questionnaire statements pertained to technical functionality, usability, client information quality, and access to case-based information in CISs. The factors contributing to CISs’ support for CBKF were analyzed using univariable analysis and multiple classification analysis. Results: The results revealed that the strongest predictors of CIS support for CBKF were usability and quality of information. Moreover, SWPs working in institutional care were more satisfied than their colleagues in other working environments. Conclusion: SWPs perceived the CISs’ information quality to be good, but there was a need for improvement in usability, for instance, via comprehensive summary views and dashboards of essential information.Background: Although client information systems (CIS) should provide social welfare professionals (SWPs) with a comprehensive overview of a client’s situation for case-based knowledge formation (CBKF), research into SWPs’ user experiences is scarce. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine SWPs’ experiences of CISs’ support for CBKF. Methods: In 2020, a nationwide cross-sectional CIS usability survey was conducted with 980 respondents in Finland. The 16 questionnaire statements pertained to technical functionality, usability, client information quality and access to case-based information in CISs. The factors contributing to CISs’ support for CBKF were analysed using univariable and multiple classification analyses. Results: The strongest predictors of CIS support for CBKF were usability and quality of information. Moreover, SWPs working in institutional care were more satisfied than their colleagues in other working environments. Conclusion: SWPs perceived the CISs’ information quality to be good, but there was a need for improvement in usability, for instance, via comprehensive summary views and dashboards of essential information. Implications for health information management practice: The findings highlight that while the information quality of CISs is generally perceived as good, improving usability is crucial for enhancing support for CBKF among SWPs.</p
Taitava tiedonmuodostus ja innovatiiviset teknologiat sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollossa:sosioteknisten systeemien näkökulma
No full textSosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon tiedonhallinnan kehittämisessä tarvitaan teoreettisia viitekehyksiä, jotka yhdistävät teknologian, asiantuntijuuden ja organisaatiokontekstin tarkastelun. Tässä artikkelissa tarkastellaan innovatiivisten teknologioiden, kuten tekoälyn hyödyntämistä sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon tiedonhallinnassa sosioteknisen systeemiteorian näkökulmasta. Sosioteknisessä systeemiteoriassa organisaation sosiaaliset ja tekniset elementit muodostavat yhtenäisen systeemisen kokonaisuuden, jossa tiedonmuodostus perustuu sekä teknologiaan että inhimilliseen asiantuntijuuteen.Sosioteknisessä systeemissä tiedonmuodostus ei rajoitu pelkkään tiedon tekniseen keruuseen ja hallintaan, vaan se sisältää myös tiedon merkityksellistämisen ja hyödyntämisen ihmisten ja teknologian yhteistyönä. Tällöin teknologia tukee ammattilaisten kriittistä arviointia ja päätöksentekoa, mutta ei ohjaa toimintaa mekaanisesti. Tiedon jakaminen eri ammattiryhmien välillä ja moniammatillinen yhteistyö mahdollistavat yhteisten tulkintojen jäsentyneen muodostamisen, mikä tukee laadukasta ja asiakaslähtöistä palvelua. Eettinen ja läpinäkyvä tiedonmuodostus puolestaan edellyttää asiakkaiden kokemusten huomioimista ja heidän osallisuutensa vahvistamista. Käyttäjälähtöisellä ja ketterällä suunnittelulla varmistetaan teknologian toimivuus käytännössä.Taitava tiedonmuodostus edellyttää ajattelun muutosta, jossa ammattilaisia ei nähdä teknologiaa palvelevina koneen osina, vaan heidän asiantuntijuutensa ja inhimilliset kyvykkyytensä tunnistetaan ja hyödynnetään älykkäästi. Sosioteknisen systeemiteorian soveltaminen sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon tiedonhallinnassa yhdistää teknologian alati kehittyvät mahdollisuudet, inhimillisen asiantuntijuuden ja organisaatiokulttuurin joustavaksi, eettiseksi ja asiakaslähtöiseksi päätöksenteoksi. Kyseessä on dynaaminen ja moniulotteinen prosessi, jossa teknologia, ammattilaisten osaaminen ja asiakkaiden osallistuminen muodostavat kokonaisuuden, joka tukee sekä palvelujärjestelmän tavoitteita että työntekijöiden hyvinvointia
Possession and indigenous subjectivity:a view from the Pacific
No full textIt is objectively challenging to reconcile the rational metaphysics of pre-colonial indigenous governance with the irrational objectivity of colonialism. The only relatively undisputed factor in this prospective equation — ‘possession’ becomes relevant as a matter of discussion only when there was a ‘dispossession’ recorded or perceived to be the case. This opinion builds on Athanasiou’s context-linked elaborations regarding ‘addressing’ and ‘redressing’ (2013), while touching upon a range of historic-n-legal developments that took place in New Zealand and Fiji
Russian Imperialism and its "Mistique of Space":Book Review: Aldo Ferrari, Russia. History of an Eurasiatic Empire, Mondadori, Milano, 2024, pp. 372, € 23,00.
No full textHow space created Russia. Russian history is often understood through its ideologies and heads of state, but the real protagonist is the Eurasian space. In my review for Aldo Ferrari's monography "Russia. History of an Eurasian Empire", I explore: How geography and imperial (not 'imperialist') structure have shaped the Russian state in a unique way; How the "mystique of space" has been crucial in shaping its identity; Why this interpretation is crucial to understanding the current foreign policy of the Russian Federation.These concepts are fundamental for scholars of global history and geopolitics