University of Bari Aldo Moro
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Association between vaccinations and risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textImportance: Dementia is a highly prevalent issue in older people. Whilst the prevention of dementia is a public health priority, the role of vaccinations is still largely unexplored.
Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate whether common adult vaccinations are associated with a reduced risk of dementia.
Data sources: PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched from inception to 1 January 2025.
Study selection: Observational studies comparing dementia and mild cognitive impairment incidence between vaccinated and unvaccinated adults aged ≥50 years.
Data extraction and synthesis: Four reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality using the Newcastle– Ottawa Scale. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using a random-effects model.
Main outcomes and measures: Incidence of dementia, including its subtypes.
Results: Twenty-one studies (n = 104 031 186 participants) were included. Vaccination against herpes zoster was associated with a reduced risk of any dementia (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.69–0.83) and Alzheimer’s disease (RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.44–0.64). Influenza vaccination was linked to a reduction in dementia risk (RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.77–0.99), as was pneumococcal vaccination (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.47–0.87) for Alzheimer’s disease. Tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis (Tdap) vaccination was also associated with a significant reduction for any dementia (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.54–0.83).
Conclusions and relevance: Adult vaccinations, particularly against herpes zoster, influenza, pneumococcus and Tdap, are associated with a lower risk of dementia. Vaccination strategies should be incorporated into public health initiatives for dementia prevention.
Registration: https://osf.io/x3d4f
Più complesse, più disuguali: dove vanno le province italiane?
No full textValeria Cirillo, Marialuisa Divella, Giuseppe Simone e Michele Capriati, analizzando la relazione tra complessità produttiva (misurata con l’indice proposto da Hidalgo e Hausmann) e disuguaglianza dei redditi delle province italiane nel periodo 2000–2021 trovano che nelle province caratterizzate da strutture produttive più complesse la disuguaglianza tende a essere significativamente più elevata. Gli autori illustrano anche le implicazioni di questi risultati per il disegno delle politiche
Lupin flour as a wheat substitute in conventional and sourdough breadmaking: impact on bread physicochemical properties and volatile profile
No full textEnhancing the nutritional profile of baked goods while addressing sustainability challenges means finding different sources of functional, sensory and nutritional ingredients. The aim of this study was to evaluate native lupin flour versus spontaneously fermented lupin flour as ingredient for wheat breadmaking. For that purpose, wheat flour was supplemented with 15–30 g/100 g lupin flour (LF15, LF30) or freeze-dried lupin sourdough (LS15, LS30) and dough and breads were assessed in comparison with wheat bread (control). Both lupin flour and lupin sourdough decreased dough stability, delayed the fermentation and lowered the pH. The incorporation of lupin flour increased the hardness of the crumb, except for when adding sourdough (15 g/100 g) that increased the bread expansion and enriched the volatile profile of bread. The analysis of the volatile compounds confirmed that lupin flour conferred fatty, green odor due to octanal, and when in the form of sourdough brought sour, and almond notes from acetic acid and benzaldehyde, respectively. Overall, lupin addition is a strategy to produce bread aligned with current trends towards sustainable and plant-based diets, particularly in the form of spontaneous type IV whole lupin sourdough up to 15 g/100 g wheat replacement
Beyond Nano Building Blocks: The Influence of Mn(II) Doping on 3D Self-Assembled Perovskite Supercrystals
No full textThe controlled assembly of nanocrystals (NCs) in 3D systems is an intriguing strategy to engineer innovative materials with advanced functionalities. Herein, undoped and manganese-doped cesium lead mixed halide perovskite NCs are organized into ordered superstructures. The synthesis of CsPbClxBr3-x NCs is carried out under mild conditions, achieving nanocubes with tunable composition emission and high quantum yields. Incorporating Mn(II) as a dopant induces the appearance of a red emission band and introduces a morphological diversity at the nanoscale. Well-faceted micrometer-sized supercrystals (SCs) on substrates without external templates are fabricated by a slow destabilization approach, based on capillary-driven assembly in an antisolvent vapor environment. Through comprehensive structural and spectroscopic characterization, remarkable differences between doped and undoped systems are reveled in terms of their assembly behavior, morphology, and optical properties. Confocal microscopy, combined with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, uncovers the unexpected spatial arrangement of emission within these superstructures, while diffraction analysis identifies distinct domains in co-crystallized supercuboids. These findings provide crucial insights into how dopant incorporation influences the assembly processes and the collective optical behavior in perovskite SCs, establishing a foundation for designing functional NC architectures with tailored properties for next-generation optoelectronic applications
Vita da anziani. Rappresentazioni, pratiche, progetti, politiche
No full textLongevità non significa semplicemente vivere più a lungo, ma diritto a una vita di qualità. Lontano da letture emergenziali o riduzionistiche, il volume esplora l’invecchiamento come intreccio complesso di trasformazioni demografiche, sociali, culturali, urbane e politiche.
