University of Bari Aldo Moro
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Phenotypic and molecular characterization of the response to two soil-borne viruses in durum wheat landraces for the identification of new sources of resistance
No full textDurum wheat cultivation is increasingly threatened by viral diseases worldwide. Soil-borne cereal mosaic virus (SBCMV) and wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV) cause significant crop losses in Europe. These viruses are transmitted through a soil-inhabiting vector, the plasmodiophoromycota Polymyxa graminis Led. There are very few methods available to eradicate P. graminis, whose resting spores survive in infested soil for decades, but they are either too expensive or not environmentally friendly. Therefore, it is crucial to develop resistant wheat varieties to mitigate the damage. For this purpose, more than 200 durum wheat genotypes, mostly landraces, were selected from the Global Durum Wheat Panel germplasm collection. Then, an experiment was conducted in a semi-controlled environment: the genotypes were sown in pots containing soil infested by P. graminis carrying SBCMV and WSSMV and maintained through the winter period. In early spring, visual assessment of viral symptomatology was performed. Subsequently, the viral loads of the two viruses in leaf tissues were determined through qRT-PCR analysis. The tested genotypes exhibited different responses to the two viruses: SBCMV showed very diversified viral loads among genotypes, whereas WSSMV infected all genotypes. We identified 23 genotypes, with low viral loads of both viruses and reduced symptoms, that could be of particular interest for breeders aiming at new resistant durum wheat varieties. A pilot GWAS allowed to identify genomic regions putatively associated to resistance to SBCMV or WSSMV, as well as possible candidate genes involved in these traits
Assessing the Quality and Floral Variety Market Value: A Hedonic Price Model for Honey
Get PDFThis study quantifies the market values, or implicit prices, of honey quality features (e.g., organic and origin information, package-related features) and floral varieties for supporting beekeepers in differentiating their products to escape from price competition characterizing the Italian honey market. The research employed a sample of sales data, 660 observations collected from the Italian market, and a hedonic price model, estimated via Ordinary Least Squares, to assess the implicit prices of honey characteristics. A high premium price was recorded for honey with added royal jelly and propolis, as well as for “100% Italian” honey. In contrast, moderate price premiums were recorded for Protected Designation of Origin and organic honey. Furthermore, the floral varieties used largely affected the product price: the highest premium prices were estimated for the Manuka, Kanuka, and Tawari floral varieties. Price premiums above +50% were estimated for floral varieties such as Strawberry tree, Pine, Cistus, Tree of Heaven, Sainfoin, Marruca, and Solidago. Results suggest that honey quality features and some floral varieties can effectively differentiate products, supporting beekeepers to achieve higher revenues. This study offers empirical evidence of the extent to which floral varieties and other product characteristics affect the market price of honey using a dataset of secondary data, with the aim to support producers to improve their competitive position in the market
Invading the hearer’s auditory space. A prosodic analysis of Italian insults
No full textImpoliteness is a broad field of research that also encompasses insults, which are forms of verbal attack thatinvolve a degree of injury and social censure. From a linguistic standpoint, insults are characterised by distinctive verbaland non-verbal cues, including specific phonetic and prosodic alterations. The aim of this research was to analyse, for thefirst time, the prosody of Italian insults using a spectro-acoustic approach. The study utilised data from 15 oral role playsperformed by six professional theatre actors. The objective of the study was to investigate the extent to which duration,intensity, and pitch range are employed to convey the specific meaning of an invasion of the listener’s auditory space.The analysis demonstrated that insults exhibited longer nuclear vowels and higher intensity values than the control speechsample. Conversely, the pitch range of the target utterances was narrowed, with the majority of f0 values situated within thehigh-frequency rang
Aldo Moro: il Diritto, lo Stato
No full textLa partecipazione di Moro all’Assemblea Costituente (1946–48)
è segnata da due esperienze decisive: da un lato quella
di rappresentante del cattolicesimo organizzato della FUCI, come
testimoniano i numerosi articoli pubblicati sulla rivista Studium,
dall’altro l’esperienza di giovane professore di Filosofia del Diritto
all’Università di Bari. Le lezioni baresi degli anni accademici 1944–45 e 1946–47, rispettivamente su «Diritto» e «Stato», che qui pubblichiamo in occasione del Centenario
dell’Università di Bari, sono un passaggio indispensabile per
chiunque voglia comprendere non solo il pensiero filosofico-giuridico
moroteo, ma anche i principî fondamentali della Costituzione italian
How to manage hypersensitivity reactions to enzyme replacement therapy in lysosomal storage diseases?
