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Cosmic-ray acceleration and escape from supernova remnant W44 as probed by Fermi-LAT and MAGIC
Get PDFContext. The supernova remnant (SNR) W44 and its surroundings are a prime target for studying the acceleration of cosmic rays (CRs). Several previous studies established an extended gamma-ray emission that is set apart from the radio shell of W44. This emission is thought to originate from escaped high-energy CRs that interact with a surrounding dense molecular cloud complex.
Aims. We present a detailed analysis of Fermi-LAT data with an emphasis on the spatial and spectral properties of W44 and its surroundings. We also report the results of the observations performed with the MAGIC telescopes of the northwestern region of W44. Finally, we present an interpretation model to explain the gamma-ray emission of the SNR and its surroundings.
Methods. We first performed a detailed spatial analysis of 12 years of Fermi-LAT data at energies above 1 GeV, in order to exploit the better angular resolution, while we set a threshold of 100 MeV for the spectral analysis. We performed a likelihood analysis of 174 hours of MAGIC data above 130 GeV using the spatial information obtained with Fermi-LAT.
Results. The combined spectra of Fermi-LAT and MAGIC, extending from 100 MeV to several TeV, were used to derive constraints on the escape of CRs. Using a time-dependent model to describe the particle acceleration and escape from the SNR, we show that the maximum energy of the accelerated particles has to be ≃40 GeV. However, our gamma-ray data suggest that a small number of lower-energy particles also needs to escape. We propose a novel model, the broken-shock scenario, to account for this effect and explain the gamma-ray emission
Measurement of inclusive and differential cross sections for W+W− production in proton-proton collisions at s=13.6 TeV
Get PDFMeasurements at s=13.6TeV of the opposite-sign W boson pair production cross section in proton-proton collisions are presented. The data used in this study were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2022, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 34.8fb−1. Events are selected by requiring one electron and one muon of opposite charge. A maximum likelihood fit is performed on signal- and background-enriched data categories defined by the flavor and charge of the leptons, the number of jets, and number of jets originating from b quarks. The overall sensitivity is significantly better than that of previous results with a similar integrated luminosity. The improvement comes from a more refined control of experimental uncertainties and an improved fit strategy. An inclusive W+W− production cross section of 125.7±5.6 pb is measured, in agreement with standard model predictions. Cross sections are also reported in a fiducial region close to that of the detector acceptance, both inclusively and differentially, as a function of the jet multiplicity in the event. For the first time in proton-proton collisions, WW events with zero, one, and at least two jets are studied simultaneously and compared with recent theoretical predictions
Management of Oro-Antral Communication: A Systemic Review of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies
Get PDFAim: This study aims to evaluate the management of oro-antral communications (OAC) and fistulas (OAF), focusing on treatment strategies based on defect size, epithelialization, and the presence of sinus infections, while exploring both traditional and emerging techniques. Materials and Methods: The systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and registered on PROSPERO (CDR ID 623251). Using targeted keywords, articles in English published within the last 10 years were analyzed from databases such as PubMed, WoS and Scopus, selecting only clinical studies on human patients. After thorough screening, 20 publications were included in the qualitative analysis, among 734 initially identified. Results: Small OACs (<5 mm) were managed conservatively with hemostatic materials, while larger defects (>5 mm) required surgical closure, with the Bichat flap proving highly effective for large defects. Innovative treatments using autologous bone grafts and PRF showed promise in supporting tissue regeneration. In cases with sinusitis, the combination of FESS and intra-oral closure techniques resulted in high success rates for infection resolution and defect closure. Conclusions: Treatment outcomes for OAC and OAF are highly dependent on the size of the defect and the presence of sinusitis. Multidisciplinary collaboration, along with timely surgical intervention and adherence to medical therapies, is essential for successful management. Emerging techniques and minimally invasive procedures continue to improve patient outcomes, offering hope for more effective and sustainable solutions in complex cases
BORGHI ANTICHI COSTIERI DI PUGLIA
No full textThe aim of this contribution is to explore the defense systems of the Apulian coastal cities by analyzing
the common defensive constructive characteristics of the coastal urban landscape in order to
grasp comparative aspects of the fortified cities
Spatial imaging unlocks the potential of charting multiple myeloma and extramedullary disease