Presenta una riflessione sul cambiamento della terza età quale spazio ricco di occasioni, desideri, pratiche, diritti e nuove forme di partecipazione sociale. Attraversa alcuni snodi centrali del nuovo modo di essere anziani: le pratiche turistiche, il camminare come diritto allo spazio, il cohousing come nuova forma dell’abitare, le differenze di genere e la vita quotidiana, le esperienze nel tempo della pandemia.
Al cuore dell’analisi vi è il diritto alla città dei soggetti anziani, il diritto ad abitare i “right places”, luoghi accessibili, inclusivi, ricchi di opportunità e capaci di sostenere autonomia, relazioni,
progettualità e benessere. Le città “age friendly” diventano così laboratori di democrazia territoriale e di felicità urbana, spazi dove politiche pubbliche, progettazione, scelte private e vita quotidiana si intrecciano per l’obiettivo di società più eque e solidali per tutti i loro abitanti
Nuove segnalazioni floristiche italiane 18. Flora vascolare (216–233).
No full textSi segnalano nuove stazioni di specie rar
Platinum(IV) oxaliplatin analog containing axial benzoate ligands induces mitochondrial hyperpolarization and caspase-dependent apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cell models
No full textThis study investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying the antiproliferative effects of the platinum(IV) complex trans -[Pt(OBz)2( O,C -10-BzODA)(1 R ,2 R -DACH)] (complex 1 ; OBz = benzoate, 10-BzODA = 10-benzoyloxy-2-decenoate, DACH = diaminocyclohexane) in pancreatic cancer cell models. Initial findings revealed that complex 1 exhibits substantial antiproliferative activity, positioning it as a promising therapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer, where effective treatment options remain limited. Notably, complex 1 demonstrates significantly greater efficacy compared to platinum(II) drugs, such as cisplatin and oxaliplatin, with IC50 values in the low micromolar range across various pancreatic cancer cell lines. Mechanistic studies suggest that complex 1 's enhanced activity is attributed to the axial benzoate ligands, which differentiate it from its platinum(II) analog. Complex 1 accumulates intracellular platinum without undergoing reduction in the extracellular environment, and it induces mitochondrial hyperpolarization. This effect is reminiscent of free sodium benzoate but occurs at a much lower extracellular concentration, indicating the crucial role of the benzoate ligands in modulating mitochondrial function. Furthermore, complex 1 triggers caspase-dependent apoptosis in cancer cells and is also effective in 3D tumor cell models, highlighting its potential as an effective anticancer agent. Thus, this work presents a Pt(IV) prodrug bearing benzoate axial ligands that exhibit distinctive chemical and biological behavior compared with previously reported Pt(IV) prodrugs. In conclusion, the unique properties of complex 1 , driven by its benzoate ligands, suggest that Pt(IV) complexes represent a promising approach for the development of targeted chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of pancreatic cancer
Qualitative and Quantitative Use‐Wear Analysis of Percussive Stone Tools from Nyayanga (Homa Peninsula, Kenya)
No full textThis study presents a comprehensive examination of the function of 26 percussive stone tools (PSTs) from Nyayanga, an Oldowan site located on the Homa Peninsula in southwestern Kenya. These artifacts, dating between 3.032 to 2.581 million years ago, were found together with hominin remains and animal fossils with stone tool butchery damage. To determine the function of the PSTs, we adopted a multiscale approach that combines qualitative use-wear analysis using microscopic techniques at low and high power approaches with quantitative analysis, employing 3D surface models generated with profilometry. These analyses indicate that Nyayanga homi- nins used PSTs to access both plant (e.g., USOs) and animal (bone marrow) nutri- ents. The inferred multifunctionality of these tools hints at diverse dietary strategies and contributes to our understanding of human technological evolution
Deuteron identification via time of flight with LHCb
No full textIt is shown that the timing capabilities of the LHCb detector operated during the LHC Run 2 can be used to identify light ion particles with momenta of a few GeV/c. This is achieved by estimating the particle time of flight through a newly developed technique. A dedicated reconstruction procedure and a neural-network-based estimator of the particle speed have been developed to enable deuteron identification by suppressing the abundant background from lighter particles. The performance of the identification procedure is demonstrated in a sample of proton-helium collisions at sNN = 110 GeV, where the production of deuteron and triton particles is observed. This novel approach opens the way to study deuteron and antideuteron production for different collision systems at different energy scales, exploiting the rich dataset collected by the LHCb experiment
Multiple solutions for quasilinear elliptic problems with concave and convex nonlinearities
No full textWe prove the existence of multiple signed bounded solutions for a quasilinear elliptic equation with concave and convex nonlinearities. For this, we use a variational approach in an intersection Banach space indroduced by Candela and Palmieri, and a truncation technique given by Garcia Azorero and Peral