Get PDFLysosomal Storage Diseases (LSDs) encompass a range of genetic disorders characterized by enzyme deficiencies that lead to substrate accumulation and progressive tissue damage. Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT) is the primary treatment for LSDs, yet it is often associated with hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs), ranging from mild rashes to severe anaphylaxis. These reactions, frequently driven by anti-drug antibodies, pose significant challenges in treatment adherence and patient outcomes. This paper outlines a stepwise approach to managing HSRs during ERT, focusing on three escalating strategies. The first-line approach involves premedication using antihistamines, corticosteroids, antileukotrienes, and bronchodilators to prevent or reduce the severity of HSRs. For patients who continue to experience HSRs despite premedication, desensitization protocols are recommended, involving the gradual reintroduction of ERT in controlled, increasing doses. In cases of refractory HSRs, omalizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting IgE, has been successfully used as a third-line intervention. This comprehensive, stepwise strategy aims to provide clinicians a guide to manage these challenges, offering practical steps for optimizing treatment while ensuring patient safety. Future research is needed to further validate these management techniques and explore new therapeutic options for optimizing care in this rare but critical patient population
Comportamento di Olea europaea nei confronti di Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca ST53: influenza delle pratiche culturali e dei fattori endogeni
No full textLa sindrome del disseccamento rapido dell’olivo (OQDS) è una grave malattia vascolare causata da Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca (Xfp), un batterio Gram-negativo classificato come patogeno da quarantena dall’Unione Europea. È stata identificata per la prima volta nel 2013 in un uliveto nella penisola salentina, nella regione Puglia, nell’Italia sudorientale, e si è rapidamente diffusa verso nord, infettando circa 22 milioni di piante di olivo. Attualmente, non sono disponibili interventi "curativi" per controllare la malattia, e le strategie preventive potrebbero rappresentare l’unica soluzione efficace per contenere l’OQDS. Le strategie di gestione si concentrano principalmente sulla riduzione della diffusione dell’infezione, sull’abbassamento della pressione dell’inoculo e sul controllo della popolazione del vettore, al fine di mitigare l’impatto negativo della malattia. Il reimpianto nelle aree infette è essenziale, e sono stati fatti sforzi significativi per identificare nuove fonti di tolleranza o resistenza a Xfp, al fine di ripristinare sia il paesaggio che il settore olivicolo della Puglia. Poiché i meccanismi che regolano la resistenza/tolleranza in alcune cultivar sono ancora sconosciuti, le risorse genetiche dell’olivo risultano preziose per lo studio della risposta della pianta al patogeno.
La ricerca condotta in questo programma di dottorato mira a comprendere l’influenza dei fattori endogeni e delle pratiche colturali sul comportamento degli olivi rispetto alla malattia. In particolare, la ricerca si è concentrata su: i) lo studio della biologia della trasmissione del batterio fastidioso e su come essa venga influenzata dalle interazioni pianta-insetto e dai fattori associati alle specie vettore; ii) l’indagine sull’interazione tra gli endofiti batterici del genere Methylobacterium e Xfp; iii) la caratterizzazione delle popolazioni fungine endofitiche in campioni di olivo, sia infetti che non infetti da Xfp, inclusa la valutazione dell’attività patogenetica di alcune specie fungine del genere Pseudophaeomoniella su piante adulte di olivo; e iv) l’identificazione di olivi che sono sopravvissuti all’epidemia batterica per individuare genotipi resistenti o tolleranti nelle aree infette da più tempo. Infine, questa tesi di dottorato ha anche avviato indagini sull’influenza dei regimi di potatura sul comportamento di diverse varietà di olivo
I risultati hanno dimostrato che la pervinca (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don) può essere considerata la migliore specie di pianta ospite modello tra quelle testate per studi sulla biologia della trasmissione di Xfp ST53 con Philaenus spumarius. I dati ottenuti dagli esperimenti di inoculazione assistiti da EPG hanno fornito nuove informazioni sulle differenze nella dinamica di trasmissione del batterio legate al vettore. Interessante è stato il risultato dello studio sull’interazione tra Methylobacterium spp. e Xfp, che ha indicato come gli isolati producano ferrioxamina E e ferricromo, potendo quindi potenzialmente competere con Xfp per il ferro. Per quanto riguarda il genere Pseudophaeomoniella, non è stata trovata una chiara relazione tra la gravità dei sintomi indotti da Xfp e la presenza del patogeno, sebbene l’età della pianta sembri svolgere un ruolo cruciale sia nella gravità dei sintomi interni che nelle frequenze di isolamento. Inoltre, sono stati identificati nuovi genotipi di olivo potenzialmente resistenti tra quelli che sono sopravvissuti all’epidemia batterica. Infine, non è stata trovata alcuna prova convincente a supporto del fatto che interventi di potatura pesante o leggera possano ridurre la colonizzazione batterica o migliorare lo stato sanitario degli olivi infetti, anche quando la popolazione del vettore è molto bassa.Olive quick decline syndrome (OQDS) is a severe vascular disease caused by Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca (Xfp), a Gram-negative bacterium classified as a quarantine pathogen by the European Union. It was first identified in 2013 in a grove on the Salento peninsula, Apulia region, in southeastern Italy, and rapidly spread northward, infecting approximately 22 million olive plants. Currently, no ‘curative’ interventions are available to control the disease, and preventive strategies may be the only effective solutions for containing OQDS. Management strategies primarily focus on reducing the spread of infection, lowering inoculum pressure, and controlling the vector population to mitigate the negative impact of the disease. Replanting in infected areas is essential, and significant efforts have been made to identify new sources of tolerance or resistance to Xfp in order to restore both the landscape and the olive-growing economy of Apulia. Since the mechanisms governing resistance/tolerance in certain cultivars are still unknown, olive germplasm resources are valuable for studying the plant’s response to the pathogen.
