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The Extended Disc Galaxy Exploration Science Survey: description and surface brightness profile properties
Get PDFThe survey description and near-infrared properties for 92 galaxies are presented for the Extended Disc Galaxy Exploration Science (EDGES) Survey, along with an investigation into the properties of the stellar haloes of these galaxies. EDGES is a Spitzer Space Telescope Warm Mission program designed to reach the surface brightness limit (∼0.5 kJy sr or 29 AB mag arcsec) of the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) 3.6 and 4.5m bands for a wide range of galaxy types found within the local volume. The surface brightness profiles exhibit a large range in disc scale length, with breaks more frequently seen than in previous studies, owing in large part to the extremely deep near-infrared imaging. A number of these surface brightness profile breaks may be due to stellar haloes, up to seven galaxies out of the full sample of 92 galaxies, and we explore these implications in relation to current cosmological models. We also report the discovery of a new tidal stream near NGC 3953
Fried Persimmons and Dried Oysters or Why Teaching Pitch Accent Matters: A Practical Guide for Teachers of Japanese as a Foreign Language
No full textPitch accent plays an important role in Japanese by contrasting segmental homophones, e.g., [ha.ʃi] LH (=Low+High pitch) ‘bridge’ vs HL ‘chopsticks’, distinguishing verbal conjugations (e.g., [ta.be.ɾɯ] LHL ‘eat’ vs [ta.be.ta] HLL ‘ate’), parsing syntax, and characterizing language variety (e.g., regional, generational). As such, correctly realizing pitch accent is important to ensure intelligibility when speaking. Yet, pitch accent is largely ignored in Japanese as a Foreign Language classrooms. In response, this paper advocates greater emphasis on pitch accent through boosting awareness, exploiting rules, and focusing on intelligibility. A systematic approach considering second language phonology and pronunciation practice is promoted to supplement courses: metalinguistic awareness, a progression from focus on form to function (Celce-Murcia et al., 2010), repetition with attention to form while being communicative (Gatbonton & Segalowitz, 1988), and integration of the full scope of pronunciation (i.e., perception, production, patterns, phonological processes)
Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) training for nurses in acute care settings: Lessons Learned
Get PDFBehavioral health and substance use disorders (SUDs) represent a substantial portion of global disease burden and are the leading causes of years lived with disability across the world (Whiteford et al., 2015). In the United States, tobacco and alcohol use are associated with leading causes of morbidity and mortality (Johnson et al., 2014) and fatal drug overdoses (excluding alcohol) are a significant contributor to injury deaths (Ruhm, 2018). These data highlight the importance of developing sustainable models of care and the necessary workforce to implement those models across healthcare systems. Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) is an evidence-based practice framework to enable the identification of at- risk substance users (Babor et al., 2007) that offers a streamlined protocol for integrating substance use prevention and treatment into routine medical care (McCance-Katz & Satterfield, 2012). SBIRT includes three primary components: 1) Screening for risk using one or more validated instruments; 2) Brief intervention (motivational counseling) for patients with moderate risk; and 3) Referral to treatment for patients with severe risk or probable dependence (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, n.d.)
Temporal associations between psychological and physical intimate partner violence: A cross-lag analysis
No full textThe present study examined the relationship between psychological and physical forms of intimate partner violence (IPV) across four waves of data during the developmental period of young adulthood. The links from early psychological aggression to later physical aggression and from early physical aggression to later psychological aggression across waves were tested while controlling for their cross-time stabilities and concurrent associations. IPV data were collected annually from 434 young adult respondents involved in a romantic relationship at least once during the respective years from the ages of 22-25. On average, participants provided IPV data for three out of the four years covered by the study (M = 2.82; SD = 1.14). Results of a crosslagged SEM model indicated significant cross-time stabilities as well as significant, positive concurrent associations for both forms of aggression. Most important to this study were the findings that, controlling for these stabilities and concurrent associations, early psychological aggression was a consistent positive predictor of later physical aggression across waves whereas the opposite direction from early physical aggression to later psychological aggression was either non-significant or significant and negative
Persuasive brand messages in social media: A mental imagery processing perspective
No full textThis research examines how mental imagery affects the persuasive effectiveness of a brand’s SNS (Social Networking Service) and whether transportability moderates such processing in SNS. Study 1 investigates the model with fashion retail brands’ SNS communications, and Study 2 replicates the design of Study 1 in the context of luxury hotel brands’ SNS for verification purpose. A web-based survey method in which participants evaluated their interaction with a brand’s SNS communication was used. Results show that two dimensions of mental imagery, quality and elaboration, facilitate favorable attitude toward a brand’s SNS advertising directly and indirectly via positive affect. Furthermore, the effect of transportability as a moderator was shown to be inconsistent between the studies. This research highlights key elements to assist in the design of SNS messages/content and the importance of taking users’ characteristics into account for effective brand communication in SNS
Linking drought legacy effects across scales: From leaves to tree rings to ecosystems
