University of Bari Aldo Moro
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Leveraging Large Language Models for Usability Testing: a Preliminary Study
No full textDespite growing efforts to prioritize user experience in product development, software organizations often perform little or no usability engineering activities. Therefore, it is crucial to develop strategies to integrate them effectively into software development processes. The rapid advances in Artificial Intelligence have significantly influenced various aspects of daily life, particularly with the emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs), which can serve as promising tools to support activities to enhance the usability of software products. This paper presents a study investigating the potential of LLMs to assist practitioners in conducting usability tests. Specifically, we conducted an experiment where LLMs generate usability test tasks. Our goal is to assess whether AI can effectively support evaluators by comparing tasks generated by LLMs to those defined by usability experts. The findings indicate that while LLMs can provide valuable support, effective usability testing still requires human oversight and expert intervention
Transversal Competences with AI: Training Implications and Faculty Development Perspectives
No full textThis paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of including a transversal skills course on Artificial Intelligence in an academic development programme for doctoral students at the University of Bari. The course, designed to develop advanced digital skills and ethical reflection, provided a basis for integrating tech-nical knowledge with analytical skills for the responsible use of AI in both aca-demic and professional settings. Its main objective was to enable graduate and postgraduate students to understand the tools needed to address the complex chal-lenges posed by artificial intelligence and to reflect on the responsible, conscious and ethical use of such technologies in their own fields and research paths from a human-centered perspective.
Data collected from surveys and feedback from participants indicate a good level of satisfaction and a significant impact on students’ research projects. The analysis shows the importance of interdisciplinary courses that promote criti-cal thinking, collaboration and ethical awareness. Findings and recommendations for future course design are presented, highlighting the need to integrate such pedagogies into higher education curricula.
The article uses a detailed analysis of the teaching methods used and the feedback collected from participants to assess the impact of the course on the research skills of doctoral students. It discusses the teaching methods, the results achieved and the challenges faced in integrating this course into the university curriculum. It also reflects on the role of AI in the future of scientific research, highlighting how AI can be an effective tool for innovation and progress in the contemporary research landscape
Caso d’uso e imposta di registro: criticità e prospettive ermeneutiche
No full textLa nozione di “caso d’uso” nell’ambito del tributo di registro
è delineata dall’art. 6, d.P.R. 26 aprile 1986, n. 131, che fa riferimento
all’atto depositato per essere acquisito presso una cancelleria giudiziaria in
esplicazione di attività amministrative o presso una pubblica amministrazione,
salvo che il deposito avvenga in adempimento di un’obbligazione
delle suddette amministrazioni, o enti, o organi ovvero sia obbligatorio per
legge o per regolamento. La disposizione difetta di chiarezza, ponendo
non poche incertezze in ordine all’ambito di applicazione e agli elementi
costitutivi del “caso d’uso”, posto che, a fronte delle modifiche succedutesi
nel tempo, ha ristretto notevolmente la sfera di utilizzo dell’istituto e
sollevato non poche criticità sul piano interpretativo. Emerge così l’esigenza
d’individuare una posizione ermeneutica di più ampio respiro, capace di ricondurre ad unità la nozione di caso d’uso per contenere le incertezze
applicative conseguenti alla variegata casistica dell’attività di deposito
intesa lato sensu.The notion of “case of use” in the context of the registration tax is outlined
in Article 6, Presidential Decree No. 131 of 26 April 1986, which
refers to the document deposited to be acquired at a court registry in the
performance of administrative activities or at a public administration, unless
the deposit is made in performance of an obligation of the aforesaid
administrations, or bodies, or is compulsory by law or regulation. The provision
lacks clarity, posing not a few uncertainties as to the scope of application
and the constituent elements of the “case of use”, given that, in the
face of successive amendments over time, it has considerably restricted
the sphere of use of the institution and raised not a few critical issues at
the interpretative level. Thus emerges the need to identify a broader hermeneutic
position, capable of bringing the notion of case of use back to
unity in order to contain the applicative uncertainties resulting from the
variegated casuistry of storage activities understood in the broadest sense
Effectiveness and Clinical Indications of 2 × 4 Fixed Orthodontic Therapy in Regard to Mixed Dentition: A Systematic Review
No full textBackground/Objectives
This systematic review examines the effectiveness and clinical indications of the 2 × 4 fixed orthodontic appliance for interceptive treatment in children with mixed dentition, aiming to simplify future orthodontic needs.