Get PDFExtramedullary disease (EMD) in multiple myeloma (MM) represents a significant clinical challenge, with a limited understanding of the spatial architecture and its pathobiological impact. To address this unmet need, we examined 10 matched samples from bone marrow (BM) and cognate EMD sites. This investigation provides critical insights into the distinct features of EMD, offering potential avenues for more effective diagnosis and targeted therapies. To this aim, we employed MACSimaTM Imaging Cyclic Staining (MICS) to unveil distinct biomarker expression profiles as companion diagnostics for a personalized therapeutic approach for MM. We observed elevated BCL-2 levels in EMD plasma cells (p < 0.0001), indicating the potential of BCL-2 inhibitors to target anti-apoptotic pathways in select cases. The higher expression of EZH2 in EMD compared to BM (p < 0.0001) highlights its role in sustaining aggressive tumor phenotypes and supports the use of epigenetic-targeting agents in key situations. In contrast, CD3 + T-cell distance was significantly higher in EMD, reflecting impaired immune surveillance (p < 0.0001). Across the cohort, our analysis revealed significant differences between BM and EMD regarding the expression and spatial organization of key markers. CD38 expression was markedly reduced in EMD plasma cells (p < 0.0001). These findings underscore profound biological heterogeneity in MM and its BM emancipated disease phenotype, emphasizing dysfunctional apoptosis, immune evasion and resistance to CD38-targeting therapies in EMD, conceivably informing future validations. By integrating high-dimensional data, this study provides insights into potential druggable vulnerabilities for crafted interventions, particularly challenging in EMD cases
The State, the Territori, the Colonized
No full textThe territory is the place of a political category of
sovereignty, the definition of a specific and cultural legitimacy that can become a memory of history itself. It is a representation that disappears with man himself or with the
very men who had maintained it, but which – and this is
precisely where that specific force of change lies – lives again
as a necessity of law and politics, which have their roots in
the possibility of representing themselves as sovereigns. The
risk of a return of imperialism in different forms, such as
those of the great international organizations, remains ever
closer
The evolution of terrestrial ecosystems in the Quaternary: Pleistocene mammals from Apulia in the Museum of Earth Sciences (UniBa)
No full textThe study of the evolution of terrestrial mammal communities during the Pleistocene is of crucial importance to better understand the effects of climatic and paleoenvironmental changes in a certain territory. This work is focused on the study of the numerous fossil remains from three Pleistocene sites in Apulia and all preserved inside the Museum of Earth Sciences of the University of Bari: Pirro Nord (Gargano, northern Apulia), Contrada Monticelli (Murge, central Apulia) and Gagliano del Capo (Salento, southern Apulia). In this research work, the study of the so-called "Dagostino Collection" began, consisting of about 700 finds collected during the first excavation campaigns at the Pirro Nord site during the early 1970s. The study of the fauna found at the Contrada Monticelli site was completed, consisting of over 150 finds collected during the early 1980s and only partially studied previously. Following restoration work, a large partial rhinoceros skull from Gagliano del Capo was studied in detail for the first time. The research work was conducted through traditional methodologies (morphological, biometric and statistical study) and digital (CT scan and 3D scans). Starting from the taxonomic identification and revision of previously studied remains of the fauna found, it has been possible to obtain data of the following types: 1) biochronological, linked to the arrival/disappearance of certain species; 2) paleobiogeographic, linked to the dispersion of these and the extension of their ranges; 3) paleoenvironmental, directly correlated to the ecological significance of the elements that make up the communities of terrestrial mammals. The Pirro Nord site (Early Pleistocene) is related to the homonymous Faunal Unit (FU), Contrada Monticelli (early Middle Pleistocene) can be associated with the Isernia FU, while the two large woolly species found in Gagliano del Capo suggest a correlation to the Last Glacial. Overall, the studied fauna from the site of Pirro Nord (Early Pleistocene, Pirro Nord FU), Contrada Monticelli (early Middle Pleistocene, Isernia FU) and Gagliano del Capo (Late Pleistocene, Last Glacial) seem to show some peculiar characteristics perhaps due to the isolation of the Apulian peninsula, furthermore they seem to have been a refuge area for relict populations for the extincted species in continental Europe. Finally, the cataloguing and new exhibitions of these finds have allowed to significantly enrich the paleontological heritage present in the Museum of Earth Sciences and constitute the starting point for further possible future developments.The study of the evolution of terrestrial mammal communities during the Pleistocene is of crucial importance to better understand the effects of climatic and paleoenvironmental changes in a certain territory. This work is focused on the study of the numerous fossil remains from three Pleistocene sites in Apulia and all preserved inside the Museum of Earth Sciences of the University of Bari: Pirro Nord (Gargano, northern Apulia), Contrada Monticelli (Murge, central Apulia) and Gagliano del Capo (Salento, southern Apulia). In this research work, the study of the so-called "Dagostino Collection" began, consisting of about 700 finds collected during the first excavation campaigns at the Pirro Nord site during the early 1970s. The study of the fauna found at the Contrada Monticelli site was completed, consisting of over 150 finds collected during the early 1980s and only partially studied previously. Following restoration work, a large partial rhinoceros skull from Gagliano del Capo was studied in detail for the first time. The research work was conducted through traditional methodologies (morphological, biometric and statistical study) and digital (CT scan and 3D scans). Starting from the taxonomic identification and revision of previously studied remains of the fauna found, it has been possible to obtain data of the following types: 1) biochronological, linked to the arrival/disappearance of certain species; 2) paleobiogeographic, linked to the dispersion of these and the extension of their ranges; 3) paleoenvironmental, directly correlated to the ecological significance of the elements that make up the communities of terrestrial mammals. The Pirro Nord site (Early Pleistocene) is related to the homonymous Faunal Unit (FU), Contrada Monticelli (early Middle Pleistocene) can be associated with the Isernia FU, while the two large woolly species found in Gagliano del Capo suggest a correlation to the Last Glacial. Overall, the studied fauna from the site of Pirro Nord (Early Pleistocene, Pirro Nord FU), Contrada Monticelli (early Middle Pleistocene, Isernia FU) and Gagliano del Capo (Late Pleistocene, Last Glacial) seem to show some peculiar characteristics perhaps due to the isolation of the Apulian peninsula, furthermore they seem to have been a refuge area for relict populations for the extincted species in continental Europe. Finally, the cataloguing and new exhibitions of these finds have allowed to significantly enrich the paleontological heritage present in the Museum of Earth Sciences and constitute the starting point for further possible future developments