The research conducted in this Ph.D. program aims to understand the influence of endogenous factors and cultural practices on the behavior of olive trees toward the disease. Specifically, the research focused on: i) studying the transmission biology of the fastidious bacterium and how it is shaped by insect-plant interactions and vector species-associated factors; ii) investigating the interaction between bacterial endophytes of the genus Methylobacterium and Xfp; iii) characterizing the endophytic fungal populations in olive tree samples, both infected and non-infected with Xfp, including the evaluation of the pathogenic activity of certain fungal species from the genus Pseudophaeomoniella on adult olive plants; and iv) identifying olive trees that survived the bacterial epidemic to detect resistant or tolerant genotypes in the areas that have been infected for the longest time. Finally, this Ph.D. thesis also aimed to investigate the influence of pruning schedules on the behaviour of different olive cultivars.
The results demonstrated that periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don) can be considered the best model host plant species among those tested for studies on the transmission biology of Xfp ST53 with Philaenus spumarius. Data from EPG-assisted inoculation experiments provided new insights into vector species-related differences in the bacterium’s transmission dynamics. Interestingly, results from the study of the interaction between Methylobacterium spp. and Xfp indicated that the isolates produce ferrioxamine E and ferrichrome, potentially competing with Xfp for iron. Regarding the genus Pseudophaeomoniella, no clear relationship was found between symptom severity induced by Xfp, although the age of the plant appeared to play a crucial role in both internal symptom severity and isolation frequencies. Additionally, new putatively resistant olive genotypes were identified among those that survived the bacterial epidemic. Finally, no strong evidence was found to support that either major or light pruning interventions can reduce bacterial colonization or improve the health status of infected olive trees, even when the vector population is very low
Rev. of J. Andrew Mendelsohn; Annemarie Kinzelbach; Ruth Schilling (Editors). Civic Medicine: Physician, Polity, and Pen in Early Modern Europe. London and New York: Routledge, 2020
No full textReview of J. Andrew Mendelsohn; Annemarie Kinzelbach; Ruth Schilling (Editors). Civic
Medicine: Physician, Polity, and Pen in Early Modern Europ
Assessment of the bioherbicidal potential of Thymus sp. pl. essential oils in weed control
No full textThe bioherbicidal potential of four essential oils (EOs) from Mediterranean species of Thymus sp. pl.: Thymus algeriensis Boiss. et Reut., T. ciliatus Desf. subspecies coloratus (Boiss. et Reut.) Batt., T. vulgaris L., ecotype Fasano and T. vulgaris L. var. Varico was investigated to identify new sources of biomolecules. In vivo assays were carried out to assess the effect of the EOs on pre and post-emergence of two weed species: Lolium perenne L. and Amaranthus retroflexus L. Four concentrations of EO emulsions (5, 7.5, 10 and 20 mu L/mL) were applied. All essential oils (EOs) exhibited the strongest herbicidal activity at the highest tested concentration (20 mu L/mL), completely inhibiting seed germination (100 %) in the Vithal control, whereas lower concentrations were less effective. On the contrary, for post-emergence experiments and compared to the positive control, L. perenne showed resistance to the EOs while A. retroflexus was highly sensitive, arguing a selectivity of the EOs. Additionally, cytological analysis were performed on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh, for a better understanding of the structural modifications induced by the EOs. The root system of EO-treated A. thaliana seedlings was highly damaged
Multi-analytical approach for identification of early artificial ultramarine, made by Raimondo di Sangro, in the blue frame on the altar of the Sansevero Chapel Museum in Naples
Get PDFThe history of ultramarine, a vivid blue pigment derived from lapis lazuli, spans thousands of years. During the 16th to 18th centuries the demand for ultramarine remained high, but its production was limited to specific regions and was extremely expensive. It was used sparingly by artists due to its cost, with some opting for cheaper alternatives such as azurite. In the first half of the 19th century, advancements in chemical knowledge allowed the production of artificial ultramarine, which then spread throughout Europe. The identification of natural versus artificial ultramarine has become a challenge. Here we present analytical results signifying that Raimondo di Sangro (Prince of Sansevero) produced artificial ultramarine before the well-known registered invention by Jean Baptiste Guimet. A detailed study of the chemical composition by SEM-EDS and TEM EDS, along with the absence of accessory minerals commonly found in natural pigment and the presence of uncommon phases, revealed the synthetic origin of the pigment found in the blue frame on the high altar in Sansevero Chapel Museum (Naples, Italy). Moreover, the reflectance spectra disclose an uncommon shift in the main band of the pigment, distinguishing it from both natural ultramarine and more recent synthetic versions. Further, a deep comparison with previous literature data also strengthens our experimental evidence. These results open a new perspective about the first production of this artificial blue pigment
Impatto della lotta antiparassitaria sugli acari fitofagi dei noccioleti dell’Italia Centrale
No full textImpatto della lotta antiparassitaria sugli acari fitofagi dei noccioleti dell’Italia Centrale