No full textSevere drought can cause lagged effects on tree physiology that negatively impact forest functioning for years. These “drought legacy effects” have been widely documented in tree‐ring records and could have important implications for our understanding of broader scale forest carbon cycling. However, legacy effects in tree‐ring increments may be decoupled from ecosystem fluxes due to (a) postdrought alterations in carbon allocation patterns; (b) temporal asynchrony between radial growth and carbon uptake; and (c) dendrochronological sampling biases. In order to link legacy effects from tree rings to whole forests, we leveraged a rich dataset from a Midwestern US forest that was severely impacted by a drought in 2012. At this site, we compiled tree‐ring records, leaf‐level gas exchange, eddy flux measurements, dendrometer band data, and satellite remote sensing estimates of greenness and leaf area before, during, and after the 2012 drought. After accounting for the relative abundance of tree species in the stand, we estimate that legacy effects led to ~10% reductions in tree‐ring width increments in the year following the severe drought. Despite this stand‐scale reduction in radial growth, we found that leaf‐level photosynthesis, gross primary productivity (GPP), and vegetation greenness were not suppressed in the year following the 2012 drought. Neither temporal asynchrony between radial growth and carbon uptake nor sampling biases could explain our observations of legacy effects in tree rings but not in GPP. Instead, elevated leaf‐level photosynthesis co‐occurred with reduced leaf area in early 2013, indicating that resources may have been allocated away from radial growth in conjunction with postdrought upregulation of photosynthesis and repair of canopy damage. Collectively, our results indicate that tree‐ring legacy effects were not observed in other canopy processes, and that postdrought canopy allocation could be an important mechanism that decouples tree‐ring signals from GPP
Design in 3D: a computational fashion design protocol
Get PDFComputational fashion design research is an important area of inquiry for both design researchers in the apparel industry as well as academic community. Throughout the last 50 years, clothing design and construction methods have already undergone significant changes to become a fully automated, computer-aided process (Lee, 2014; Loker, Ashdown, & Carnrite, 2008). The use of computer-aided-design (CAD) software offers many new possibilities and it is critical to reconcile the use of technology and traditional garment construction methods for wide-scale implementation in the design process (Lee, 2014). In this paper, the definition of parametric and algorithmic design refers to processes based in parametric mathematics and manipulated through the particularity of an algorithm. In what follows, the use of algorithms and computational design methods were explored to add to the growing body of literature on the use of digital technology in computer-aided fashion design. While parametric design is not new, computational programs have enabled a wider retinue of options to build and design with greater dexterity and reproducibility
Unpacking the Rise of Benefit Corporations: A Transatlantic Comparative Case Study
Get PDFThe increasing interest being in social entrepreneurship has brought with it the beginnings of a legal revolution in the way that firms are incorporated and managed with thirty-three states having enacted statues permitting the formation of special corporate entities known as benefit corporations. These businesses are required to pursue a public benefit or community purpose while still earning a profit for their shareholders. Yet not all benefit corporation statutes are created equal. Varying top-down and bottom-up approaches were taken to enact these laws, which may contribute to different success rates in terms of the number of benefit corporations created in the preceding years. In order to identify governance best practices that could inform other states and nations debating similar legislation, this article analyzes the different ways that the benefit corporation statutes were created in Virginia, Connecticut, and Delaware. This process of adoption and resulting incorporation of entities is then compared to the European Union’s efforts at regulating social entrepreneurship, with a particular focus on the UK’s Community Interest Company Approach. Through this lens, the Article investigates the processes and supporters of benefit corporation statutes, and compares theses with EU efforts to support social enterprises, in order to better understand how experimentation with legally unique forms of business contribute to current efforts to modify the relationship between business and society
Refining an Approach to Assessment for Learning Improvement
Get PDFAssessment of student learning is typically undertaken with at least two goals in mind, accountability and improvement. This dichotomy of purpose has dogged assessment from the outset (Ewell, 2009) and contributed to conflicted or incomplete ends. As Banta and Palomba (2015) concluded, assessment undertaken primarily to comply with accountability demands does not usually result in campus improvements. Although the accountability aim of assessment is self-evident, the improvement goal is more elusive. What sort of improvement does assessment facilitate? Does any action on assessment results qualify as achieving the improvement goal? More to the point, do we have good evidence of learning improvements from assessment? It is well established that the greatest challenge in the assessment cycle is in “closing the loop,” or taking action on assessment results and then measuring the difference on the intended outcome (Banta & Blaich, 2011; Kuh, et al., 2015). Moreover, opinion pieces have questioned whether assessment activities make any difference to student learning at all (e.g., Gilbert, 2018)
Amenities, subcultures, and entrepreneurship
No full textWhat powers knowledge-based economies is, paradoxically, not knowledge, but rather their capacity to create new products and services through innovation and place-based entrepreneurship. Previous research has identified the importance of places attractiveness and culture for creating a supportive environment where competition, creativity and entrepreneurship can flourish. However, what specific kind of culture is attractive and actually needed remains both unknown and controversial. A growing stream of research has focused on the cultural amenities offered, such as operas, museums and theaters, and how they affect entrepreneurial outcomes – yet, with mixed results. This paper aim to contribute to the existing literature by positing that rather than mainstream culture, it is subcultural life that explains why some places emerge as creative hotspots while others do not. We utilize explorative factor analysis to compare the impact of different measures of subcultural amenities compared to the traditional measures used to reflect „mainstream” culture on startup rates in German cities. Our findings confirm the main hypothesis posited in this paper that the co-presence of subcultural amenities is positively associated with entrepreneurship. By contrast, mainstream culture has no significant impact on local startup rates. These findings make an important contribution to the recent controversy within the regional studies literature and provide insights and guidance for thought leaders in policy and urban planning