Drivers for the adoption of circular eco-innovations in agriculture: insights from a field experiment on olive growers
No full textCircular economy is emerging as a key approach for transitioning to a more sustainable economic model. However, understanding how to facilitate the transition to a circular economy remains a critical challenge. This study analyses the drivers for the adoption of circular eco-innovations in the agricultural sector by considering both firm-level factors and cognitive characteristics of firms’ managers. Specifically, the willingness to adopt two selected circular eco-innovations was assessed through face-to-face interviews involving a sample of 211 olive growers in Apulia region (Italy). The two tested circular eco-innovations consist of the use of olive pomace digestate as soil conditioner/fertilizer and the use of reclaimed wastewater for irrigation. Data analysis was performed by estimating a bivariate ordered-response probit model. Findings revealed that farmer’s cognitive characteristics, particularly environmental risk awareness, play a key role in the path of adoption. Therefore, a full circular transition in agriculture can be achieved only through a significant shift in farmers’ mind-set, a process that takes time and needs to be supported by tailored policy measures
“Formes de l'(in)civilité dans le théâtre des années 1590. Le cas de Simon Belyard”
No full textDans le cadre de cette réflexion, nous verrons comment les emplois linguistiques et rhétoriques de cet auteur s’avèrent particulièrement significatifs en fonction de l’évolution des notions qui définissent le champ lexical de la politesse à la fin du XVIe siècle
Effetto Delle Abitudini Alimentari E Stili Di Vita Su Inflammosoma E Asse Intestino-Fegato-Cervello
No full textLa steatosi epatica associata a disfunzione metabolica (MASLD) è una patologia prevalente e progressiva caratterizzata da un'alterazione dell'omeostasi metabolica e da steatosi epatiche, che contribuisce in modo significativo al carico sanitario globale.
Questo studio esplora l'impatto dei comportamenti legati allo stile di vita, tenendo conto delle differenze di genere, e degli interventi sullo stile di vita sulla funzione epatica e sui marcatori metabolici in pazienti con MASLD di mezza età e anziani. È stata arruolata una coorte di 109 pazienti con MASLD e 27 controlli sani e sono state valutate le caratteristiche basali in base al sesso. Un intervento sullo stile di vita della durata sei mesi che comprende una dieta mediterranea ipocalorica e un programma di attività fisica strutturato, è stato somministrato al gruppo MASLD. I risultati hanno rivelato che i maschi hanno mostrato un comportamento sedentario e un'inattività fisica maggiori rispetto alle femmine, con un impatto negativo sulla funzione epatica e un'esacerbazione della MASLD. Inoltre, gli interventi sullo stile di vita hanno portato a una perdita di peso ≥5%, un fattore chiave nella gestione della MASLD, migliorando significativamente la funzione epatica e i marcatori metabolici. Invece, una perdita di peso inferiore al 5% ha mostrato benefici sulla struttura del fegato, ma non ha influenzato la funzione epatica sub-clinica. Nonostante la stretta aderenza ai cambiamenti dello stile di vita, anche i fattori fisiologici potrebbero svolgere un ruolo cruciale nel successo complessivo del raggiungimento della perdita di peso. Questi risultati evidenziano l'efficacia degli interventi sullo stile di vita e sottolineano l'importanza di strategie personalizzate, come la modifica della dieta e l'attività fisica, per migliorare i risultati e ripristinare l'asse intestino-fegato-cervello.Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a prevalent and progressive disorder characterised by disrupted metabolic homeostasis and liver steatosis, contributing significantly to global health burdens. This study investigates the impact of gender-specific lifestyle behaviours and interventions on hepatic function and metabolic markers in middle-aged and elderly MASLD patients. A cohort of 109 MASLD patients and 27 healthy controls were enrolled, with baseline characteristics assessed by gender. A 6-month lifestyle intervention, including a calorie-restricted Mediterranean diet and structured physical activity, was administered to the MASLD group. Results revealed that males exhibited greater sedentary behaviour and physical inactivity than females, negatively impacting hepatic function and exacerbating MASLD. Furthermore, lifestyle interventions resulted in ≥5% weight loss, a key objective in MASLD management, significantly improving hepatic function and metabolic markers. However, weight loss of <5% showed benefits for liver structure but did not affect sub-clinical liver function. Despite strict adherence to lifestyle changes, physiological factors could also play a crucial role in the overall success of achieving weight loss. These findings highlight the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions and emphasize the importance of personalised strategies, such as tailored dietary modification and physical activity, to improve outcomes and restore the gut-liver-brain axis