Methods
Following the PRISMA guidelines, a search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus (May 2000–May 2025). The inclusion criteria focused on open-access, in vivo/human studies, case–control studies, cohort studies, and RCTs in English. Risk of bias was assessed using Rob 2.0.
Results
Out of 362 initial records, 7 studies were included. Most of the included studies showed a low risk of bias, with some moderate risk in terms of confounding variables and participant selection, but no high risk was identified.
Conclusions
The 2 × 4 fixed orthodontic appliance is an effective interceptive therapy for mixed dentition. Clinicians can optimize outcomes by understanding its biomechanics and clinical applications. Further research is needed to understand long-term impacts and improve efficiency
IL DIRITTO DELL’ECONOMIA E LE SUE FORMULE DEFINITORIE: UNA PANORAMICA DELLE PRINCIPALI DOTTRINE
No full textL'articolo analizza le principali scuole di pensiero sul diritto dell'economia e le interazione tra principi giuridici e dinamiche economiche. Si evidenzia come il diritto dell'economia è autonomo e multidisciplinare, occupandosi dell'intervento pubblico e dell'autoregolazione. In particolare, poi, si sottolineano le nuove prospettive per il diritto
dell’economia scaturite dalle sfide della globalizzazione e della digitalizzazione
L’edizione digitale dei primi 16 Taccuini di Paolo Orsi
No full textIn questo articolo presentiamo l’edizione digitale dei primi 16 taccuini dell’archeologo Paolo Orsi, conservati presso il Museo Archeologico Regionale “Paolo Orsi” di Siracusa. Il progetto è stato realizzato da un team interdisciplinare utilizzando la piattaforma Transkribus. Nell’articolo descriviamo brevemente la storia dei taccuini dell’archeologo, le attività di trascrizione e codifica delle pagine, segmentazione delle immagini, annotazione dei testi, pubblicazione dei risultati, dopo una sintesi dello stato dell’arte delle edizioni digitali di diari e manoscritti
La sopravvivenza dell’umanità è a rischio? Il ruolo educativo della Survival Research
No full textL’intervento rifletterà sull’intenso dibattito, avviato negli anni Cinquanta del Novecento, in merito alla necessità di privilegiare un’educazione per garantire la sopravvivenza dell’umanità. In questa direzione saranno ricostruiti gli studi propri della Survival Research che hanno rivelato il carattere strategico posseduto dall’istruzione nel favorire, ovvero ostacolare, un’educazione alla sopravvivenza del genere umano (Stegeman, 1952, pp. 390-393): una questione, quest’ultima, divenuta strategica dopo l’inizio dell’Era Atomica e la possibile deflagrazione di un conflitto nucleare che avrebbe cancellato ogni civiltà.
Queste ricerche ricevettero nuovi impulsi negli anni Novanta grazie a Bowers (1997) che accusò il sistema istruttivo occidentale di sostenere una “cultura della negazione” capace di sconfessare i rapporti di causa-effetto stabilitisi tra l’azione economica umana e la messa a rischio dell’ecosistema terrestre.
Secondo la Survival Research, dunque, lo scarso interesse per la crisi ambientale che minaccia l’umanità sarebbe dovuto alla natura dei sistemi educativi che rispecchierebbero l’ideologia propria delle autorità, a loro volta scarsamente interessate a questi rischi (Williams, 2003, p. 305).
Sulla base di queste premesse l’intervento si interrogherà sulle difficoltà di soddisfare i tre obiettivi propri dell’educazione alla sopravvivenza – considerata come uno specifico settore di studi all’interno dei Survival Research – sviluppati da Aldrich (2010, pp. 11-12). Essi contemplano la necessità di evitare catastrofi che minaccerebbero l’esistenza della nostra specie, di valorizzare, nell’ambito degli studi di Environmental History (McNeill, 2003), una conoscenza degli eventi responsabili delle minacce che incombono sull’umanità e, in ultimo, di sviluppare strategie educative capaci di rivolgere la loro attenzione nei confronti delle nuove generazioni, senza tralasciare, tuttavia, forme di educazione continua rivolte agli adulti
Eighty-Four-Month Clinical Outcomes of Autologous Dentin Graft Using Tooth Transformer® and Concentrated Growth Factors in Maxillary Atrophy: A Retrospective Study of 31 Patients
No full textAim: This retrospective observational clinical cohort study evaluated 84-month clinical and radiographic outcomes of a regenerative protocol combining autologous dentin grafts processed with the Tooth Transformer® device and Concentrated Growth Factors (CGFs) in patients with severe maxillary atrophy undergoing sinus augmentation with simultaneous implant placement. Materials and Methods: Thirty-one patients (30–75 years) with residual crestal bone height ≥ 5 mm and requiring extraction of ≥2 molars were included. Extracted teeth were processed with the Tooth Transformer® to obtain demineralized dentin granules (500–1000 μm), which were combined with CGFs prepared using the Medifuge MF200® to form “sticky bone.” All patients underwent sinus lift via a lateral window approach (Hilt Tatum technique) with simultaneous placement of 98 implants (12–14 mm), which were loaded after six months. Results: At the 84-month follow-up, no implant failures or peri-implantitis were recorded. CBCT and clinical evaluations showed stable regenerated bone volume and absence of peri-implant bone resorption. All patients received fixed prostheses within six months without complications. Conclusions: The combined use of processed autologous dentin and CGFs proved to be a safe, predictable, and effective regenerative technique in cases of severe maxillary atrophy, with a 100% implant survival rate at five years
Understanding the impact of antibiotic treatment on the diversity of gut microbiota species
No full textIntroduction: The community of microorganisms that colonize the intestine plays a vital role in regulating human metabolism and immune system function. According to translational medicine studies, administering antibiotics disrupts the balance of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal system, increasing the risk of multiple diseases. Dysregulation and reduction of the biodiversity of intestinal microbiota increase the risk of developing unhealthy conditions for the host. In this review, we tried to offer a current vision regarding the use of antibiotics and the modification of the intestinal microbiota. Areas covered: Research has also shown that, in addition to antibiotics, the composition and balance of the intestinal microbiota depend on diet from the first days of life (breastfeeding or formula) and the mode of delivery (vaginal birth or cesarean section). Having this in mind, we performed an extensive literature search in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science on the relationships between human microbiota and antibiotics. Expert opinion: Effective antimicrobial stewardship programs are urgently needed to reduce the misuse of antibiotics to avoid bacteria becoming more resistant, resulting in the ineffectiveness of antibiotics. Alternatives to antibiotics, e.g., targeted probiotics or bacteriophages, are increasingly considered as a strategy to preserve the intestinal microbiota diversity and maintain a good health status
Participatory democracy and ius impositionis
No full textNowadays, among the powers that characterize state sovereignty, the power to withdraw wealth to meet public expenses and needs of the community takes on a completely peculiar dimension. The ius impositionis constitutes an expression of participatory democracy, due to the involvement of taxable subjects in the tax dynamics through the expression of consent to taxation. In this way, the aim was to rebalance the structure of public authorities and guarantee fiscal interest without creating damage to the financial integrity of taxpayers. The essay, starting from the historical evolution and the constitutional principles of reference, critically analyzes the dynamics related to the relationships between participatory democracy and exercise of the ius impositionis